Mmiri na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị

Dewatering /diːˈwɔːtərɪŋ/ bụ iwepụ mmiri n'ebe. Enwere ike ime nke a site na nhazi mmiri, centrifugation, filtration, ma ọ bụ usoro nkewa nke mmiri siri ike, dị ka iwepụ mmiri mmiri fọdụrụnụ na keki nzacha site na nzacha nzacha dị ka akụkụ nke usoro mmepụta ihe dị iche iche..^[1]

Ikpochapụ ihe owuwu ihe owuwu, enweghị mmiri, ma ọ bụ njikwa mmiri bụ okwu a na-ejikarị akọwa mwepụ ma ọ bụ igbapu mmiri dị n'ime ala ma ọ bụ mmiri dị n'elu ala mmiri, ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu, caisson, ma ọ bụ ogwe m, site na ịgbapụta ma ọ bụ ikpochapụ. N'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu, enwere ike mejuputa mmiri mmiri a tupu e gwupụta ala ala maka ntọala, shoring, ma ọ bụ oghere okpuru ulo iji wedata tebụl mmiri. Nke a na-agụnyekarị iji nfuli "na-agbapụta mmiri" nke nwere ike ime mmiri, nfuli centrifugal ("ihe mkpofu"), ndị nkuzi, ma ọ bụ itinye oghere n'ebe olulu mmiri. Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha azụmahịa mba ụwa Visiongain ji ahịa mgbapụta mmiri na-ekpochapụ ụwa kpọrọ ihe na $ 6.4 ijeri na 2018..^[2]

Usoro

Olulu mmiri miri emi

Olulu mmiri miri emi na-enwekarị olulu mmiri nwere oghere nwere oghere na mgbapụta ọkụ eletrik. Ka a na-esi na olulu mmiri na-agbapụta mmiri, a na-emepụta gradient hydraulic na mmiri na-abanye n'olulu mmiri ahụ na-eme ka cone nke ịda mbà n'obi na gburugburu olulu mmiri ahụ bụ nke na-enweghị mmiri dị ntakịrị ma ọ bụ nke fọdụrụ na oghere oghere nke ala gbara ya gburugburu. Olulu mmiri ndị dị omimi na-arụ ọrụ kacha mma n'ime ala nwere ikike nke k= 10−3 m/s ruo 10−5 m/s; Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke drawdown nke olulu mmiri nwere ike nweta na-ejedebe naanị site na nha nke mgbapụta azụ.^[3]

Enwere ike itinye olulu mmiri miri emi na mgbanaka gburugburu ebe a na-egwu ala iji belata mmiri ma debe ebe dị nchebe, ebe kpọrọ nkụ. Enwere ike iji ọtụtụ usoro iji mepụta usoro mmiri miri emi, agbanyeghị ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a dabere na data na-ahụ anya ma na-ada mgbe ụfọdụ. Omume na ahụmịhe, tinyere nghọta siri ike banyere ụkpụrụ ndị dị n'okpuru mmiri, bụ ngwá ọrụ kachasị mma maka ịmepụta usoro na-aga nke ọma.^[4] Ọnọdụ ụfọdụ na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịba mmiri "bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị nke na enwere ike ịmepụta ha ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ site na iwu mkpịsị aka ukwu".^[5]

Ebe Olulu Mmiri

Olulu mmiri bụ obere tubes (ihe dị ka 50 mm) nwere oghere dị nso na ala nke a na-etinye n'ime ala nke mmiri na-adọta site na ikuku nke piston na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịba mmiri. A na-etinyekarị olulu mmiri n'ebe dị nso n'ahịrị ma ọ bụ gburugburu ọnụ ebe a na-egwu ihe. Dị ka ikuku na-ejedebe na 0 bar, ịdị elu nke a ga-adọta mmiri na-ejikọta na ihe dị ka mita 6 (n'omume). ^[6] Enwere ike itinye olulu mmiri n'ụzọ dị iche iche, nke mbụ na-ebelata ọkwa mmiri ruo mita ise, na nke abụọ, nke a na-etinye na ọkwa dị ala, na-ebepụ ya. Mmiri na-asọba n'etiti olulu mmiri ndị miri emi nwere ike ịnakọta site na otu ahịrị nke isi olulu na mkpịsị ụkwụ. Usoro a na-eme ka obosara dị arọ karịa nke na-enweghị ike ịba.

A na-ejikarị ube Wellpoint adọta mmiri n'okpuru ala n'ọnọdụ ájá na ọnọdụ nkume ma ọ dịghị arụ ọrụ na ụrọ. A na-eji mgbapụta mepere emepe eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ kama ube ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ala nwere ụrọ dị ukwuu.

