Naziha al-Dulaimi
 Naziha al-Dulaimi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Bagdaza, 1923 |
| ƙasa | Irak |
| Mutuwa |
Herdecke (en)  , 9 Oktoba 2007 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
University of Baghdad (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | ɗan siyasa da likita |
| Imani | |
| Jam'iyar siyasa |
Iraqi Communist Party (en) |
Naziha Jawdet Ashgah al-Dulaimi Larabci:نزيهة الدليمي, (ta rayu daga 1923, Baghda - zuwa 9 Oktoban 2007, Herdecke ) ta kasance itace farkon a gwagwarmayar mata na kasar Iraqi. Ta kafa kuma shugabar farko ta Kungiyar Mata ta Iraqi a 10-3-1952, itace mace ta farko minista a tarihin Iraki, kuma mace ta farko a majalisar Larabawa.[1], kuma itace minista mace ta farko a zamanin yanzu na tarihin Iraqi, kuma minista mace ta farko a yankin kasashen Larabawa.
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Al-Dulaimi an haife ta s shekarar 1923, wanda kakanta yabar al-Mahmudia (tsakanin Baghdad da Babylon) kuma ya zauna a Baghdad karshen karni na 19th. Ta karanta ilimin magani a Royal College of Medicine (wanda ayanzu bangare ne na Jami'ar Baghdad).[2] Ta kasance daya daga cikin mata dalibai kaɗan dake a Medical College ɗin a wancan lokaci. A wannan lokaci ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar "Women's Society for Combating Fascism da Nazism" kuma ta shiga cikin gudanar da ayyukan ƙungiyar tukuru. Bayan nan, sanda ƙungiyar ta canja suna zuwa "Gamayyar matan Iraqi," ta zama mamba na komitin zartaswan ƙungiyar.
A 1941 ta kammala karatu amatsayin likitan magani. Daga nan, Aka dauke a asibitin Royal Hospital a Baghdad, daga nan aka mata canji zuwa Karkh Hospital. Suk a tsawon wancan lokaci, ta Fuskanci cin zarafi da dama daga jami'an sarakunan dake mulki a kasar, duk a saboda tausayin da take nuna was talakawa ne da bayar da gudunmuwar kiwon lafiya ga marasa karfi wanda take bada wa dakin maganin ta dake a yankin Shawakah. Ta koma Sulaimaniyah (dake Kurdistan) bayan mata canjin aiki, dakin maganin ta ya koma kamar wani gidan masu rauni wadanda take basu taimako da kula a kyauta. Daga Sulaiminiyah ta kara samun canje canje zuwa wasu birane da yankuna na (Kerbala, Umarah).
A shekarar 1948, ta zamanto cikakkiyar mamba na Jam'iyyar Komusancin Iraqi wato Iraqi Communist Party (ICP), wanda a lokacin me hamayya da mulkin sarakunan wancan lokaci. A Janairun 1948, Dr Naziha ta kasance cikin juyayin data shahara na "al-Wathbah" akan tunkarar yarjejeniyar colonialist Portsmouth Treaty, da kuma shiga cikin wasu gwagwaayar so da kishin ƙasa.
A shekarar 1952 ta rubuta littafi mai suna The Iraqi Woman. Inda tayi rubutu akan rukunin mata da ake kira (al-fallahin), wadanda aka hana masu yancin su da suka hada da danniya da cutarwa akansu.[3] Ta kuma yi rubutu akan mata dake rukunnai mafifita waɗanda suka mallaki abun duniya, amma kuma maza ke tafiyar dasu kamar wasu ababen mallaka bawai amatsayin su na cikakkun halittar ƴan'adam ba.
Tayi kokarin farfardo da ƙungiyar Gamayyar matan Iraqi da kuma, samun taimako daga mata yan gwagwarmaya da dama, haka yasa hukuma kafa tasu ƙungiyar "Women's Liberation Society". Said bai samu karbuwa ba. A maida martani, wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka sa hannu daya hada da Dr Naziha, sai suka dauki niyyar cigaba da gudanar da ƙungiyar ko tayaya, haka, bayan canjin sunan ƙungiyar zuwa League for Defending Iraqi Woman's Rights.[3] Sai dai ƙungiyar ta fara aiki ne a 10 March 1952. Daga cikin ƙudurorin ƙungiyar sune:[4]
- Gwagwarmaya akan Ƴancin ƙasa da zaman lafiyar duniya;
- Kare hakkin matan Iraqi;
- Kariya ga yaran ƙasar Iraqi.
A ƙarƙashin jagoranci da shiga gudanarwar ƙungiyar da Dr Naziha tayi (sunan ƙungiyar ya canja zuwa Iraqi Women's League) wanda aka samar a shekaru masu zuwa kuma ya juya ya zama babban ƙungiya bayan 14 July 1958 Revolution. Tare da samun mambobi 42,000 (a cikin adadin mutane 8 million) na yawan yankasar a wancan lokaci, sun samu nasarori da dama ga matan Iraqi, musamman samun cigaban doka mai lamba Law No. 188 (1959).
