Relevance. In industrial horticulture, the cultivar plays an important role. Correctly selected r... more Relevance. In industrial horticulture, the cultivar plays an important role. Correctly selected rootstock will allow identifying the possibility of a cultivar. It is the rootstock that controls growth, has a great influence on the rate of fertility, fruiting and marketable qualities of the fruits of the grafted cultivar. The introduction of apple graft-rootstock combinations into wide production to obtain consistently high yields with fruits of high commodity and biochemical qualities requires a rational selection of cultivars and rootstocks.Methods. Apple cultivars Orlinka and Yablochny Spas were studied for yield indicators in accordance with the «Program and methodology of fruit, berry and nut variety study». The assessment of the biochemical composition of fruits was carried out at VNIISPK in the laboratory of biochemical and technological evaluation of cultivars and storage according to generally accepted methods «Methods of biochemical research of plants» and «Evaluation of cu...
Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding
Background. Competitive early-fruiting apple cultivars with high commercial and consumer qualitie... more Background. Competitive early-fruiting apple cultivars with high commercial and consumer qualities, resistant to unfavorable stressors, are required for successful horticulture development.Materials and methods. The study included apple cultivars developed by innovative methods using scab resistance donors (Rvi6) and diploid gamete donors. Foreign cultivars commercialized in the region were also used. Conventional variety testing techniques were applied. Fifteen cultivars released by the Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), 6 foreign cultivars, and one reference (‘Antonovka obyknovennaya’) were assessed.Results. Simulating damaging factors helped to identify good resistance of tissues and buds of domestically bred apple cultivars to early winter frosts. These cultivars survived a temperature decrease to –30°C without damage in early winter and without significant damage (no more than 2.0 pts) at –40°C in midwinter, including the scab-immune (Rvi6) cultivars ‘Ivanovskoye’ and ...
The purpose of this research was to study apple cultivars obtained from Luke (previously MTT Piik... more The purpose of this research was to study apple cultivars obtained from Luke (previously MTT Piikkiö, Finland) in order to have good candidates for breeding within the central zone of Russia. The studies were carried out in accordance with the methods of cultivar study and artificial freezing by modeling damaging factors using a freezing chamber. The assessment of the cultivars by yield, commodity and consumer qualities of fruit, resistance to adverse abiotic factors of the winter period is given. The ‘Vuokko’ cultivar was identified with a yield significantly higher than Antonovka. By modeling winter damage factors, ‘Sandra’, ‘Samo’ and ‘Make’ cultivars were identified with the resistance of the cambium and wood at the level of ‘Antonovka’, when the temperature in the of mid-winter dropped to –40 °C after hardening off, with the ability to keep the frost resistance at –25 °C after thaw and ability to restore the hardy state by lowering the temperature to –30 °C after thaw and re-ha...
The apple tree gene pool was evaluated by resistance to adverse winter conditions based on the an... more The apple tree gene pool was evaluated by resistance to adverse winter conditions based on the analysis of weather data for 50 years. 70% of winter-hardy and highly winter-hardy cultivars were revealed in the group of traditional local cultivars. Many local Central Russian cultivars are widely used in the breeding of new winter-hardy cultivars in central Russia, the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, the Altai, the Far East and the south of the country. Positive results were obtained by using cultivars obtained from stepped crossbreeding, combining a complex of valuable qualities (winter resistance, immunity to scab, high qualities of fruits) in selection. On the basis of damaging factors' modeling, resistance to -38° C temperature and resistance to frost after thaw were confirmed in most VNIISPK breeding cultivars; winter-hardy cultivars with a resistance threshold -40°C: Vyatich, Orlovskiy partizan, Orlovskoye polesie, Zdorovye, Ministr Kiselev, Pamyat' Semakinu, Rozhdestve...
