Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell

Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell

Frederick Alexander Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell, CH, PC, FRS (/ˈtʃɑːrwɛl/ CHAR-wel; 5 April 1886 – 3 Juli 1957) adalah seorang fisikawan Inggris dan penasehat saintifik berpengaruh untuk pemerintah Inggris dari awal 1940an sampai awal 1950an, terutama Winston Churchill. Ia mengadvokasikan pengeboman "area" atau "pengeboman strategis" kota-kota dan tempat-tempat sipil Jerman pada Perang Dunia Kedua

Daftar pustaka

Sumber sekunder

• Obituary: The Times, 4 July 1957
• Obituary: Nature 180, 579–581.
• The London Gazette
• Farmelo, Graham (2013). Churchill's Bomb: How the United States Overtook Britain in the First Nuclear Arms Race. Basic Books. 
• Furneaux-Smith, Earl of Birkenhead, Frederick (1961). The Professor in Two Worlds: The Official Life of Professor F. A. Lindemann Viscount Cherwell. London & Glasgow: Collins Clear-Type Press. 
• Harrod, R. F. (1959). The Prof: A Personal Memoir of Lord Cherwell. London: Macmillan. 
• Jones, R. V. (1978). Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence. London: Hamish Hamilton. 
• Macrae, Stuart (1971). Winston Churchill's Toyshop. Roundwood Press. SBN 900093-22-6. 
• Mukerjee, Madhusree (2010). Churchill's Secret War: The British Empire and the Ravaging of India during World War II. New York City: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-00201-6. LCCN 2010003803. OCLC 768097130.  (Lord Cherwell's role in the Bengal famine of 1943)
• Snow, C. P. (1961). Science and Government. London: Harvard University Press. 
• Washburn, Edward Wight (1921). An Introduction to the Principles of Physical Chemistry (edisi ke-2). New York: McGraw-Hill. hlm. 304.  For the Nernst-Lindemann melting point equation.
• Wilson, Thomas (1995). Churchill and the Prof. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-34615-2. 

Pranala luar

• "The Prime Minister and the Prof" Diarsipkan 2021-01-24 di Wayback Machine., episode of Malcolm Gladwell's "Revisionist History" podcast, report on history of Churchill, Lindemann, and historian Madhusree Mukerjee's review of their role in the Bengal famine of 1943 and Strategic bombing (Accessed 2017.07.17)
• The most powerful scientist ever Diarsipkan 2023-05-18 di Wayback Machine. Scientific American, Madhusree Mukerjee, August, 2010. Frederick Lindemann "ended up wielding a great deal of power during Churchill's political career, affecting policy on matters well outside the purview of science."