Canjin iyawa

Samfuri:Manazarta Capacity, na ci gaba shine ra'ayin da ilimi, ci gaban yara da shirye-shirye Ci gaban Matasa da manya ke jagoranta suna la'akari da ikon yaro ko matasa don yin amfani da hakkoki a madadin kansu. Har ila yau, yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da haƙƙin ji, yana buƙatar manya suyi la'akari da alhakinsu don girmama haƙƙin yara, kare su daga lahani, da kuma samar da dama don su iya amfani da haƙƙoƙinsu. Ana amfani da manufar haɓaka ƙwarewa a duniya a matsayin madadin kai tsaye ga shahararrun ra'ayoyin ci gaban yaro da matasa.

Game da

Ma'anar haɓaka ƙarfin yaro ya fara fitowa a cikin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara. Ya samo asali ne daga fahimtar cewa ƙuruciya ba ɗaya ba ce, tsayayya, ƙwarewar duniya kuma cewa rayuwarsu tana buƙatar matakai daban-daban na kariya, tanadi, rigakafi, da shiga a matakai daban na rayuwarsu.

An nuna ra'ayin ci gaba a Mataki na Biyar na Yarjejeniyar, wanda ya ce:

States Parties shall respect the responsibilities, rights and duties of parents or, where applicable, the members of the extended family or community as provided for by local custom, legal guardians or other persons legally responsible for the child, to provide, in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child, appropriate direction and guidance in the exercise by the child of the rights recognized in the present Convention.

Mataki na goma sha biyu ya kuma yi magana game da iyawar canzawa, yana mai cewa:

States Parties shall assure to the child who is capable of forming his or her own views the right to express those views freely in all matters affecting the child, the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. For this purpose, the child shall in particular be provided the opportunity to be heard in any judicial and administrative proceedings affecting the child, either directly, or through a representative or an appropriate body, in a manner consistent with the procedural rules of national law.

Canjin iyawa ya fahimci cewa yayin da yara ke samun ƙwarewa mai ƙwarewa akwai ƙarancin buƙata don kariya da kuma yiwuwar cewa za su iya ɗaukar alhakin yanke shawara da ke shafar rayuwarsu. An ƙaddara shi ne ta hanyar ra'ayi na hakki na yara, wanda ke nuna cewa yara suna motsawa a hankali daga halin da haƙƙoƙinsu ke kare bukatunsu zuwa wanda haƙƙoƙin su ke kare zaɓin su. Yarjejeniyar ta ba da damar fahimtar cewa yara a cikin mahalli da al'adu daban-daban, kuma sun fuskanci abubuwan rayuwa daban-daban. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Yara ya nemi bayani game da mafi ƙarancin shekarun shari'a don ba da shawara na shari'a da likita ko magani ba tare da yardar iyaye ba, ƙirƙirar da shiga ƙungiyoyi, da shiga cikin ayyukan gudanarwa da shari'a lokacin da ya haɓaka jagororin da suka shafi Mataki na 1 na Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkin Yaro.

Hukumar Raya Kasa da Kasa ta Kanada ta ba da rahoton cewa akwai mahimman bayanai guda uku da za a yi la'akari da su game da damar canzawa:

1. Ya kamata a fahimci iyawar canzawa a cikin mahallin inda yara ke girma;
2. Ya kamata ci gaba da haɓaka daga girmama ƙwarewar da matasa suka riga suka samu, kuma;
3. Ya kamata manya su kare matasa daga abubuwan da suka faru da yanke shawara da ba su riga sun sami ikon ɗaukar alhakin ba.

Kyakkyawan takardun tsari misali ne na shirye-shiryen da ke haɗa ra'ayin haɓaka ƙwarewa a cikin ilimi. Dabarun na iya tallafawa malami ya ƙayyade yadda iyawar masu koyo ke canzawa a tsawon lokaci kuma ya haɓaka abubuwan da suka dace da martani don magance haƙƙin yara na ci gaba.

Za'a iya fahimtar ƙwarewar canzawa ta hanyoyi biyu daban-daban. Na farko shi ne cewa iyakancewar haƙƙin da yara ke amfani da shi yayin da na biyu ya fassara shi azaman mai motsawa don fahimtar iyawar yara ta musamman da ci gaban su. A matsayin ka'idar fassara, iyawar juyin halitta tana aiki don tabbatar da cewa ana fassara wasu tanadi a cikin Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara ta hanyar da za ta gane da kuma inganta girmamawa ga iyawar juyayi na yaro. An nuna wannan ta hanyar da Kwamitin kan 'Yancin Yara ya zana hanyar fassara tsakanin Mataki na 5 da Mataki na 29 (1), wanda ke haɗa ilimin yaro da mutuncinsa da hakkokinsa.

Dubi kuma

• Muryar matasa
• Daidaitawar tsararraki
• Haɗin gwiwar matasa / manya

Haɗin waje

• Rubutun Yarjejeniyar
• Shafin yanar gizon UNICEF game da CRC, gami da haɓaka ƙarfin