High yields in the up-to-date intensive orchards depend on the quality of plant material. In the ... more High yields in the up-to-date intensive orchards depend on the quality of plant material. In the soil and climatic conditions of Orel region the field experiment was carried out. The reaction of apple varieties on the manual methods (nipping of annual seedlings and nipping with the removal of 3-4 upper leaves) and chemical methods (treatments with epin, rastvorin and urea solutions) was studied in the nursery of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). The aim of this work is to assess the agrotechnical methods of impact on the seedlings for the purpose of obtaining branched annual seedlings of different varieties. It was observed that manual methods and chemicals influenced upon branching and growth processes of annual apple seedlings in different ways. The manual methods (nipping and nipping together with the removal of 3-4 upper leaves) occurred to be the most effective. Depending on the cultivar these methods provide the formation of 1,9-4,0 lateral shoot...
Apple tree varieties on clonal rootstock 54–118 were studied in terms of frost resistance and dro... more Apple tree varieties on clonal rootstock 54–118 were studied in terms of frost resistance and drought resistance. The purpose of the research is to study the resistance to frost and drought of apple tree varieties of VNIISPK breeding on clonal rootstock 54–118. Climatic conditions affect fruit trees and further lead to a sharp decrease in the fruit productivity and commercial qualities. The problem study of resistance to various extreme growing conditions (including frost, low temperatures, drought and high temperatures) is relevant. A variety that has a high resistance under various adverse weather conditions is considered as winter-hardy, i.e. shows all the components of frost resistance. The study of the main components of winter hardiness (I, III, IV) showed that apple tree varieties (Orlik, Venyaminovskoye, Sinap Orlovsky, Veteran, Svezhest, Rozhdestvenskoye, Bolotovskoye - of the FSBSI VNIISPK breeding; Antonovka obyknovennaya - of local selection on clonal rootstock 54–118) h...
The results of resistance studies of apple varieties (Malus domesticaL.) generative sphere to low... more The results of resistance studies of apple varieties (Malus domesticaL.) generative sphere to low temperatures during flowering are presented. The research was carried out on the basis of areas of primary and industrial study of apple varieties and laboratory of physiology of stability of fruit crops of Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding in the period 2009-2020. The resistance of the generative organs of the apple tree to spring frost was determined by the method of frost modeling from -1.0°C to -6.0°C. The purpose of the research is to establish a critical temperature to identify the stability of the generative sphere to frosts during flowering, to identify the reaction of different ploidiness varieties to low temperatures in flowering time and identify resistant ones. As a result of frost modes modeling, the critical temperature for flower elements (-3.5°C) was established, and apple varieties resistant to critical temperature were allocated. When using the non-para...
Relevance. Recently, the number of hot and dry years has increased significantly. Under the influ... more Relevance. Recently, the number of hot and dry years has increased significantly. Under the influence of drought, the leaves of the apple tree prematurely fall, the ovaries and fruits fall off, which significantly affects on the yield. In this regard, the study of the water regime of apple remains relevant under drought conditions.Methods. The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of physiology of fruit plant resistance at VNIISPK in 2016-2017. Apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding growing on the semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118 were studied. Antonovka Obyknovennaya was taken as a standard cultivar. The experiments were laid in 2013, the spacing scheme was 5 m x 3 m. The crown shape is of spindle type. The row-spacing and near-trunk stripes are kept under the fall fallow. The method of artificial dehydration was used to determine drought resistance of apple cultivars. The apple cultivars were studied with the aim to determine the physiological parameters of water regi...
A large apple gene pool has been collected at the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Br... more A large apple gene pool has been collected at the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding including apple varieties of national selection, new breeding domestic and foreign varieties and genotypes of various genetic and ecological origins. The study of Volga apple varieties has allowed assessing them in the Orel region. The varieties with the long storage life of high-quality fruit have been identified: Gubernskoye, Kondratievskoye, Paskhalnoye, Pervenetz Rtisheva of the Saratov experimental station of horticulture. The varieties may be used for further breeding when creating high-quality domestic apple varieties with the fruit of long storage life and consumption.
