Pavel Lurje
Pavel (Borisovich) Lurje (Lurye, Павел Борисович Лурье)
Born 13.03.1976, Leningrad
Since 1988: Volunteer participation in archaeological expeditions around Leningrad / St. Petersburg
1993-1998: Studies at the Department of History of the Middle East and Iranian philology in the ST.-Petersburg State University.
Since 1994 – Participation in Panjakent archaeological expedition, Tajikistan (also 1996 – 1997: ethnological expeditions in Tajikistan, 1999: excavations at Ak-Beshim, Kirgizstan, 2000: excavations in Paykend, Uzbekistan)
1998-2003: PhD training course in the St.-Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies.
2004: PhD dissertation “Historico-linguistical analysis of Sogdian toponymy” under the supervision of Prof. Vladimir Aronovich Livshits (available at http://www.orientalstudies.ru/rus/index.php?option=com_publications&Itemid=75&pub=1367 , in Russian)
2004 – 2009: Post-doc fellowship at the Institute of Iranian Studies, Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, with the topic on Sogdian onomastics
2011: Publication of the project: Personal names in Sogdian texts (Iranisches Personennamenbuch, Bd. II Fz. 8, in English)
2009 – present: Head of the Section of Middle Asia, Caucasus and Crimea of the Oriental Department of the State Hermitage. Permanent exhibition on Middle Asia in antiquity and early middle ages (opened in 2010), temporary exhibition “Expedition Silk Road” in the Hermitage-Amsterdam (opened in March 2014, see http://www.hermitage.nl/en/ ).
2010 – present: head of the Panjakent archaeological expedition of the State Hermitage. Since 2009: editor and author of the Materials of the Panjakent expedition, fasc. XII – XVII, in Russian with English summary, Fasc. XVI in English
Member of the board of Societads Iranologica Europaea, member of the Corpus inscriptionum iranicarum, member of editorial board of “Manuscripta Orientalia” and “Arkheologicheskie ékspedicii Gosudarstvennogo Érmitazha”, chairman of the advisory board of the laboratory for scientific restoration and conservation of monumental art of the State Hermitage, member of the archaeological commission of the State Hermitage
Main research fields: Sogdian culture in its various aspects (archaeological and textual sources); Chorasmian language; Iranian antroponymy and toponymy; history, archaeology and arts of pre-Islamic Middle Asia.
Languages: Russian (native), English (fluent), Persian – Tajik (fluent), German (advanced)
Bibliography:
See https://hermitage.academia.edu/PavelLurje (mostly downloadable)
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Born 13.03.1976, Leningrad
Since 1988: Volunteer participation in archaeological expeditions around Leningrad / St. Petersburg
1993-1998: Studies at the Department of History of the Middle East and Iranian philology in the ST.-Petersburg State University.
Since 1994 – Participation in Panjakent archaeological expedition, Tajikistan (also 1996 – 1997: ethnological expeditions in Tajikistan, 1999: excavations at Ak-Beshim, Kirgizstan, 2000: excavations in Paykend, Uzbekistan)
1998-2003: PhD training course in the St.-Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies.
2004: PhD dissertation “Historico-linguistical analysis of Sogdian toponymy” under the supervision of Prof. Vladimir Aronovich Livshits (available at http://www.orientalstudies.ru/rus/index.php?option=com_publications&Itemid=75&pub=1367 , in Russian)
2004 – 2009: Post-doc fellowship at the Institute of Iranian Studies, Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, with the topic on Sogdian onomastics
2011: Publication of the project: Personal names in Sogdian texts (Iranisches Personennamenbuch, Bd. II Fz. 8, in English)
2009 – present: Head of the Section of Middle Asia, Caucasus and Crimea of the Oriental Department of the State Hermitage. Permanent exhibition on Middle Asia in antiquity and early middle ages (opened in 2010), temporary exhibition “Expedition Silk Road” in the Hermitage-Amsterdam (opened in March 2014, see http://www.hermitage.nl/en/ ).
2010 – present: head of the Panjakent archaeological expedition of the State Hermitage. Since 2009: editor and author of the Materials of the Panjakent expedition, fasc. XII – XVII, in Russian with English summary, Fasc. XVI in English
Member of the board of Societads Iranologica Europaea, member of the Corpus inscriptionum iranicarum, member of editorial board of “Manuscripta Orientalia” and “Arkheologicheskie ékspedicii Gosudarstvennogo Érmitazha”, chairman of the advisory board of the laboratory for scientific restoration and conservation of monumental art of the State Hermitage, member of the archaeological commission of the State Hermitage
Main research fields: Sogdian culture in its various aspects (archaeological and textual sources); Chorasmian language; Iranian antroponymy and toponymy; history, archaeology and arts of pre-Islamic Middle Asia.
