Élvio Sousa
Supervisors:
Phone: Portugal number; 291 210 548 (ext. 248)
Address: Madeira Autonomus Parlament: Rua da Alfândega, Funchal, Avenida do Mar e das Comunidades
Madeirenses, 9004-506 Funchal
Phone: Portugal number; 291 210 548 (ext. 248)
Address: Madeira Autonomus Parlament: Rua da Alfândega, Funchal, Avenida do Mar e das Comunidades
Madeirenses, 9004-506 Funchal
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Abrantes, um manuscrito inédito escrito por João Cabral do Nascimento
, poeta português natural do Funchal, nascido em 1897 e falecido
em 1978. Licenciado em Direito pela Universidade de Coimbra, foi professor,
conservador das bibliotecas e arquivos nacionais e diretor do Arquivo
Distrital do Funchal entre 1931 e 1955.
O manuscrito , que deve datar, segundo o vendedor, do ano de
1940, custou 80 euros à autarquia e foi autenticado, na altura, pelo falecido
historiador João Adriano Ribeiro.
Junta-se ao artigo um outro documento de rascunho do espólio do embaixador natural de Gaula, Armindo Castro Abreu, que atesta a robustez
de Cabral do Nascimento para o exercício do cargo de professor agregado
do 8.º ano do grupo do ensino Técnico Profissional.
Com a sua transcrição surge em complemento uma nova tese para as origens
toponímicas de Gaula, freguesia histórica pertencente atualmente
ao Município de Santa Cruz.
This investigation is focused in describing the role taken by the archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores in the knowledge of the material culture evidence after the 14th century. The chronological and cultural specificity of being discovered and settled in the early decades of the fifteenth century (characteristics that serve as the terminus post quem in the analysis, for example, of material culture), contribute to the status of "experimental field" as an important part of the Portuguese Early Modern Archaeology. The material civilization is reflected in the moments of rupture and continuity of everyday life. After the settlement regional and intercontinental trade channels, allured by the trial and by the cultivation of new products (sugar and pastel), capitalize the entry and flow of new devices and products. For example, wealthy households, include new items, imported from the "Kingdom", Europe (Spain, Italy, France, Netherlands, Holland, England, Germany) and from the Orient. Thousands of objects exhumed from a three century-old palimpsest sediment, are the source of approaching to the complex story of relations and social and economic activities. Pottery is, by far, the predominant trace. In everyday life, local and imported potteries are materialized in several tasks: the service and presentation of food and beverages; in storage and transport, for heating and lighting, personal and housing hygiene; in the leisure activity, and the artisanal and industrial use. The portrait of this everyday life results from the deductive exercise of the spaces and items exhumed. It is a story or a version - personal, private and limited – of what could have been a part of collective events at local and regional levels. The diachrony of the inhabited time, settles, in an often cluttered space, a deposit of remains of the people of the past. Faced with this repository, almost silent by nature, the most complex task was to give voice to the silence of the inhabited ground...
The history and archaeology
of a coastal fortification
The construction of Fort São José, on a small
islet off the coast of Madeira Island, was part
of the defensive fortification system of the
bay of Funchal in the eighteenth century.
According to printed sources, the fortification
dates from about 1756 started by the
engineer Francisco Colombina and completed
then by Francisco D’Alincourt. When in
the late nineteenth century, the Portuguese
government decided to extend the port of
Funchal to the larger island (The Fort of Nossa
Senhora da Conceição), much of the structure
was irreversibly destroyed.
From its foundation the fort had been in Royal
Possession, but in 1903 it was sold under Royal
Charter into prívate ownership and was
acquired by Cândido de Freitas Henriques.
It then fell into the possession of Blandy’s
Brother company, who allowed the installation
of a neon advertisement for “GAZCIDLA”
in the 1960’s.
In October, 2000 it was bought by Renato
Barros, who removed over 100 tons of rubble,
which had been dumped inside the rooms of
the fort. He gave full access and every encouragement
for the survey and excavations. The
Fort currently has a charismatic identity !
