Wp/vai/ꔃꗋꘋ ꕀꔤ ꗡꔻ ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ
ꔃꗋꘋ ꕀꔤ ꗡꔻ ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꖏ ꘈꗢꖸ ꖸ ꗃꕎ ꔨꕃꔅꔳꕩ ꗡꘋꕢꖴꖃꔪꕜꕩ ꕎ ꗏ, ꕺꖃ ꖷꔧ ꖴꘋꗒ ꕪ ꔇꔀ ꕔꕡ.
ꖬꕎꘋ ꔤ ꕚꕌ: ꔇꔀ ꔇꔀ, ꕔ ꗱ ꗓꖺꕮ
ꔃꗋꘋ ꕗꖏꖃ ꔖꔊ ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꕒꕌ ꔿꘂꘈꗢ ꕪꘋꖇꔀ ꖴꕮ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉ ꗪ ꗓ ꘃꗡ ꗏ 1 ꗻꔪꗳꕓ 1995 – 3 ꗻꔪꗳꕓ 1996 ꕉ ꕮꔧ ꗞꗢ ꗘꕀ ꕷꔒ ꕀꔤ ꔲꔤ ꖏꖄꕮꕊ ꖺꔻꕪ ꖴꕩ ꕚꕓ ꔎꕞ ꕦꔒ ꔎꗏ[1][2] ꗞ ꖷ ꔖꔜ ꔳꕩ ꔐꔍ ꔵꔤ ꗅꕮꗅ ꕉ ꕪꘋꗜꖺ ꗞ ꖷ ꔳꕩ ꖩꔱ ꗨꔓ
ꖏ ꗳ ꕪꔒ ꖸ ꕉ ꖝꖕꕰꕊ ꕞ ꖏꕎ ꕉꕡꕌ ꕴꖃ ꖱꕞꔤ 26, 1937 ꗥꔺ, ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꕉ ꕘꕌ ꗱꖝꖿꔒ 21 2009 ꖦꗛꗏ, ꕞꔤꔫꕩ, (ꕉ ꗋꘋ ꔨ ꕢꘋ 71) ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꕮꕨ ꔻꔤ ꕐꕌꔎ ꖷ ꗏ ꖟ ꗠꖻ ꕞ ꕐꕌꔎꔀ (ꖳꔕꔎ ꕐꕌꔎꔀ)
ꕉꕌ ꕪꕌ ꘃ ꖴꘋ ꔳꘂ ꕪꘋ ꖷ ꖸ ꗛꔳꘋꗋꘋ ꖳꕇꕙꔖꔎꔀ ꕐꔖꔌ ꖨꖤꔨꘋ ꔵꘉ ꕪꕌ ꕪꔒꕀꘂ ꕉꕴꕎ ꖳꕇꕙꔖꔎꔀ
ꔃꗋꘋ ꕗꖏꖃ ꔖꔊ ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꕒꕌ (ꖱꕞꔤ 26, 1937 – ꗱꖝꖿꔒ 21, 2009) ꔳꕩ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꗁꔒꔎ ꗞꖻ ꕎ ꖏ ꔧ ꕺꖃ ꕢ ꗞꖻ.