Relevance. In industrial horticulture, the cultivar plays an important role. Correctly selected r... more Relevance. In industrial horticulture, the cultivar plays an important role. Correctly selected rootstock will allow identifying the possibility of a cultivar. It is the rootstock that controls growth, has a great influence on the rate of fertility, fruiting and marketable qualities of the fruits of the grafted cultivar. The introduction of apple graft-rootstock combinations into wide production to obtain consistently high yields with fruits of high commodity and biochemical qualities requires a rational selection of cultivars and rootstocks.Methods. Apple cultivars Orlinka and Yablochny Spas were studied for yield indicators in accordance with the «Program and methodology of fruit, berry and nut variety study». The assessment of the biochemical composition of fruits was carried out at VNIISPK in the laboratory of biochemical and technological evaluation of cultivars and storage according to generally accepted methods «Methods of biochemical research of plants» and «Evaluation of cu...
Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding
Background. Competitive early-fruiting apple cultivars with high commercial and consumer qualitie... more Background. Competitive early-fruiting apple cultivars with high commercial and consumer qualities, resistant to unfavorable stressors, are required for successful horticulture development.Materials and methods. The study included apple cultivars developed by innovative methods using scab resistance donors (Rvi6) and diploid gamete donors. Foreign cultivars commercialized in the region were also used. Conventional variety testing techniques were applied. Fifteen cultivars released by the Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), 6 foreign cultivars, and one reference (‘Antonovka obyknovennaya’) were assessed.Results. Simulating damaging factors helped to identify good resistance of tissues and buds of domestically bred apple cultivars to early winter frosts. These cultivars survived a temperature decrease to –30°C without damage in early winter and without significant damage (no more than 2.0 pts) at –40°C in midwinter, including the scab-immune (Rvi6) cultivars ‘Ivanovskoye’ and ...
The purpose of this research was to study apple cultivars obtained from Luke (previously MTT Piik... more The purpose of this research was to study apple cultivars obtained from Luke (previously MTT Piikkiö, Finland) in order to have good candidates for breeding within the central zone of Russia. The studies were carried out in accordance with the methods of cultivar study and artificial freezing by modeling damaging factors using a freezing chamber. The assessment of the cultivars by yield, commodity and consumer qualities of fruit, resistance to adverse abiotic factors of the winter period is given. The ‘Vuokko’ cultivar was identified with a yield significantly higher than Antonovka. By modeling winter damage factors, ‘Sandra’, ‘Samo’ and ‘Make’ cultivars were identified with the resistance of the cambium and wood at the level of ‘Antonovka’, when the temperature in the of mid-winter dropped to –40 °C after hardening off, with the ability to keep the frost resistance at –25 °C after thaw and ability to restore the hardy state by lowering the temperature to –30 °C after thaw and re-ha...
The apple tree gene pool was evaluated by resistance to adverse winter conditions based on the an... more The apple tree gene pool was evaluated by resistance to adverse winter conditions based on the analysis of weather data for 50 years. 70% of winter-hardy and highly winter-hardy cultivars were revealed in the group of traditional local cultivars. Many local Central Russian cultivars are widely used in the breeding of new winter-hardy cultivars in central Russia, the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, the Altai, the Far East and the south of the country. Positive results were obtained by using cultivars obtained from stepped crossbreeding, combining a complex of valuable qualities (winter resistance, immunity to scab, high qualities of fruits) in selection. On the basis of damaging factors' modeling, resistance to -38° C temperature and resistance to frost after thaw were confirmed in most VNIISPK breeding cultivars; winter-hardy cultivars with a resistance threshold -40°C: Vyatich, Orlovskiy partizan, Orlovskoye polesie, Zdorovye, Ministr Kiselev, Pamyat' Semakinu, Rozhdestve...