The combined excavation and structural survey
of Forte São José proved highly important
for both the fort and also for Funchal. Although
Funchal has a series of fortifications,
such as Pico, São Tiago and São Lourenço,
none has been subject to excavation. Indeed,
this excavation at São José, is the first excavation
under modern conditions in Funchal in
spite of the obvious needs of rescue archaeology.
Much of 600 years of the history must
still lie buried beneath the streets, gardens
and minor buildings of the City and these
are being progressively destroyed without
record.
The project took place between July, 2005
and January, 2013, with a multi-disciplinary
team which included archaeology assistant
Alexandre Brazão; conservation and restoration
technician Lígia Gonçalves; the biologist
Rafael Nunes and two archaeologists Élvio
Sousa and Brian Philp (who collaborated in
the archaeological intervention, recording
all structures, along with the assistance of archaeologist
Edna M. Philp).
The chronological and cultural specificity of being discovered and settled in the early decades of the fifteenth century (characteristics that serve as the “terminus post quem” in the analysis, for example, of material culture), contribute to the status of "experimental field" as an important part of the Portuguese Early Modern Archaeology.
The material civilization is reflected in the moments of rupture and continuity of everyday life. After the settlement regional and intercontinental trade channels, allured by the trial and by the cultivation of new products (sugar and pastel), capitalize the entry and flow of new devices and products. For example, wealthy households, include new items, imported from the "Kingdom", Europe (Spain, Italy, France, Netherlands, Holland, England, Germany) and from the Orient.
Thousands of objects exhumed from a three century-old palimpsest sediment, are the source of approaching to the complex story of relations and social and economic activities.
Pottery is, by far, the predominant trace. In everyday life, local and imported potteries are materialized in several tasks: the service and presentation of food and beverages; in storage and transport, for heating and lighting, personal and housing hygiene; in the leisure activity, and the artisanal and industrial use.
The portrait of this everyday life results from the deductive exercise of the spaces and items exhumed. It is a story or a version - personal, private and limited – of what could have been a part of collective events at local and regional levels.
The diachrony of the inhabited time, settles, in an often cluttered space, a deposit of remains of the people of the past. Faced with this repository, almost silent by nature, the most complex task was to give voice to the silence of the inhabited ground...
Key-words: Madeira and Azores Islands, Early Modern Archaeology, Portuguese Expansion Archaeology, Everyday Life, Material Life and Material Culture Civilization.
"
Papers
Gaula, o primeiro Grupo de Cidadãos Eleitores criado na Freguesia de Gaula,
do concelho de Santa Cruz, na Região Autónoma da Madeira. Abordam-se, ainda,
os episódios que levaram à composição original de um símbolo próprio, à
margem da interpretação da Lei Eleitoral, e ao reconhecimento, pela Juíza do
Tribunal de Comarca de Santa Cruz, como um direito constitucional.
Observou-se que o uso pioneiro de um símbolo próprio levou, curiosamente,
à interferência intempestiva da Comissão Nacional de Eleições (CNE) e da Direção
Regional da Administração Pública Local da vice-presidência do Governo e
motivou recursos para o Tribunal Constitucional pela CDU e PSD para o Tribunal
da Comarca. O uso de uma simbologia própria por parte de um Movimento,
independente da partidarite tradicional, causou, neste caso, uma intensa
urticária na CDU e no PSD. Moveram-se processos no Tribunal Constitucional,
mas sem quaisquer efeitos práticos.
O processo acabou por garantir um pioneirismo jurídico assinalável, já que
abriu portas ao uso constitucional de um símbolo próprio aos demais movimentos
portugueses, até à data limitados à simples interpretação da Lei Eleitoral,
e ao uso de uma numeração romana.
O PPG – Pelo Povo de Gaula - abriu portas ao Movimento Juntos Pelo Povo
(JPP) que viria a ser constituído em abril de 2009.
Abrantes, um manuscrito inédito escrito por João Cabral do Nascimento
, poeta português natural do Funchal, nascido em 1897 e falecido
em 1978. Licenciado em Direito pela Universidade de Coimbra, foi professor,
conservador das bibliotecas e arquivos nacionais e diretor do Arquivo
Distrital do Funchal entre 1931 e 1955.
