The common prevalent diseases in the age of 0 to 6 are related to urinary tract infections. If no... more The common prevalent diseases in the age of 0 to 6 are related to urinary tract infections. If not properly diagnosed, they will lead to urological and nephrological complications. Uropathogens are developing resistance against most drugs and are harder to treat. A study was done on the inpatients and outpatients of the two hospitals located in Lahore. A total of 39,750 samples that were both male and female were collected. Escherichia and Klebsiella were found in 234 samples based on biochemical characterization, growth on CLED agar, and white blood cell/pus cell (WBC) microscopy. In comparison to males, female samples had a higher number of uropathogens (1:1.29). From the samples of Shaikh Zayed Hospital (SZH), the ratio of Klebsiella to Escherichia (1:1.93) was reported, while this ratio was 1.84:1 from the Children Hospital (CH). The incidence of UTI was higher in the month of September. Randomly selected Escherichia and Klebsiella were verified via a 16S rRNA sequence. Antibiot...
The structural proteins, spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and envelope (E), of severe a... more The structural proteins, spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and envelope (E), of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) play a critical role from attachment to replication and virulency. Recently a bulk of genomes have been sequenced from different geographical regions with significant number of variations. Therefore, the current study was aimed to find variations in the structural proteins. This is the first comprehensive study in which we screened 2,95,000 complete genomes in global initiative on sharing all influenza data (GISAID), submitted from December 2019 to December 2020. We detected 4725 non-synonymous mutations in S, 627 in M, 259 in E, and 1631 mutations in N protein, among which the most frequently occurring mutations in S protein are D614G (n=2,66,513), A222V (n=59,697), L18F (n=28,015) and that of M protein are; T175M (n=1286), D3G (n=968), L17I (n=621), A2V (n=463), and A2S (n=460). The most commonly circulating variants in E includes, S68F (n=419), P...
In this study, nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses were conducted in the P3 region of the... more In this study, nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses were conducted in the P3 region of the Enterovirus 70 genome. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignments show that Enterovirus 70 is a picornavirus and is closely related to polioviruses and coxsackieviruses. The 3D$\sp{\rm pol}$ and 3B(VPg) of Enterovirus 70 show higher similarity to the corresponding regions of Poliovirus 1, while two other regions, 3A and 3C$\sp{\rm pro}$, are more closely related to Coxsackievirus B3 sequences. These observations suggest that the P3 region of Enterovirus 70 diverged from poliovirus like sequences. For the two regions which show more similarity to Coxsackievirus B3 like sequences, there is some evidence that this could be the result of recombination, in the P3 region, between an the ancestral sequence to Enterovirus 70 and a coxsackievirus like genome. The importance of the P3 region in transcription, translation, and replication suggests that these recombinational events may be respon...
Breast Cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death among females. It has been documented that Akt i... more Breast Cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death among females. It has been documented that Akt isoforms and kRaS control the proliferative pathways in most cancer including BC. To address the issue of breast cancer signaling through mRNA quantification along with proteins quantifications in Akt pathway by microbead assay. A total of 42 specimens were selected from a pool of samples representing nearly all Bloom’s Richardson’s grades tissues (Normal, Hyperplasia, Ductal in situ Carcinoma, Grade I, Grade II and Grade III). No Grade IV sample was available. Total of 8 genes (Akt 1, Akt 2, Akt 3, p53, RCAS 1, Bcl 2, BclxL, and Mcl 1) and 11 proteins in PI3K / Akt mToR pathway were assayed simultaneously using microbead BioPlexTM assay. Results on quantification of RCAS 1 gene (Immune Evader) indicates its significance by increased quantities to help to evade the breast cancer cells to distant places to metastasize in the body. Data obtained on Akt isoforms (Akt 1, Akt 2, Akt 3) show th...
The common prevalent diseases in the age of 0 to 6 are related to urinary tract infections. If no... more The common prevalent diseases in the age of 0 to 6 are related to urinary tract infections. If not properly diagnosed, they will lead to urological and nephrological complications. Uropathogens are developing resistance against most drugs and are harder to treat. A study was done on the inpatients and outpatients of the two hospitals located in Lahore. A total of 39,750 samples that were both male and female were collected. Escherichia and Klebsiella were found in 234 samples based on biochemical characterization, growth on CLED agar, and white blood cell/pus cell (WBC) microscopy. In comparison to males, female samples had a higher number of uropathogens (1:1.29). From the samples of Shaikh Zayed Hospital (SZH), the ratio of Klebsiella to Escherichia (1:1.93) was reported, while this ratio was 1.84:1 from the Children Hospital (CH). The incidence of UTI was higher in the month of September. Randomly selected Escherichia and Klebsiella were verified via a 16S rRNA sequence. Antibiot...
The structural proteins, spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and envelope (E), of severe a... more The structural proteins, spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and envelope (E), of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) play a critical role from attachment to replication and virulency. Recently a bulk of genomes have been sequenced from different geographical regions with significant number of variations. Therefore, the current study was aimed to find variations in the structural proteins. This is the first comprehensive study in which we screened 2,95,000 complete genomes in global initiative on sharing all influenza data (GISAID), submitted from December 2019 to December 2020. We detected 4725 non-synonymous mutations in S, 627 in M, 259 in E, and 1631 mutations in N protein, among which the most frequently occurring mutations in S protein are D614G (n=2,66,513), A222V (n=59,697), L18F (n=28,015) and that of M protein are; T175M (n=1286), D3G (n=968), L17I (n=621), A2V (n=463), and A2S (n=460). The most commonly circulating variants in E includes, S68F (n=419), P...
In this study, nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses were conducted in the P3 region of the... more In this study, nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses were conducted in the P3 region of the Enterovirus 70 genome. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignments show that Enterovirus 70 is a picornavirus and is closely related to polioviruses and coxsackieviruses. The 3D$\sp{\rm pol}$ and 3B(VPg) of Enterovirus 70 show higher similarity to the corresponding regions of Poliovirus 1, while two other regions, 3A and 3C$\sp{\rm pro}$, are more closely related to Coxsackievirus B3 sequences. These observations suggest that the P3 region of Enterovirus 70 diverged from poliovirus like sequences. For the two regions which show more similarity to Coxsackievirus B3 like sequences, there is some evidence that this could be the result of recombination, in the P3 region, between an the ancestral sequence to Enterovirus 70 and a coxsackievirus like genome. The importance of the P3 region in transcription, translation, and replication suggests that these recombinational events may be respon...
Breast Cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death among females. It has been documented that Akt i... more Breast Cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death among females. It has been documented that Akt isoforms and kRaS control the proliferative pathways in most cancer including BC. To address the issue of breast cancer signaling through mRNA quantification along with proteins quantifications in Akt pathway by microbead assay. A total of 42 specimens were selected from a pool of samples representing nearly all Bloom’s Richardson’s grades tissues (Normal, Hyperplasia, Ductal in situ Carcinoma, Grade I, Grade II and Grade III). No Grade IV sample was available. Total of 8 genes (Akt 1, Akt 2, Akt 3, p53, RCAS 1, Bcl 2, BclxL, and Mcl 1) and 11 proteins in PI3K / Akt mToR pathway were assayed simultaneously using microbead BioPlexTM assay. Results on quantification of RCAS 1 gene (Immune Evader) indicates its significance by increased quantities to help to evade the breast cancer cells to distant places to metastasize in the body. Data obtained on Akt isoforms (Akt 1, Akt 2, Akt 3) show th...
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