Dekolonisasi Afrika
Penghapusan jajahan Afrika atau dekolonisasi Afrika terjadi setelah Perang Dunia II, ketika bangsa-bangsa yang dijajah menuntut kemerdekaan dan kekuasaan kolonial menarik pemerintahan mereka dari Afrika.[1]
Penyebab
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Pada 12 Februari 1941, Presiden Amerika Serikat Franklin D. Roosevelt dan Perdana Menteri Inggris Winston Churchill bertemu untuk membicarakan dunia pasca-perang. Hasilnya adalah Piagam Atlantik.[2]
Pada 1930an, kekuatan kolonial tertanam, terkadang secara tak langsung, pada pemimpin elit kecil didikan universitas-universitas Barat dan familiar dengan gagasan-gagasan seperti penentuan nasib sendiri. Para pemimpin tersebut memimpin perjuangan kemerdekaan, dan meliputi nasionalis-nasionalis utama seperti Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya), Kwame Nkrumah (Pesisir Emas, sekarang Ghana), Julius Nyerere (Tanganyika, sekarang Tanzania), Léopold Sédar Senghor (Senegal), Nnamdi Azikiwe (Nigeria), dan Félix Houphouët-Boigny (Pantai Gading).
Lihat pula
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Catatan
sunting- ^ Birmingham, David (1995). The Decolonization of Africa. Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-540-9.
- ^ "The Atlantic Conference & Charter, 1941". https://history.state.gov. Diakses tanggal 26 January 2015.
The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration released by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on August 14, 1941 following a meeting of the two heads of state in Newfoundland.
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Referensi
sunting- Ali A. Mazrui ed. "General History of Africa" vol. VIII, UNESCO, 1993
- Chafer, Tony. The end of empire in French West Africa: France's successful decolonization (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002).
- Clayton, Anthony. The wars of French decolonization (Routledge, 2014).
- Cooper, Frederick. Decolonization and African society: The labor question in French and British Africa (Cambridge University Press, 1996).
- Michael Crowder. "The Story of Nigeria" Faber and Faber, London, 1978 (1962)
- Dávila, Jerry. "Hotel Tropico: Brazil and the challenge of African Decolonization, 1950–1980." Duke University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-8223-4855-9
- Gordon, April A. and Donald L. Gordon, Lynne Riener. Understanding Contemporary Africa (London, 1996).
- Rothermund, Dietmar. The Routledge companion to decolonization (Routledge, 2006), comprehensive global coverage; 365pp*Kevin Shillington "History of Africa" St. Martin's Press, New York, 1995 (1989)
- Khapoya, Vincent B. The African Experience (1994)
- White, Nicholas. Decolonization: the British experience since 1945 (Routledge, 2014).
Pranala luar
sunting- Africa: 50 years of independence Radio France Internationale in English
- "Winds of Change or Hot Air? Decolonization and the Salt Water Test" Diarsipkan 2012-12-11 di Archive.is Legal Frontiers International Law Blog