O manuscrito , que deve datar, segundo o vendedor, do ano de
1940, custou 80 euros à autarquia e foi autenticado, na altura, pelo falecido
historiador João Adriano Ribeiro.
Junta-se ao artigo um outro documento de rascunho do espólio do embaixador natural de Gaula, Armindo Castro Abreu, que atesta a robustez
de Cabral do Nascimento para o exercício do cargo de professor agregado
do 8.º ano do grupo do ensino Técnico Profissional.
Com a sua transcrição surge em complemento uma nova tese para as origens
toponímicas de Gaula, freguesia histórica pertencente atualmente
ao Município de Santa Cruz.
This investigation is focused in describing the role taken by the archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores in the knowledge of the material culture evidence after the 14th century. The chronological and cultural specificity of being discovered and settled in the early decades of the fifteenth century (characteristics that serve as the terminus post quem in the analysis, for example, of material culture), contribute to the status of "experimental field" as an important part of the Portuguese Early Modern Archaeology. The material civilization is reflected in the moments of rupture and continuity of everyday life. After the settlement regional and intercontinental trade channels, allured by the trial and by the cultivation of new products (sugar and pastel), capitalize the entry and flow of new devices and products. For example, wealthy households, include new items, imported from the "Kingdom", Europe (Spain, Italy, France, Netherlands, Holland, England, Germany) and from the Orient. Thousands of objects exhumed from a three century-old palimpsest sediment, are the source of approaching to the complex story of relations and social and economic activities. Pottery is, by far, the predominant trace. In everyday life, local and imported potteries are materialized in several tasks: the service and presentation of food and beverages; in storage and transport, for heating and lighting, personal and housing hygiene; in the leisure activity, and the artisanal and industrial use. The portrait of this everyday life results from the deductive exercise of the spaces and items exhumed. It is a story or a version - personal, private and limited – of what could have been a part of collective events at local and regional levels. The diachrony of the inhabited time, settles, in an often cluttered space, a deposit of remains of the people of the past. Faced with this repository, almost silent by nature, the most complex task was to give voice to the silence of the inhabited ground...
The history and archaeology
of a coastal fortification
The construction of Fort São José, on a small
islet off the coast of Madeira Island, was part
of the defensive fortification system of the
bay of Funchal in the eighteenth century.
According to printed sources, the fortification
dates from about 1756 started by the
engineer Francisco Colombina and completed
then by Francisco D’Alincourt. When in
the late nineteenth century, the Portuguese
government decided to extend the port of
Funchal to the larger island (The Fort of Nossa
Senhora da Conceição), much of the structure
was irreversibly destroyed.
From its foundation the fort had been in Royal
Possession, but in 1903 it was sold under Royal
Charter into prívate ownership and was
acquired by Cândido de Freitas Henriques.
It then fell into the possession of Blandy’s
Brother company, who allowed the installation
of a neon advertisement for “GAZCIDLA”
in the 1960’s.
In October, 2000 it was bought by Renato
Barros, who removed over 100 tons of rubble,
which had been dumped inside the rooms of
the fort. He gave full access and every encouragement
for the survey and excavations. The
Fort currently has a charismatic identity !
The combined excavation and structural survey
of Forte São José proved highly important
for both the fort and also for Funchal. Although
Funchal has a series of fortifications,
such as Pico, São Tiago and São Lourenço,
none has been subject to excavation. Indeed,
this excavation at São José, is the first excavation
under modern conditions in Funchal in
spite of the obvious needs of rescue archaeology.
Much of 600 years of the history must
still lie buried beneath the streets, gardens
and minor buildings of the City and these
are being progressively destroyed without
record.
The project took place between July, 2005
and January, 2013, with a multi-disciplinary
team which included archaeology assistant
Alexandre Brazão; conservation and restoration
technician Lígia Gonçalves; the biologist
Rafael Nunes and two archaeologists Élvio
Sousa and Brian Philp (who collaborated in
the archaeological intervention, recording
all structures, along with the assistance of archaeologist
Edna M. Philp).
The chronological and cultural specificity of being discovered and settled in the early decades of the fifteenth century (characteristics that serve as the “terminus post quem” in the analysis, for example, of material culture), contribute to the status of "experimental field" as an important part of the Portuguese Early Modern Archaeology.
