James Madison
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James Madison Jr.[1] (an haife shi ne a ranar 16 ga watan Maris,a shekarar 1751. ya kuma mutu ne a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni shekarar alif dari takwas da talatin da shida miladiyya 1836) shi ne Shugaban Amurka na huɗu. [2]Ya kuma kasance mahimmi a rubutu kundin Tsarin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka kuma mai mallakar bayi tare da babban shuka . [3]Madison shi ne mafi gajarta a Shugabannin ƙasa, mai tsayin 5 feet 4 inches (1.63 m).
Iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]James Madison Jr. shine babban dan Col. James Madison Sr. da Nellie Conway Madison.
Madison ya auri Dolley Todd (née Payne) a ranar 18 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 1794.
Rayuwar siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Madison ya fara aikinsa a majalisar dokokin jihar Virginia. Madison tya koyi abubuwa da yawa daga Thomas Jefferson . Madison yana son gwamnatin tarayya mai karfi ta Amurka fiye da yadda ofungiyoyin edeungiyoyi suka bayar. Ya kasance memba na taron da ya kafa Tsarin Mulkin Amurka na yanzu. Ana kiran Madison "Uba na Tsarin Mulki" saboda ya taimaka wajen rubuta babban bangarensa kuma ya rinjayi mutane cewa yana da kyau.
An zabi Madison zuwa Majalisar Wakilan Amurka . Madison ya taimaka wajen rubuta dokokin farko na Amurka. Madison kuma ya kasance babban marubucin Dokar 'Yancin, gyare-gyare 10 na farko ga Tsarin Mulki.
Madison da Jefferson abokai ne na kirki kuma sun taimaka ƙirƙirar Democratic-Republican Party waɗanda ke son raunin gwamnatin tarayya.
Jefferson ya zaɓi Madison ya zama Sakataren Gwamnatin sa .
Shugabancin kasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Madison jam’iyyarsa ta siyasa ta zabi dan takarar ɗan takarar shugaban kasa a Democratic-Republican a shekarar 1808. Ya lashe wancan zaben da kuma na gaba a shekara ta 1812.
Yaƙin shekarar 1812 ya fara yayin da Madison ke shugaban ƙasa. Madison har yanzu yana fatan samun zaman lafiya, amma Majalisa na son yaki don haka ya ba da kuma amincewa da sanarwar yaki da Birtaniyya a ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1812. Mutanen da har yanzu ke son zaman lafiya sun kira shi "Yaƙin Mr Madison". An tilastawa Madison da dangin sa guduwa a shekarar 1814 lokacin da sojojin Birtaniyya suka kwace ikon Washington DC suka kona Fadar White House, da wasu gine-gine da yawa, a kasa. Matarsa, Dolley Madison, sanannen abu ya ceci hoton George Washington daga wuta.
Yakin ya sa Madison neman mulki mafi karfi fiye da da. Duk da yake asali yana adawa da bankin ƙasa, ya fahimci cewa hakan ya zama dole kuma ya zama dole don bayar da kuɗin yaƙi. Lokacin da kundin tsarin bankin kasa ya kare, Madison ya sabunta shi.
Daga baya rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Madison ya yi ritaya zuwa Virginia bayan wa’adinsa na biyu. Madison ya mutu a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1836.