A nuna jinjina ga matakai da nasarori, ƙungiyar Iraqi Women's League ta zamanto mamba na dindin-din Secretariat na International Women's Federation. An kuma zaɓe Dr Naziha zuwa Federation's assembly and executive, kuma ta zama mataimakiyar shugaba ƙungiyar ta duniya. Ta kuma zama shahararriyar mace ga mata a matakin duniya, da yankin Larabawa.
A shekarun 1950s, Dr Naziha ta shiga gudanarwar ayyukan Iraqi Peace Movement, Kuma mamba ce na komitin Peace Partisans conference wanda ya gudana a Baghdad a ranar 25 Yuli 1954. Itace mamba ce a World Peace Council.
Ta karar da lokacin a shekarun 1950s akan aiwatar da bincike da Neman kaudar da cutar Bejel bacteria wacce ta bulla a kudancin Iraq.
Bayan tunbuke mulkin sarakuna, an zabe ta daga shugaba Abd al-Karim Qasim amatsayin Minista na Municipalities a 1959 cabinet Kuma itace wacce ta wakilci jam'iyyar kumusanci wadda aka fi sani da ICP a gwamnatin republican din lokacin. Ta Kuma kasance mace minister ta farko a tarihin kasar Iraq a yanzu, Kuma mace ta farko minista a yankin kasashen Larabawa. Daga nan ta zama karamar minista a bayan samun canje-canje a gwamnatin.[2]
A lokacin aikin ta da gwamnatin, al-Dulaimi ta taka muhimmin rawa wurin canja fasalin garuruwan dake kudancin Baghdad zuwa manyan ayyukan gidaje da ayyukan cigaba wanda akai wa lakabi da suna Thawra (Revolution) Birni—yanzu Birnin Sadr. Kuma ta taimaka don samar da dokar zamani na 1959 Civil Affairs Law, wanda ya wuce lokacin wurin canja fasalin aure da samun gado ga mata, don ya bada fifiko sosai ga matan Iraqi.
A sakamakon ayyukanta mabanbanta a cikin jam'iyyar kumusancin kasar da ayyukan kishin kasa da cigaba, Dr Naziha ta fuskanci cin zarafi sosai a lokuta da dama. An tursasa mata barin kasar ta zuwa kasar waje Neman mafaka a lokuta da dama. Amma hakan bai sa ta daina shiga ayyukan neman hakkinda kishin kasa ba, da ayyukan yan'uwanta mata, a cikin fafutukan mata da yancin dimokaradiyya.
Dr. Naziha ta kasance cikakkiyar yar gwagwarmaya ce a jam'iyyar komusanci, Kuma ta bada lokacin ta ga ayyukan jam'iyyar sosai. Ind ta rike manyan matsayi a jam'iyyar da Kuma zama mamba na babban komiti din. A karshen shekara ta 1970s, sanda ake mulkin kama karya take neman aiwatar da kisa akan jam'iyyar Iraqi Communist Party, ta kasance mamba ce a Secretariat na Central Committee.
A dukkanin lokacin da take a kasar waje dan neman mafaka, takan kasance mai yawan tunani akan mutanen kasarta da kasar da irin halin da suke ciki. Akan haka ne yasa ta taka rawa sosai a jagorantar Committee for the Defense of the Iraqi People, wanda aka kafa bayan kuu na 8 February 1963. Komitin ya kasance karkashin jagorancin mawaki Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri. Har a zuwa 1990s, sanda ta tsufa da rauni, bata daina ayyuka dan cigaban mata ba, musamman a kungiyar Iraqi Women's League. Muhimmin taro data samu halarta a rayuwarta shine wani seminar akan yanayin da matan Iraqi ke ciki, wanda ya gudana a 1999 a Cologne, Germany.
Kuma ta shiga gudanar da taro na 5th Congress na Iraqi Women's League, amma kafin a gudanar (a Maris 2002) ta kamu da stroke wanda yasa ta paralyzed (shanyewar wasu sassan jiki).
Ta Kuma rasu a ranr 9 Oktoba 2007 a Herdecke tana da shekaru 84, bayan kare yaki da cutar na tsawon lokci. Ta bar kaninta Hisham al-Delaimi a raye wanda ayanzu ke zama a Tarayyar Amurka, ta Kuma bar yan'uwa da dama wadanda ke waste a kasar Iraq, Lebanon, Germany, England da kuma USA, babban su shine Dr. Layth al-Delaimy.
Mahadar waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Al-Ali, Nadje, The Iraqi Women's Movement: Past and Contemporary Perspectives, 1 Janairu 2012, Mapping Arab Women's Movements, p. 107 (Arenfeldt, Pernille, Goley, Nawar Al-Hassan, ed.).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Dr. Naziha Jawdet Ashgah al-Dulaimi | Women as Partners in Progress Resource Hub". pioneersandleaders.org. Archived from the original on 2020-03-17. Retrieved 2020-03-08.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ali, Zahra (2018-09-13). Women and Gender in Iraq: Between Nation-Building and Fragmentation (in Turanci). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-19109-9.
- ↑ "تأريخ الرابطة - رابطة المرأة العراقية". iraqiwomensleague.com. Retrieved 2020-03-08.