High yields in the up-to-date intensive orchards depend on the quality of plant material. In the ... more High yields in the up-to-date intensive orchards depend on the quality of plant material. In the soil and climatic conditions of Orel region the field experiment was carried out. The reaction of apple varieties on the manual methods (nipping of annual seedlings and nipping with the removal of 3-4 upper leaves) and chemical methods (treatments with epin, rastvorin and urea solutions) was studied in the nursery of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). The aim of this work is to assess the agrotechnical methods of impact on the seedlings for the purpose of obtaining branched annual seedlings of different varieties. It was observed that manual methods and chemicals influenced upon branching and growth processes of annual apple seedlings in different ways. The manual methods (nipping and nipping together with the removal of 3-4 upper leaves) occurred to be the most effective. Depending on the cultivar these methods provide the formation of 1,9-4,0 lateral shoot...
Apple tree varieties on clonal rootstock 54–118 were studied in terms of frost resistance and dro... more Apple tree varieties on clonal rootstock 54–118 were studied in terms of frost resistance and drought resistance. The purpose of the research is to study the resistance to frost and drought of apple tree varieties of VNIISPK breeding on clonal rootstock 54–118. Climatic conditions affect fruit trees and further lead to a sharp decrease in the fruit productivity and commercial qualities. The problem study of resistance to various extreme growing conditions (including frost, low temperatures, drought and high temperatures) is relevant. A variety that has a high resistance under various adverse weather conditions is considered as winter-hardy, i.e. shows all the components of frost resistance. The study of the main components of winter hardiness (I, III, IV) showed that apple tree varieties (Orlik, Venyaminovskoye, Sinap Orlovsky, Veteran, Svezhest, Rozhdestvenskoye, Bolotovskoye - of the FSBSI VNIISPK breeding; Antonovka obyknovennaya - of local selection on clonal rootstock 54–118) h...
The results of resistance studies of apple varieties (Malus domesticaL.) generative sphere to low... more The results of resistance studies of apple varieties (Malus domesticaL.) generative sphere to low temperatures during flowering are presented. The research was carried out on the basis of areas of primary and industrial study of apple varieties and laboratory of physiology of stability of fruit crops of Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding in the period 2009-2020. The resistance of the generative organs of the apple tree to spring frost was determined by the method of frost modeling from -1.0°C to -6.0°C. The purpose of the research is to establish a critical temperature to identify the stability of the generative sphere to frosts during flowering, to identify the reaction of different ploidiness varieties to low temperatures in flowering time and identify resistant ones. As a result of frost modes modeling, the critical temperature for flower elements (-3.5°C) was established, and apple varieties resistant to critical temperature were allocated. When using the non-para...
Relevance. Recently, the number of hot and dry years has increased significantly. Under the influ... more Relevance. Recently, the number of hot and dry years has increased significantly. Under the influence of drought, the leaves of the apple tree prematurely fall, the ovaries and fruits fall off, which significantly affects on the yield. In this regard, the study of the water regime of apple remains relevant under drought conditions.Methods. The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of physiology of fruit plant resistance at VNIISPK in 2016-2017. Apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding growing on the semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118 were studied. Antonovka Obyknovennaya was taken as a standard cultivar. The experiments were laid in 2013, the spacing scheme was 5 m x 3 m. The crown shape is of spindle type. The row-spacing and near-trunk stripes are kept under the fall fallow. The method of artificial dehydration was used to determine drought resistance of apple cultivars. The apple cultivars were studied with the aim to determine the physiological parameters of water regi...
A large apple gene pool has been collected at the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Br... more A large apple gene pool has been collected at the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding including apple varieties of national selection, new breeding domestic and foreign varieties and genotypes of various genetic and ecological origins. The study of Volga apple varieties has allowed assessing them in the Orel region. The varieties with the long storage life of high-quality fruit have been identified: Gubernskoye, Kondratievskoye, Paskhalnoye, Pervenetz Rtisheva of the Saratov experimental station of horticulture. The varieties may be used for further breeding when creating high-quality domestic apple varieties with the fruit of long storage life and consumption.
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