Languages: Russian (native), English (fluent), Persian – Tajik (fluent), German (advanced)
Bibliography:
See https://hermitage.academia.edu/PavelLurje (mostly downloadable)
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Papers by Pavel Lurje
Manichaean manuscripts are akin to decorative Kufic script of Eastern Caliphate and Samanid state and their miniatures have been inspired largely by Sogdian murals and tiny remains of late Sasanian painting.
Further we forward a hypothesis that an illuminated copy of the famous and elusive Mani’s picture book, Arzhang in Persian poetry was an import (diplomatic gift?) from Manichaen court of Turfan Uighurs to Ghaznavides, and it was the source of inspiration of early Persian miniature artists
Key-words: Middle Iranian Book art, Manichaean illumination, Arzhang, Persian Miniature
With this material at hand, I conclude with remarks on weak representation of chief Avestan deities; on the incorporation of several foreign deities in Sogdian onomastics; on distinction between the functions of gods and heroes as seen from onomastic viewpoint; on similarities and differences of local pantheons of Sogdiana, Bactria and Chorasmia; on variation between the onomastic pantheon and the theonyms used to translate foreign gods in texts; on great variance between the heavenly sphere as represented in different media of Sogdian culture, from monumental art to personal names.
period (the high beta is the main reason for that). It is the first Kushan inscription from Takht-i Sangin unlike five Greek ones known; however, the Kushan period on the site and in the temple of the Oxus is well documented. Small parts of three lines have survived, and only for the second line a meaningful reading can be proposed: ιαβο ι “the water that…”. In this case, the fragmented inscription spoke of some water management construction on the site; likewise, the Big Surkh Kotal Bactrian inscription and perhaps the fragmented Ayrtam one speaks of water management as do many Kharoshthi well inscriptions of Kushan period.
mwt’yk in the Sogdian Nāfnāme (‘List of Nations’, Ch/So 20166, b7)
as an adjective to mwt-, that stands for Tibetan Mdo, Maδū in Arabic
sources, the name of the North-Eastern Tibet (modern Qinghai
province of China). Alongside, we examine the elusive structure of
the Nāfnāme, correct the reading cγ’ny ‘native of Chaghaniyān’ into
βrγ’ny ‘native of Farghāna’, explain fakkūj ‘1000 Chinese copper
coins’ in the account of Abū Zayd as derivation of Sogdian ptkwk
‘string containing 1000 coins’
Manichaean manuscripts are akin to decorative Kufic script of Eastern Caliphate and Samanid state and their miniatures have been inspired largely by Sogdian murals and tiny remains of late Sasanian painting.
Further we forward a hypothesis that an illuminated copy of the famous and elusive Mani’s picture book, Arzhang in Persian poetry was an import (diplomatic gift?) from Manichaen court of Turfan Uighurs to Ghaznavides, and it was the source of inspiration of early Persian miniature artists
Key-words: Middle Iranian Book art, Manichaean illumination, Arzhang, Persian Miniature
With this material at hand, I conclude with remarks on weak representation of chief Avestan deities; on the incorporation of several foreign deities in Sogdian onomastics; on distinction between the functions of gods and heroes as seen from onomastic viewpoint; on similarities and differences of local pantheons of Sogdiana, Bactria and Chorasmia; on variation between the onomastic pantheon and the theonyms used to translate foreign gods in texts; on great variance between the heavenly sphere as represented in different media of Sogdian culture, from monumental art to personal names.
period (the high beta is the main reason for that). It is the first Kushan inscription from Takht-i Sangin unlike five Greek ones known; however, the Kushan period on the site and in the temple of the Oxus is well documented. Small parts of three lines have survived, and only for the second line a meaningful reading can be proposed: ιαβο ι “the water that…”. In this case, the fragmented inscription spoke of some water management construction on the site; likewise, the Big Surkh Kotal Bactrian inscription and perhaps the fragmented Ayrtam one speaks of water management as do many Kharoshthi well inscriptions of Kushan period.
mwt’yk in the Sogdian Nāfnāme (‘List of Nations’, Ch/So 20166, b7)
as an adjective to mwt-, that stands for Tibetan Mdo, Maδū in Arabic
sources, the name of the North-Eastern Tibet (modern Qinghai
province of China). Alongside, we examine the elusive structure of
the Nāfnāme, correct the reading cγ’ny ‘native of Chaghaniyān’ into
βrγ’ny ‘native of Farghāna’, explain fakkūj ‘1000 Chinese copper
coins’ in the account of Abū Zayd as derivation of Sogdian ptkwk
‘string containing 1000 coins’
Large file (136 MB) under the link
https://app.box.com/s/q29kbei5zrj12i7auy1ulkfxsqbkyo1a
47 Shorter inscriptions Redone
Looking at the short and very short inscriptions, one can recognize that all the three words of the shortest one are repeated in the lines 2 and 3 of the inscription to the right. Further, some of its words reappear in the longest one.