ꕺꖃ ꖷ ꕞ ꗓꔒ ꗪ ꕉ ꔬꕩ ꗃꗡ ꕞ [ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ ꕮ] ꕉꕡ ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꕴꖃ 1937 ꕎ ꗥꔺ ꕢꕨꕌ ꗏ ꗂꘋ ꕪꘋꔎꔀ ꗛꔤꘂ ꕞ ꗱ ꕃꕞ. ꕉ ꕚꕌ ꗛꔳꘋꗋꘋ ꕪꔒꕀꘂ ꔧ ꔵꘉ ꕪꕌ ꖬꖴꖕꘂ (ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꔳꕩ ꗦꗷ ꗛꔳꘋꗋꘋ ꖳꕇꕙꔖꔎꔀ ꖏ) 1960 ꕢꘋꗣ ꖝ ꗏ. ꕉꕌ ꕺꖃ ꕢ ꗓ ꘃꗡ ꕔꕌ ꗓ ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉꕌ ꗳꔤ ꖴꖫ ꖸ ꘊꔧ ꗛꔳꘋꗋꘋ ꕺꖃ ꕮ ꘀꗫꕯꕊ. ꕺꖃ ꘈꗢ ꗏ ꖷ ꔨ ꕪꔒꕀ ꗞꗢ ꖸ ꕩꕌꖸꕊ ꖏ ꘊꔧꔒꔀ ꖸ ꕧ ꕀꕩ. ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉꕌ ꕪꕌ ꘃ ꖴꘋ ꔳꘂ 1963 ꕢꘋꗣ ꖝ ꗏ, ꕉꕡꕌ ꗛ ꗛꕞꔗ ꕞ ꕉꔤ ꕪꕌ ꘃ ꕔꔤ ꕢꕯ ꕮ ꔵꘉ ꕪꕌ ꕪꘋ ꕮ ꗓꔒ ꖷ ꗪ ꕐꔖꔌ ꖨꖤ2ꔨꘋ ꔵꘉ ꕪꕌ ꕪꔒꕀꘂ ꗩꕃꔒ ꕢꕨꕌ ꗏ, ꕪꔒꖢꕇꕰ ꕸꖃꔀ ꗏ. ꕉꕌ ꕮꔻꕚ ꕺꖃꔀ ꗱꗡ ꔵꘉ ꕪꕌ ꖏ ꗏ ꕉꖷ ꕉ ꔫꔤ ꕪꘋꗜꖺ, ꕉꕌ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꕪꕌ ꕉꕴꕎ ꖳꕇꕙꔖꔎꔀ, ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꕢꖝ ꗱ ꕉꕌ ꕮꔻꕚ ꕺꖃ ꗱꕞꕯ ꗱꗡ ꕶꕱ ꖨꖕꕴꕱꔀ ꕞ ꗓꗡ ꗏ.[3]
ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉ ꘀꗡꕩ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ 1960 ꖸ ꕞꕒꘋꗣ ꗏ, ꕉꕡ ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖨ ꔬ ꗓ ꘃ ꗏ ꖴꘋꗒ ꕪ ꗪ ꕞꕡ ꖏ ꔞꘋ ꕒꕌ ꗏ (ꕪꘋ ꖷ ꔳꕩ ꗦꗷ ꖴꘋꗒ ꕪ, ꕞꕡ ꖏ ꗪ ꔞꕒꕌ ꗃ ꔞꘋ ꕒꕌ ꖏ ꗝꘈꔳꘂ ꗏ). ꕪꘋ ꘈꗢ, ꕉꕌ ꗓ ꘃ ꖴꘋꗒ ꕪ ꖏ ꘊꔧ ꕪꘋ ꔖꔜꕯꕊ ꕉꖷ ꕎꕌꔳ ꗃꖺ ꕪꘋꗜꖺ, ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꕜꗸꕚꕌ ꖏ ꗛꔤ ꕒꕌꖺ ꖴꘋꗒ ꕪ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꖏꔀ ꖸ ꕧꕌ. ꕎꕌꔳ ꘈꗢ, ꕉ ꕿꕎ ꔨ ꗏ ꔬꕩ ꗏ ꕪꕌꗞꖻꕧ ꗓ ꘃ ꕮ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꖳꕇꕙꔖꔎꔀ, ꕪꘋ ꖷ ꕉ ꗻꗡꕩ ꕌꕊꔷ ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꕶꗱꕢ ꕮꔧ ꗞꖻ ꖏ ꕉꔤ ꗃ 1985 ꕮ ꕉꔤ 1990 ꔬꕩ. ꕉꕌ ꕶꕱ ꖨꖕꕴꕱꔀ ꕀꕩ ꕉꔤ ꕒꕢ ꕪꕌ ꘃ ꖷ ꕞ ꗓꔒ ꗪ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꕞ ꕪꘋ ꖷ ꕉꕌ ꕪꕌ ꘃ ꖴꘋ ꔳꘂ, ꕪꘋ ꖷ ꔳꕩ ꗛꔳꘋꗋꘋ ꖏ.[3]
ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꔳꕩ ꗞ ꕮ ꗓꔒ ꖏ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꖏ ꗏ 1970 ꖸꕊ ꕔꕌ ꗓꕯꕊ ꕎ. ꕉꖷ 1974 ꕢꘋꗣ ꖝ ꗏ, ꕉꕌ ꕺꖃ ꕢ ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꗋꘋ, “ꔻꔤ ꗠꖻꕧ ꕀꔤꕮ ꗓ ꕞ ꔧ ꗳꔤ ꕮꔕ ꖸ, ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꖸ ꔳꕩ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꗳꔤ ꖸ ꕎ ꖏ ꕉꕌꖸ ꗻꗡꕩꕌ ꕮ. ꕉ ꕪꘋꗜꖺ, ꕉꕌ ꕺꖃ ꕢ ꗏ ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꗋꘋ “ꗞ-ꕴꕱ-ꗞꖻ ꕮ ꕉꕌ ꕘꕌ ꕒꕡ ꗓ”. 1979 ꕢꘋꗣ ꖝ ꗏ, ꕉꕌ ꕺꖃ ꕢ ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꗋꘋ “ꖇꕯꕊ ꗪ ꔷꔱꘂ”. ꕉꕌ ꕺꖃ ꕮꔕ ꗨꗡ ꕢ ꕎ ꘃ ꕉꕌ ꔞꔀ “ꔎꔒꔀ ꕀꔤꕩ ꔱꔳꔤꘂ ꕮ”: ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꖨꕮ ꕚꕌꘂ. ꕉꖷ ꕉꕌ ꕉꔱꔸꕪ ꗳꔤ ꕺꖃ ꕢ ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꗏ ꗳ ꕢ ꗞꖻ ꕗ ꕗ ꖸ ꗪ ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꕉꕌ ꔞꔀ, “ꕉꔱꔸꕪ ꕧꕮꕴ ꕯꕮꕊ ꗳꔤ ꕔꔤ ꕢꕯ ꖸ.”[3] ꕉꕌ ꕺꖃꔀ “ꖏꔕꔀ ꖸ ꗪ ꔷꘃꕯ” ꔳꕩ ꕺꖃ ꕎ ꖏ ꕉꕡꕌ ꕢ 2010, ꕉ ꕘꕌꔒ ꕪꘋꗜꖺ.[4][5]
ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꔃꔷꕩꘋ ꕉꗐ ꗋꖺꗃ ꔻꔤꕩ ꗨꗡꗽꘋꕧꕌ ꕮ 1971, ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉ ꗪ ꔨ ꗬ ꗓ ꘃꕯ ꖴꘋꗒ ꕪ ꔞꘋ ꕒꕌ ꗏ, ꕉꕌ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꕉ ꕞ ꗓꔒ ꗪ ꗨꗡꗽꘋ ꕯꕮꕊ ꔱꕩ ꗃꗡ ꕞ ꖏꕎ ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꕉꕌ ꔞꔀ, “ꗋꖺꗃ ꖷ ꗃꕎ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ”. ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉ ꕒꕡ ꖏ ꖿꗱ ꗃ ꗓ ꘃꕩ ꖴꘋꗒ ꕪ ꔞꘋ ꕒꕌ ꗏ, ꕉꕡ ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꕸꖙ ꕮꘋꗔꘋꗣ ꕪꘋ ꖷ ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꕢꘋ ꗏꗒ ꗠꖻ ꕞ ꖏꕎ. ꕒꕡ ꘈꗢ ꕉ ꕎ ꗋꘋ ꔨ ꕆꕇꔻꕚꕌ ꕮꔧ ꗞꗢ ꗨꗡ ꕞ ꖏꔀ ꖸ ꖴꕮ. ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꕜꗸꕚ ꘀꘉꕟꕌ ꖏ ꕆꕇꔻꕚꕌ ꖸꕊ ꕞꕢꘋꗣ ꕞ ꖏꕎ ꕉꔤ ꗃ 1983 ꕮ ꕉꔤ ꕿ ꕉ ꗏ ꕉꔤ 1985 ꔬꕩ ꕉꖷ ꕉ ꔫꔤ ꕪꘋꗜꖺ, ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꕒꕢ ꗠꖻ ꗏꔤ ꖏ ꗨꗡꗽꘋ ꕢꕆꗠ ꔞꔀ ꖁꕱ ꕞ ꕒꕢ ꖏꕎ ꕺꖃ ꖏ ꖸ ꗏ. ꕉ ꕿꕎ ꗓꕯꕊ ꘈꗢ ꕎ ꕉꕌ ꕒꕢ ꔇꔀ ꖁꕱ ꔝ ꕉ ꕩꕌ ꕪꕌ ꘃꗡ ꖴꘋ ꔳꘂ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꖳꕇꕙꔖꔎꔀ 1989 ꕢꘋꗣ ꖝ ꗏ.[3]
ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꔳꕩ ꗓꕧꕌ ꖏ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꖴꕮ ꕉꔤ ꗃ ꗻꔪꗳꕓ 1, 1995 ꕮ ꕉꔤ ꗻꔪꗳꕓ 3, 1996 ꔬꕩ, ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꔿꘂꘈꗢ ꖏ ꕪꘋꖇꔀ ꖴꕮ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ, ꕪꘋꖇ ꖷ ꗪ ꔨ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꔰꔤꕯ ꕎꕌꔳ ꘈꗢ. ꕪꘋꖇ ꘈꗢ ꗏ, ꗞ ꖸ ꕒꕢ ꕎ ꗨꗡꗽꘋꕧꕌ ꕮ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꗝꘈꔳꘂ ꗏ ꕉꔤ ꕿ ꕉ ꗏ ꕉꖸꔧ ꗝꘈꗢ ꔻꔤ ꕾꔳ ꗱ. ꕉ ꔻꔤꕩ ꗞ ꖷ ꕔ ꕮ ꕉꔤ ꗃ ꕮꕊꔿ 1994 ꕮ ꕉꔤ ꗻꔪꗳꕓ 1995 ꔬꕩ, ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꔐꔍ ꗅꕮꗅ ꕎ ꖏ. ꕪꘋꖇ ꘈꗢ ꗏ ꕸꖃꔀ ꖴꕮ, ꕉꖸꕊ ꔿꘂꘈꗢ ꔳꕩ ꔨ ꗞ ꕎ ꖏ ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꕸꖃ ꔇꔀ ꔨ ꘃꗡ ꘃ ꖏꔀ ꖸ ꗏ ꕸꖃꔀ ꗏ. ꕉꖷ ꘈꕓꕌ ꖸ ꔳꕩ ꔨ ꕦꔒ ꔎꗏ ꕎ ꖏ, ꔧ ꖳꔷꕹ ꔞꔀ ꗓꕧꕌꗡ ꕉꔒꕌꕀ ꖏꖄꕮꕊ, ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꕞ ꖴꗷ ꕢꕮ ꕪꘋꖇꔀ ꕞ ꗓꕉꕌꗡ ꗘꕀ ꕷꔒ, ꔧ ꗞ ꕔꕡ ꕮꔕ ꗱꕞ ꖷ ꖸ ꕸꖃ ꔇꔀ ꔨ ꘃꗡ ꘃ ꖏꔀ ꖸ ꗏ.
ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꗃꕎ ꔿꘂꘈꗢꕧꕌ ꕮ ꗻꔪꗳꕓ 3, 1996, ꕉꖷ ꖩꔱ ꗨꔓ ꔻꔤꕩ ꕉ ꕔ ꕮ ꕉꔤ ꔳ ꗓꕧꕌꗡ ꖏ ꕪꘋꖇꔀ ꖴꕮ ꕸꖃꔀ ꗏ, ꕉꖷ ꕉꕌ ꗓ ꘃ ꕉ ꕿꕎ ꕉ ꗏ ꖺꗝꖬ 2, 1997, ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉꕌ ꕮꕨꕧꕌ ꔇꔀ ꕦꔒ ꔎꗏ ꔝ ꖱꕞꔤ 1997 ꕾꔳꘂ ꕪꘋꗜꖺ.
ꗛꖻ ꗻꗡ ꕪꘋꗜꖺ, ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꕞ ꖦꖕꕰ ꕿ ꗱꖝꖿꔒ 21, 2009. ꕉ ꗋꘋ ꔨ ꕢꘋ 71. ꕉꕡꕌ ꕢ ꔨ ꖽꔻꔪꕿ ꗓꖺ ꕢꕔ ꕞ ꖏꕎ ꕉ ꕃꕩꔒ ꕪꘋꗜꖺ ꔛꔀ ꗡꔱ ꘃꗺꔐ ꖽꔻꔪꕿꔀ, ꖦꗛꗏ.[3]
ꖏ ꘈꗢꖸ ꖸ ꗃꕎ ꕪꘋ ꖷ ꖸ [ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ ꕮ] 1. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/msu.31293012852657 2. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015061936921 3. “ꔃꗋꘋ ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꕞ ꖦꖕꕰ ꕿ”. ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꖺꗽꕙꕌ. ꗱꖝꖿꔒ 21, 2009. 4. “ꗝꘈꔳꘂ ꕞ ꗪꗡ ꔻꔤ ꔇꔀ ꕶꗱꕢ ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꔝ”, ꕆꕇꔻꕚ ꔞꘋ ꕒꕌ ꖇꕡ ꖏꔀ ꖸ ꕧꕌ, ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꗝꘈꔳꘂ ꗏ. 5. ꕟꗃ ꖜꕟꘋ, “ꕦꔪꕚ 4: ꖏꔕꔀ ꖸ ꗪ ꔷꘃꕯ” ꕢꘋꕪꖙꖃ ꕞ ꕺꖃ ꕢꔒꔀ ꗏ:ꕉꕌ ꕮ ꘀꗫ ꗋꖺꕰꕊꕯ, ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꗞꗢ ꖸꕊ ꔞꘋꗣ, 2014.
