Gender pension gap
| obere ụdị nke | gender gap  |
|---|
Ọdịiche ụgwọ ezumike nká nwoke na nwanyị (nke a makwaara dị ka ọdịiche ụgwọ ezumike nká nwoke na nwanyị) bụ ọdịiche pasent na ego ezumike nká n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke. A na-agbakọkarị ya dị ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụgwọ ezumike nká nke nwoke na ụgwọ ezumike nká nke nwanyị, nkè Ana egosiputa dị ka pasent nke nwoke. Ọdịiche ahụ dị nkezi 26% na mba OECD.[1]
Ndabere
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Margaret Franklin, bú onye isi na onye isi oche nke Chartered Financial Analysts Institute mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na 2021 na " nkewa Ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị na uru ezumike nká anaghị enweta isi akụkọ n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka ọdịiche ịkwụ ụgwọ, ma okwu ahụ ka dịkwa ngwa ngwa. Ọ dịkwa mkpa idozi ya tupu ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị enwee ịda ogbenye mgbe ha lara ezumike nká. "[2]
Ihe kpatara ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọtụtụ ihe nhazi, omenala na omume na-enye aka na ọdịiche nke ụgwọ ezumike nka, gụnyere:
- ahaghị nhata na ọkwa nke nchekwa ego ezumike nká.[3][4][5]
- ọdịiche dị n'ụgwọ ọrụ (“ụgwọ nwoke na nwanyị na-arị elu”). Nnyocha na-atụ aro na ọdịiche dị na ịrị elu ụgwọ na-enye aka na ọdịiche ezumike nká nwoke na nwanyị.[6][7]
- ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị na-apụtaghị ìhè wuru n'ime usoro ezumike nká. Ọtụtụ nde ụmụ nwanyị na-efu ụgwọ ezumike nká n'ebe ọrụ n'ihi na ha erughị eru maka ịdebanye aha ụgbọala n'ime atụmatụ ha ka ha na-arụ ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ala, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ọrụ oge[8][9]
- Ụmụ nwanyị ndị gbara alụkwaghịm nwere ike ịla n'iyi na ego ezumike nka n'ihi nke a[10]
- ojiji na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ nke ezumike ndị nne na nna. Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-atụ aro na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke na-anara ezumike nne na nna ga-ebelata ọdịiche ezumike nká.[7][11]
- enweghị ohere ịnweta nlekọta ụmụaka dị ọnụ ala. Nke a na-egbochi ohere ọrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị, na ụgwọ nlekọta ụmụaka nke ụmụ nwanyị na-akwụ na-ahapụ obere ego a na-atụfu maka ichekwa ego.[12]
- ọdịiche dị n'ịjụ ihe ize ndụ, ịnagide ihe ize ndụ ego na ọgụgụ isi ego.[13]
- ụgwọ ọnwa dị ala na ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-achị, dị ka ile ọbịa, ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ.[12]
Ngwọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Juan Yermo, onye isi ndị ọrụ nke odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke OECD, kwuru sị, "Ndị na-eme iwu kwesịrị ịza ajụjụ ma leba anya n'ihe ndị nwere ike ibute enweghị ahaghị nhata nke nwoke na nwanyị, ma kwesị ịgbalịsi ike chepụta usoro nchekwa ezumike nka na-anọpụ iche na nwoke na nwanyị."[1] Na UK, Prospect Union akpọọla oku ka gọọmentị dozie ọdịiche ezumike nká nwoke na nwanyị site na mgbanwe nke ndebanye aha na-akpaghị aka, ụgwọ ezumike nká steeti ọzọ na nlekọta ụmụaka dị ọnụ ala na mgbanwe na usoro ụtụ isi.[14] Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-enyocha data banyere ọdịiche ezumike nká na oge na-egosipụta na ọdịiche dị ugbu a na ego ezumike nká na-egosipụta ahịa ọrụ na usoro onyinye ezumike nká site na ọtụtụ afọ gara aga, ndị na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a nwere ike inwe ahụmịhe dị iche mgbe ha lara ezumike nká.[5] Ọdịiche ahụ mụbara n'ime afọ nke ọrịa covid19 mana nnwale ọhụrụ na ụdị ọrụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike inye ndị ọrụ ohere iji mejuputa iwu ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ga-agba ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ume ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ.[10][2]
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Governments need to address the gender gap in retirement savings arrangements - OECD. www.oecd.org. Retrieved on 2021-11-04.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Institute (2021-11-01). Op-ed: Gender gap in pensions is real and needs to be fixed (en). CNBC. Retrieved on 2022-02-25.
- ↑ Crawford (2021-05-11). Understanding the gender pension gap. ifs.org.uk. Retrieved on 2021-10-23.
- ↑ Gender pension gap: how women can boost their retirement pot (en). the Guardian (2021-07-31). Retrieved on 2021-10-23.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 O'Brien. Gender pension gap: why women save less - and why that's changing dramatically (en). The Conversation. Retrieved on 2021-10-23.
- ↑ Gray. Pay rise gender disparity could lead to further increase in gender pension gap (en). Pensions Age Magazine. Retrieved on 2022-02-22.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Facing an unequal future: Closing the gender pensions gap. NOW: Pensions (July 2019).
- ↑ Gender pensions gap (en-US). NOW: Pensions. Retrieved on 2021-10-23.
- ↑ O'Brien. Gender pension gap: why women save less - and why that's changing dramatically (en). The Conversation. Retrieved on 2021-11-04.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Covid widens gender pension gap by 17% (11 August 2021).
- ↑ Wider take-up of shared parental leave would reduce the impact of maternity leave on the gender pensions gap by 60% (en-US). NOW: Pensions. Retrieved on 2022-02-23.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 How to fix the gender pension gap (en). World Economic Forum. Retrieved on 2022-02-22.
- ↑ 2. Understanding the gender pension gap beyond labour market drivers through a literature review | Towards Improved Retirement Savings Outcomes for Women | OECD iLibrary. www.oecd-ilibrary.org. Retrieved on 2021-11-04.
- ↑ What is the gender pension gap? (en). Prospect. Retrieved on 2021-10-23.