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Nkwekọrịta maka iwepụ ụdị ịkpa ókè niile megide ụmụ nwanyị

akwụkwọ ikike mba ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị

 

CEDAW

Nkwekọrịta maka mkpochapụ ụdị ịkpa oke ọ bụla megide ụmụ nwanyị (CEDAW) bụ nkwekọrịta mba ụwa nakweere na 1979 site n'aka otu United Nations General Assembly.  Akọwapụtara dị ka ụgwọ ikike ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa, e hiwere ya na 3 Septemba 1981 ma steeti 189 kwadoro ya.[1]  Ihe karịrị mba iri ise ndị kwadoro nkwekọrịta ahụ emeela nke a dabere na nkwupụta, ndoputa, na mmegide, gụnyere mba 38 jụrụ mmanye isiokwu 29, nke na-ekwu maka ụzọ edozi maka esemokwu gbasara nkọwa ma ọ bụ itinye n'ọrụ nke mgbakọ ahụ.[2].  Nkwuwapụta Australia kwuru oke ike gọọmentị etiti sitere na usoro iwu gọọmentị etiti ya.  United States na Palau abanyela aka, mana ha akwadoghị nkwekọrịta ahụ.  Holy See, Iran, Somalia, Sudan, na Tonga abụghị ndị bịanyere aka na ya na CEDAW.

Ọ bụ Hilary Gbedemah bụ onye isi oche CEDAW ugbu a.[1]

Mgbakọ ahụ

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Nchịkọta

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Mgbakọ ahụ nwere usoro yiri nke ahụ na Nkwekọrịta maka iwepụ ụdị ịkpa oke agbụrụ ọ bụla, "ma n'ihe gbasara oke ọrụ ya na usoro nlekota mba ụwa."[4]  A haziri mgbakọ ahụ n'akụkụ isii nke nwere isiokwu iri ato.[5]

  • Akụkụ nke Mbụ (Isiokwu 1-6) na-elekwasị anya na enweghị ịkpa ókè, echiche mmekọahụ, na ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ.
  • Akụkụ nke Abụọ (Articles 7-9) na-akọwa ikike ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe ọha na eze na-ekwusi ike na ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nnọchiteanya, na ikike nke mba.
  • Akụkụ nke Atọ (Articles 10-14) na-akọwa ikike akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị na-elekwasị anya na agụmakwụkwọ, ọrụ, na ahụike. Akụkụ nke atọ gụnyekwara nchebe pụrụ iche maka ụmụ nwanyị ime obodo na nsogbu ha na-eche ihu.
  • Akụkụ nke Anọ (Nkebi nke 15 na 16) na-akọwa ikike ụmụ nwanyị nwere ịha nhata n'alụmdi na nwunye na ndụ ezinụlọ yana ikike ịha nhatị n'ihu iwu.
  • Akụkụ nke Ise (Nkebi 17-22) guzobere Kọmitii na-ahụ maka iwepụ ịkpa ókè megide ụmụ nwanyị yana usoro akụkọ nke steeti.
  • Akụkụ nke Isii (Nkebi 23-30) na-akọwa mmetụta nke nkwekọrịta ahụ na nkwekọrịta ndị ọzọ, mkpebi nke ndị otu steeti na nchịkwa nke nkwekọ ahụ.

Ihe Ndị Dị Mkpa

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Isiokwu 1 na-akọwa ịkpa ókè megide ụmụ nwanyị n'okwu ndị a: [2]   Nkeji edemede nke abụọ nyere iwu ka ndị otu na-akwado mgbakọ ahụ kwupụta ebumnobi ha itinye nhata nwoke na nwanyị n'ime iwu ụlọ ha, kagbuo usoro ịkpa oke niile dị n'iwu ha, ma wepụta usoro ọhụrụ iji kpuchido ịkpa ókè megide ụmụ nwanyị.[5].  Mba ndị kwadoro mgbakọ ahụ aghaghịkwa iguzobe ụlọ ikpe na ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze iji kwe nkwa nchebe dị mma nke ụmụ nwanyị megide ịkpa ókè, ma mee ihe iji kpochapụ ịkpa ókè ọ bụla nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, òtù dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ na-emeso ụmụ nwanyị.[5]

Nkeji edemede nke 3 na-achọ ka ndị otu steeti na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ikike mmadụ na Nnwere onwe ndị bụ isi "na ndabere nke ịha nhata na ụmụ nwoke" site na "ọchịchị, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba, na ọdịbendị". [2]

Nkeji edemede 8 na-enye na ndị otu steeti ga-ekwe nkwa na ụmụ nwanyị hà nhata "ohere ịnọchite anya Gọọmentị ha na ọkwa mba ụwa na isonye n'ọrụ nke òtù mba ụwa". [2]