The material civilization is reflected in the moments of rupture and continuity of everyday life. After the settlement regional and intercontinental trade channels, allured by the trial and by the cultivation of new products (sugar and pastel), capitalize the entry and flow of new devices and products. For example, wealthy households, include new items, imported from the "Kingdom", Europe (Spain, Italy, France, Netherlands, Holland, England, Germany) and from the Orient.
Thousands of objects exhumed from a three century-old palimpsest sediment, are the source of approaching to the complex story of relations and social and economic activities.
Pottery is, by far, the predominant trace. In everyday life, local and imported potteries are materialized in several tasks: the service and presentation of food and beverages; in storage and transport, for heating and lighting, personal and housing hygiene; in the leisure activity, and the artisanal and industrial use.
The portrait of this everyday life results from the deductive exercise of the spaces and items exhumed. It is a story or a version - personal, private and limited – of what could have been a part of collective events at local and regional levels.
The diachrony of the inhabited time, settles, in an often cluttered space, a deposit of remains of the people of the past. Faced with this repository, almost silent by nature, the most complex task was to give voice to the silence of the inhabited ground...
Key-words: Madeira and Azores Islands, Early Modern Archaeology, Portuguese Expansion Archaeology, Everyday Life, Material Life and Material Culture Civilization.
"
Gaula, o primeiro Grupo de Cidadãos Eleitores criado na Freguesia de Gaula,
do concelho de Santa Cruz, na Região Autónoma da Madeira. Abordam-se, ainda,
os episódios que levaram à composição original de um símbolo próprio, à
margem da interpretação da Lei Eleitoral, e ao reconhecimento, pela Juíza do
Tribunal de Comarca de Santa Cruz, como um direito constitucional.
Observou-se que o uso pioneiro de um símbolo próprio levou, curiosamente,
à interferência intempestiva da Comissão Nacional de Eleições (CNE) e da Direção
Regional da Administração Pública Local da vice-presidência do Governo e
motivou recursos para o Tribunal Constitucional pela CDU e PSD para o Tribunal
da Comarca. O uso de uma simbologia própria por parte de um Movimento,
independente da partidarite tradicional, causou, neste caso, uma intensa
urticária na CDU e no PSD. Moveram-se processos no Tribunal Constitucional,
mas sem quaisquer efeitos práticos.
O processo acabou por garantir um pioneirismo jurídico assinalável, já que
abriu portas ao uso constitucional de um símbolo próprio aos demais movimentos
portugueses, até à data limitados à simples interpretação da Lei Eleitoral,
e ao uso de uma numeração romana.
O PPG – Pelo Povo de Gaula - abriu portas ao Movimento Juntos Pelo Povo
(JPP) que viria a ser constituído em abril de 2009.
Fernando Castro and Élvio Sousa
Abstract:
Global Pottery 1st International Congress on Historical Archaeology and Archaeometry for Societies in Contact, Barcelona, 7 e 9 de Maio de 2012.
Archaeological prospecting conducted in 2008 in Lameiros, São Vicente led to the identification of an unusual pottery production site with oven, whose dating can go back to the 19th Century.
The pottery centre has supplied a considerable area in the northern part of the Island of Madeira through the local markets, merchants and coastal shipping. The typological universe include containers for storage of liquids and solids, with printed and carved decoration, as well as tiles and bricks.
A chemical characterization of samples of ceramic fragments obtained from the archaeological prospecting, as well as for local clays, was done by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for 13 different chemical elements. With the analytical results, chemical groups have been determined by a multivariate statistical analysis of the hierarchical clustering type. The results allowed to form two groups, slightly different from each other, the first one with 47 samples, the second with 13 samples. Local clays are well included in the first group, even if relevant scattering has been observed in some minor elements, like calcium and manganese. The two groups differ especially in iron and titanium contents, the other elements showing a quite similar chemical composition pattern.
This work allowed to obtain a full characterization of local pottery productions from São Vicente, Madeira, enabling to help in the determination of the origin of archaeological ceramic fragments found in that island and elsewhere.