Taking forward national action through national Roma strategic frameworks

Member States are invited to develop, adopt and implement national Roma strategic frameworks including:

ocommon features

ominimum commitments which should apply to all

opossible additional commitments depending on the national context

omore ambitious commitments for Member States with large Roma populations

Proposals for these elements are set out below. Where possible, specific national targets should be set. The Commission will assist this process with all necessary guidance. It will also support

national measures including by enforcing equality legislation, mainstreaming Roma equality, inclusion and participation in EU policy initiatives, mobilising EU funds for Roma and combating antigypsyism.

Member States are invited to complete the development of these national frameworks by September 2021, and to share these with the Commission.

The national strategic framework should set out:

a)national baselines and targets towards the EU objectives and targets based on a comprehensive needs-assessment;

b)targets and measures for specific groups (Roma children, women, young people, older Roma or those with disabilities, EU mobile citizens, non‑EU nationals, stateless Roma) to reflect diversity among Roma, including gender‑responsive and child/age‑sensitive measures;

c)measures to tackle antigypsyism and discrimination (e.g. through national anti‑racism action plans);

d)measures to ensure the socio-economic inclusion of marginalised Roma, in particular in the areas of education, employment, health and housing;

e)a combination of targeted and mainstream measures taking account of specific local challenges and explicitly addressing the barriers that deprive Roma of equal access to mainstream policies 28 ;

f)a dedicated budget for implementation and monitoring 29 making full use of social innovation and private capital;

g)mechanisms for reporting, monitoring and evaluating progress towards set targets;

h)a system of policy‑relevant consultation and cooperation with Roma and pro‑Roma civil society, sectoral ministries, equality bodies, other national human rights institutions and other stakeholders; and

i)capacity‑building to promote the active participation of civil society in all stages of policy‑making and ensure its involvement in national and EU platform processes 30 .

The National Roma Contact Points (NRCP) should:

a)be given a mandate, sufficient resources and staff to ensure ongoing coordination and monitoring; and

b)present a regular progress report and participate in core activities of the NRCP network managed by the Commission 31 .

The national strategic framework should also set out:

a)national quantitative and qualitative targets for all seven EU objectives and associated targets (depending on data availability);

b)how EU and national funds and financial instruments will be invested for Roma; and

c)how institutional or administrative reforms will contribute to equality and inclusion.

The National Roma Contact Points (NRCP) should also carry out a mid-term evaluation and review of the national strategic framework.

The national strategic framework should also:

a)present a plan or set of measures for preventing and fighting antigypsyism and discrimination, segregation in education and housing, and anti‑Roma prejudices and stereotypes (including online);

b)mainstream Roma equality and inclusion at regional and local levels; and

c)set out how EU and national funds and financial instruments will be invested for inclusive mainstream policy reform and targeted action.

The role of the NRCP should be strengthened, so that it can:

a)count on a dedicated team and institutional mandate that ensures political weight, effective cross-sectoral coordination and mainstreaming of Roma equality and inclusion at regional and local levels;

b)be involved (by EU fund managing authorities) in the coordination of cross-governmental discussions on the distribution of EU funds for Roma, and in systematic monitoring of their use (e.g. through monitoring committees, Roma inclusion impact screenings);

c)ensure national consultation and dialogue empowering Roma (in particular young people and women); and

d)ensure that public policies and universal services reach out to Roma effectively, including those living in remote rural areas (e.g. emergency and medium‑term measures in times of crisis, legislative reform, policy planning on education, employment, healthcare, housing, other areas of socio-economic inclusion, social services, transport, minimum income systems, anti‑discrimination legislation).

Tackling antigypsyism

Thanks to the work of the Alliance against Antigypsyism, the European Parliament and the Council of Europe 1 , there is emerging consensus that antigypsyism (a specific form of racism against Roma) contributes to persistent Roma exclusion. As antigypsyism and exclusion form a vicious circle, they should be tackled together. Fighting discrimination and antigypsyism will contribute to the success of inclusion measures, which in turn will foster greater openness and acceptance in society. Fighting antigypsyism and promoting diversity and inclusion require the participation of society as a whole, Roma and non-Roma communities alike. They involve Roma empowerment and tackling mainstream (including institutional) attitudes and behaviour. Equality bodies could be privileged partners for National Roma Contact Points (NRCP) in providing standards for implementation and championing the stronger anti‑discrimination focus in strategies.