A na-ekwe ka kọmitii ahụ nwee ọtụtụ nzukọ dịka achọrọ iji rụọ ọrụ ha nke ọma, na steeti ndị nọ na CEDAW na Odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations na-enye ikike ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nnọkọ a na-eme mgbe niile.[3] Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịme nnọkọ pụrụ iche na arịrịọ nke otu steeti na mgbakọ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ndị otu na-eje ozi na kọmitii ahụ.[1] E meela nnọkọ iri asaa na abụọ ruo ugbu a, nke kachasị ọhụrụ na-ewere ọnọdụ site na 18 Febụwarị ruo 9 Machị 2019. [4] E mere nnọkọ iri atọ na itoolu mbụ na ụlọ ọrụ Isi ụlọ ọrụ United Nations na New York City, na nnọkọ nke iri anọ na nke sochirinụ na Palais des Nations na Geneva.[2] Na nnọkọ ya mgbe niile, Kọmitii ahụ na-anụ akụkọ sitere na steeti ndị otu CEDAW banyere ọganihu ha n'ịgbaso CEDAU na itinye echiche ya n'ọrụ na mba ha.[5] Kọmitii ahụ na-ejikwa ìgwè ọrụ tupu nnọkọ iji kwurịta okwu na ajụjụ ndị kọmitii kwesịrị ịnagide n'oge nnọkọ na-esonụ.

N'okpuru edemede 18 nke CEDAW, steeti ga-agwa kọmitii ahụ maka ọganihu ha mere n'ịmejuputa CEDAU n'ime steeti ha.[3] Dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ozi kọmitii ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na-abịa site na akụkọ ndị a, e mepụtara ntuziaka iji nyere steeti aka ịkwadebe akụkọ ziri ezi na nke bara uru.[6] Akụkọ ndị mbụ na-atụle ihe oyiyi nke ịkpa ókè megide ụmụ nwanyị na steeti na-akọ akụkọ chọrọ iji dozie isiokwu ọ bụla nke CEDAW, ma nwee ihe na-erughị otu narị peeji.[1] A chọrọ ka steeti kwadebe ma gosipụta akụkọ mbụ ndị a n'ime otu afọ nke ịkwado CEDAW.[7] Akụkọ oge na-akọwapụta ọganihu steeti ahụ n'ịgbaso isiokwu nke CEDAW ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe karịrị peeji iri asaa na ise n'ogologo ma lekwasị anya n'oge a kapịrị ọnụ kemgbe akụkọ ikpeazụ nke steeti ahụ.[1] A na-achọkarị ka steeti ndị sonyere na CEDAW nye akụkọ oge ọ bụla afọ anọ, mana ọ bụrụ na kọmitii ahụ nwere nchegbu banyere ọnọdụ dị na steeti ahụ, ha nwere ike ịrịọ maka akụkọ n'oge ọ bụla.[3][7]

Tinyere ịnye akụkọ ya kwa afọ na inye ndụmọdụ nye steeti na-akọ akụkọ, kọmitii ahụ nwere ikike ịnye aro n'ozuzu nke na-akọwapụta echiche ya banyere ọrụ ndị CEDAW nyere.[6] Ka ọ dị ugbu a, kọmitii ahụ ewepụtala aro iri atọ na abụọ n'ozuzu ya, nke kachasị ọhụrụ na-ekwu maka akụkụ metụtara nwoke na nwanyị nke ọnọdụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ebe mgbaba, mba na enweghị ala nke ụmụ nwanyị. [8] Ntuziaka nke kọmitii ahụ nyere n'ime afọ iri mbụ ya dị mkpirikpi ma na-emetụta ihe dị na akụkọ steeti na nchedo maka mgbakọ ahụ.[1] Kemgbe afọ 1991, Otú ọ dị, a na-elekwasị anya na ntụziaka maka itinye CEDAW na ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.[1] Nhazi nke aro n'ozuzu na-amalite site na mkparịta ụka n'etiti kọmitii na isiokwu ahụ na aro ya na òtù dị iche iche na-abụghị nke gọọmentị na ndị ọzọ UN.[1] Onye otu kọmitii ahụ na-edezi aro ahụ ma kwurịta ya ma degharịa ya na nnọkọ ọzọ, ma mesịa nabata ya na nnọchi ọzọ.[1][6]

  1. ↑ OHCHR | Membership. ohchr.org. Archived from the original on 3 September 2013. Retrieved on 2019-06-13.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. ohchr.org. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. Retrieved on 2015-05-08. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Rules of Procedure of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women. United Nations. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved on 18 October 2012.
  4. ↑ U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women – Sessions. United Nations. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved on 6 November 2012.
  5. ↑ United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women. Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women. United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved on 21 March 2017.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women. Overview of the current working methods of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved on 18 October 2012.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Fact Sheet No. 22, Discrimination Against Women: The Convention and the Committee. United Nations. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved on 18 October 2012.
  8. ↑ Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (14 November 2014). General recommendation No. 32 on the gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women. undocs.org. United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved on 21 March 2017.
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