Mmiri na-asọpụta n'ala

Ntinye nke usoro mmiri na-agbatị agbatị dị mfe. Onye na-egwu trencher na-etinye ọkpọkọ a na-apụghị ịgbanye agbanye agbanye na-esote ọkpọkọ aka ma ọ bụ nke anụ ahụ. A na-ekpebi ogologo mmiri site na dayameta mmiri, ọnọdụ ala na tebụl mmiri. N'ozuzu, ogologo mmiri nke mita 50 bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Mgbe etinyechara paịpụ mmiri, a na-ejikọta mgbapụta na paịpụ. Mgbe e wepụrụ tebụl mmiri, ihe owuwu a chọrọ nwere ike ịmalite. Mgbe arụchara ụlọ ahụ, a na-akwụsị pọmpụ, tebụl mmiri ga-ebili ọzọ. Ịtinye omimi ruo mita 6 bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị.

Nchịkwa nke nrụgide oghere

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị injinia nwere ike iji dewatering mee ka tebụl mmiri dị n'okpuru ala dị ala, ma ọ bụ iji mee ka ala dị mmiri, ha nwekwara ike iji usoro ahụ chịkwaa nrụgide oghere n'ime ala ma zere mmebi nke ihe owuwu site na isi elu. Mmetụta dị elu na-eme n'ala nwere ezigbo silts ma ọ bụ ụrọ. Ebe ọ bụ na ala ndị a nwere obere mmiri, mmiri na-agbada n'echiche ọdịnala (ike ndọda na-abanye n'olulu mmiri) nwere ike ịdị oke ọnụ ma ọ bụ ọbụna bụrụ ihe efu. Kama nke ahụ, atụmatụ mmiri na-enyere aka, dị ka olulu mmiri, ma ọ bụ olulu mmiri miri emi nwere ike ịdọrọ mmiri n'ime olulu mmiri maka ihe omimi.^[7]

Ngwa

Ihe owuwu

Mmiri na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị na-abụkarị akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọrụ owuwu. Mmiri na-eme ka nchekwa dị mma site n'igbochi mmepụta apịtị na iwepụ ihe ize ndụ na ngwá ọrụ eletrik nke mmiri kpatara. Iwepụ mmiri na-emekwa ka ala kwụsie ike ma belata mbuze.^[8]

Nlekọta mmiri mkpofu

Na ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-adịghị mma, enwere ike iji dewatering wepụ ihe siri ike n'oge usoro ọgwụgwọ maka ịhapụ ya iche. Nke a nwere ike iwere ụdị ọkpụrụkpụ, ebe a na-ewepụ naanị mmiri ụfọdụ, ma ọ bụ na-ewepu mmiri zuru oke.^[9]

Hụkwa

Injinia geotechnical
Nchịkwa mmiri
Mmiri na-agbanyụ n'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe

Ebem si dee

↑ Alimohammadi (2020). "Characterising sediment physical property variability for bench-scale dewatering purposes". Environmental Geotechnics: 1–9. DOI:10.1680/jenge.19.00214.
↑ "Global Dewatering Pump Market to be valued at $6.4 billion in 2018" reports Visiongain. Visiongain (2019-09-05). Retrieved on 2019-09-05.
↑ CIRIA515 Groundwater control – design and practice. Spon. London. 2000.
↑ The design of groundwater control systems using the observational method. TOL Roberts and M Preene. Geotechnique 44, No. 4, 727–34, December 1994.
↑ On the analysis of dewatering systems. JK White. Proceedings of the Xth International Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, June 1981.
↑ The adaptable wellpoint. JK White. Water Services, May 1982.
↑ Roberts (2007). "Controlling clay pore pressures for cut-and-cover tunneling". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Geotechnical Engineering 160 (4): 227–236. DOI:10.1680/geng.2007.160.4.227. ISSN 1353-2618.
↑ Ruiz (2020-12-29). Dewatering and Discharge Challenges in Construction Projects and Solutions. Waste Advantage Magazine. Retrieved on 2022-09-24.
↑ Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (29 March 2019). Design Guidelines for Sewage Works: Sludge thickening and dewatering. ontario.ca. Retrieved on 2022-09-24.

[1] Alimohammadi (2020). "Characterising sediment physical property variability for bench-scale dewatering purposes". Environmental Geotechnics: 1–9. DOI:10.1680/jenge.19.00214.

[2] "Global Dewatering Pump Market to be valued at $6.4 billion in 2018" reports Visiongain. Visiongain (2019-09-05). Retrieved on 2019-09-05.

[3] CIRIA515 Groundwater control – design and practice. Spon. London. 2000.

[4] The design of groundwater control systems using the observational method. TOL Roberts and M Preene. Geotechnique 44, No. 4, 727–34, December 1994.

[5] On the analysis of dewatering systems. JK White. Proceedings of the Xth International Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, June 1981.

[6] The adaptable wellpoint. JK White. Water Services, May 1982.

[7] Roberts (2007). "Controlling clay pore pressures for cut-and-cover tunneling". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Geotechnical Engineering 160 (4): 227–236. DOI:10.1680/geng.2007.160.4.227. ISSN 1353-2618.

[8] Ruiz (2020-12-29). Dewatering and Discharge Challenges in Construction Projects and Solutions. Waste Advantage Magazine. Retrieved on 2022-09-24.

[9] Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (29 March 2019). Design Guidelines for Sewage Works: Sludge thickening and dewatering. ontario.ca. Retrieved on 2022-09-24.

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