ꗞ ꖷ ꔖꔜ ꔳꕩ ꔿꘂꘈꗢ ꕪꘋꖇꔀ ꖴꕮ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꗞ ꖷ ꗓꕎ ꕉ ꕔ ꕮ ꔐꔍ ꔵꔤ ꗅꕮꗅ 1995 – 1996 ꖩꔱ ꗨꔓ
ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꗨꗡꗽꘋꗣ ꖸ [ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ ꕮ] ꖌꗻ ꕀꘋꕃꘋ ꕟꗃ, ꔻꔳꔲꘋ ꕉꗷꘋ ꗩꔻꘋ, ꕜꕰ ꕒꔻ ꖿꖺꗟ, ꔛꕆꔻ ꔻꔪꔻ ꔪꘋ, ꗡꖦꖿ ꔛꔀ ꗐꔤ, ꔛꕆꔻ ꔻꕃꘋ ꔻꔈ, ꖌꗻ ꕀꘋꕃꘋ ꕟꗃ, ꔛꕆꔻ ꔻꔪꔻ ꔪꘋ, ꕉꘋꕿꕇ ꗍꔫꖳ ꕭꔵꕯ, ꕉꖢꔓ ꗐꖺꗓ, ꔂꕞꔓ ꕉꗐ ꗍꔫꖳ ꗘꘋꔻꘋ, ꖌꗻ ꔛꕆꔻ ꔿꔻꕮꔧ, ꔃꔷꕩꘋ ꔵꔤ ꖏꕱꕮꔧ, ꕭꔓꔻꘋ ꗍꔫꖳ ꔠꔫꔻꘋ, ꕉꗋ ꕑꕃꔒ, ꕜꕰ ꗡꖦꖿ ꕌꖿ, ꕦꔒ ꔵꔤ ꔫꔤ ꕃꘋ, ꗡꔵꔨꘋ ꕑꕃꔒ, ꔃꔷꕩꘋ ꗋꕃꕮꔧ, ꔃꔷꕩꘋ ꗋꖺꗃ, ꕢꕆꗠ ꖁꕱ, ꔀꗞ ꗓꖺꗚ, ꔐꔍ ꔵꔤ ꗅꕮꗅ, ꔃꗋꘋ ꕀꔤ ꗡꔻ ꕢꘋꕪꕴꖃ, ꖩꔱ ꗨꔓ, ꕦꔒ ꔎꗏ, ꕹꔘ ꔫꕞ, ꖱꔵ ꖜꕟꘂꘋ, ꗡꔷꘋ ꗘꘋꔻꘋ ꗻꔷꔤ, ꗘꕀ ꕮꘉ ꔨꕩ
ꖏ ꗳ ꕪꔒ ꖸ ꔽꔤ ꕮ: • 1937 ꕴꖃ ꕒꕡꕌ ꖸ • 2009 ꕘꕌ ꕒꕡꕌ ꖸ • ꗨꗡꗽꘋ ꖷ ꖸ ꔳꕩ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꖴꕮ • ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꗞꗢ ꖸ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ • ꗞ ꖷ ꖸ ꕞ ꕺꖃ ꖴꘋ ꔳꘂ ꗛꔳꘋꗋꘋ ꖳꕇꕙꔖꔎꔀ • ꕪꕌꗞꖻꗢ ꖸ ꕞꔤꔫꕩ ꖳꕇꕙꔖꔎꔀ • ꗞ ꖷ ꖸ ꗃꕎ ꗂꘋ ꕪꘋꔎꔀ • ꗞ ꖷ ꖸ ꕞ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꕪꕌ ꘃ ꖴꘋ ꔳꘂ ꖦꖕꕰ