The inscription to the right starts with ’yn’y “this” and ends in xcy “is”. Both are quite common in Sogdian epigraphy. I venture to read the repeated sequence as t’w (or typ, etc, also in the bigger inscription) (r’?)δy c(k)h and explain it as power-traveler, assuming that r’δyckh is a single word and is a variant of Sogdian r’δcyk. T’w “strength” is attested as personal name in the much older Upper Indus inscriptions. Alternatively one can think that typ γδy ch is a foreign name. The preceding words xywz β’y also appear in the bigger inscription; in both cases the reading is basically clear. At the first glance, β’y might be taken as III Sg opt. of the verb “to be”, the preceding xywz one can take as a variant of Sogdian xwyz /xwēž/ “wish”. The problem however is that xwyz is a verb and not noun, and in the inscription of the model “this is” any optative constructions are unlikely. With much hesitation I take it as the personal name “Let-him-wish” (of the shape of Šyr’yws “Comes nice” and Šawāfratar “Go forth” in Judaeo-Persian rendering). The sequence x-yw disagrees with Tukric vowel harmony (no **Qü) and initial β make loan name unlikely
So, the very tentative reading and translation:
1. ’yn’y xywz β’y
2. ’ty t(’)w (r)’δy-
3. ckh xcy
“This is Xüžvay and Tāw the traveler”
Left-hand one:
1. t’w
2. (r)’δy
3. ckh
“Tāw the traveler”.
46 The big inscription Redone
In the six-line inscription I am rather confident in the reading of the beginning and the end, but the middle part hardly no more than a guess.
1. pr . βγy n’(m) p(r)’yšt’y
2. (’yny β)’δ ZY nwy/’kth
3. y-p’t (?) snk n( ?)t
4. t’w pwn xywz β’y
5. pr (β)γrw’n ’δkw [tamgha]
6. ’wyz cwr ’rw’n
“In the name of God. (I?) was sent in this place (?) which is Nawekat. … Stone … Tāw, son of (???) Xüžvay. For the soul of deceased (?) Ädgü Öz Čor”. The word βāδ “place” is attested in P12 and an unpublished Manichaean itinerary. The syntax of the beginning looks broken, maybe the participle without nominal ending as a predicate is a Turkic calque. The toponym Nawēkat is happily quite clear. I cannot offer any interpretation of the word before snk “stone” (hardly zprt “holy”). I assumed initially that pwn is shortening of pwrn “full” (it is attested in Christian Sogdian). Now I offer a more risky proposal to see here Arabic ibn “son of” in the spelling pwn which is indeed attested twice in Mount Mugh documents. If that is the case, Tāw “the traveler” was son of Xüžvay, who also accompanied him. The word βγrw’n, literally “god-soul”, is used as polite “deceased” in Sogdian (cf. Persian šādrawān, Russian отдал богу душу). The name Ädgü Öz Čor is Turkic “Sweet soul – chor”. The last word could be equally understood as “soul”, ǝrwān, or “life”, ǝžwān, but “deceased” before would hint at the first option.
48 View of the gorge Redone
So, all the inscriptions of Nookat are written by one person of father and son who used peculiar words and had Iranian names. So far, I can understand, the smaller ones are their names and the longer one is perhaps an epitaph to the Turk Ädgü Öz Čor, a traveler who was not strong enough to pass through the gorge. The expression “in the name of God” indicates that the travelers were adherent to a monotheistic faith, and probably presence of pwn = Arabic Ibn would suggest their being Moslem. The expression “god-soul” for “deceased”, however, is not what one would expect in the vocabulary of a pious Moslem.
1. Panjakent, the Most Studied Sogdian City: Some New Results
2. Hisorak - Martushkat, a Town in the Mountains of Tajikistan. Main Results of the Campains of 2010-2014
3. Selected Sogdian Words and Realia behind Them
4. Interdisciplinarity in Sogdian Studies: three essays
Click on the link for audio and video files at the site of College de France
In most cases, it does not aim at giving new readings of the well-known texts, but sometimes (especially in minor epigraphy) some new photos or updated readings can be found.
Please rather consider it a chrestomathy or introduction in Sogdian epigraphy and Mount Mugh documents for students or interested amateurs.
Ed. Alim Feyzulaev, Mirsadiq Iskhakov, Pavel Lurje, Alisher Ikramov
Compiled by: Bobir Goyibov, Pavel Lurje, Alisher Begmatov, Valentina Raspopova, Gaybulla Boboyorov
(пока только сигнальный вариант / pilot edition by now only)