National Roma strategic frameworks should:

·include a stand‑alone focus on the fight against antigypsyism, in order to:

1)    recognise antigypsyism and the responsibility to act against it;

2)    recognise the historical dimensions of antigypsyism, in particular the Roma Holocaust; raise awareness of Roma history and promote reconciliation;

3)     raise awareness of the mutual benefits of diversity and inclusion; construct positive narratives; foster role models; support inter-community encounters and inter-cultural learning to fight stereotypes and misinformation about Roma in education, the media, the arts, culture and history;

4)    fight discrimination as a manifestation of antigypsyism;

5)    combat hate speech and hate crime as manifestations of antigypsyism and encourage the reporting of bias‑motivated crime, harassment and violence;

6)    promote access to justice for victims of antigypsyism and discrimination;

7)    raise awareness among Roma of their rights; and

8)    dismantle and prevent systemic/institutional/structural discrimination 2 experienced by Roma;

·prevent and fight antigypsyism as a cross-cutting/horizontal priority in all sectoral policy areas, in order to:

1)    fight segregation, bullying and harassment in education; sensitise school staff;

2)    fight discrimination in (access to) employment and sensitise employers;

3)    fight discrimination in access to good‑quality healthcare; eliminate parallel, segregated services; prevent human rights violations (e.g. forced abortion and forced sterilisation); sensitise healthcare workers;

4)    fight spatial segregation; prevent forced evictions without alternative housing; sensitise authorities; and

5)    regularly collect equality data (data on experiences of discrimination; data from equality bodies on incidents of discrimination).

Fighting multigenerational poverty
(with a child protection focus and better use of EU funds)

Tackling multigenerational poverty and exclusion is crucial to improving the situation of marginalised Roma. Exclusion and discrimination in access to education, employment, healthcare and housing affect children’s development and may in turn affect their future parenthood, leading to further disadvantage for their own children. The vicious circle of exclusion and discrimination is bound to continue unless there is significant intervention to address comprehensively the root dynamics and plan a better future for the next generation. This requires a focus on children and must be sustained over time.

National Roma strategic frameworks should:

·mobilise relevant expertise at all levels of governance to formulate child protection measures; allocate adequate resources to early childhood education and care and education (e.g. scholarships, mentorships, after‑school support), nutrition, personal development and work with families;

·encourage participation in early childhood education and care;

·protect women, children and youth through strategies to fight crimes such as trafficking in human beings, including for all forms of exploitation as relevant (sexual exploitation, labour exploitation, forced begging and the exploitation of criminal activities for forced and exploitative sham marriages), and enable their access to assistance, support and protection;

·improve access to community - and family - based services for people with disabilities and children deprived of parental care; strengthen measures to prevent institutionalisation through support for families in precarious situations and people with disabilities;

·ensure the long‑term sustainability of support measures for children and their families, so as to improve conditions for the next generation;

·base the planning of financial support and investment on accurate analysis of the root causes of marginalisation (socio-economic exclusion and discrimination); collect more granular evidence through systematic evaluations and analysis of the types of national, regional and local intervention that (do not) work and why, to deepen understanding of the obstacles to inclusion; involve all stakeholders (local authorities, civil society, Roma/non-Roma stakeholders with possibly diverging views) in analytical work;

·analyse the use of EU funds in cooperation with managing authorities – if monitoring reports find that funds have not been used effectively to achieve inclusion goals, engage with local/managing authorities and stakeholders to understand why and address any obstacles that are identified; and

·establish close links between NRCPs and the authorities responsible for monitoring EU funds; ensure that the use of EU funds for Roma creates real opportunities for participation and has the intended day‑to‑day impact for them, rather than benefiting other interests.

Promoting Roma participation

Roma participation in shaping public affairs is a pre-condition and an enabler of equality and inclusion, and promotes democratic and efficient governance. Roma participation and empowerment are about giving people a voice and enabling them to act in new, life-affirming ways. Inclusion opens the way for action and gives people the opportunity to participate. Participation and empowerment are principles and processes for bettering people’s living conditions and life outcomes. Supporting meaningful Roma participation in policy-making at local, national and EU level is a pre‑condition for tackling exclusion. Roma-led and pro-Roma civil society organisations are particularly important actors. When coordinating the development of national strategic frameworks, NRCPs are encouraged to promote participatory models, e.g. by facilitating thematic working groups that develop needs assessment, priorities, targets, action in key fields, bringing together national, regional, local and non‑governmental actors, and ensuring Roma participation. These models and structures could subsequently be used for monitoring and evaluating implementation.

National Roma strategic frameworks should:

·set out minimum compulsory aspects and channels of Roma participation in policy development, implementation and monitoring, and the programming of EU funds, including by written protocols of participation setting out the mandate (scope and nature of engagement), composition (principles for selecting members), working methods and expected outcomes of consultation and participation bodies, with a view to ensuring effective cooperation, trust and accountability 3 ;

·create opportunities for Roma communities’ empowerment at the local level to enable community ownership and action aimed explicitly at bringing about social and political change. Mobilising communities should be seen as a deliberate inclusive and participatory process involving Roma people, local authorities and organisations;

·ensure that Roma are represented in all their diversity (including nationals and non-nationals, marginalised and integrated, women, children and young people) in policy and consultation processes;

·improve local action by engaging more Roma professionals to act as mediators and help overcome the persistent lack of trust between Roma and majority communities;

·promote civil society cooperation between Roma-focused and mainstream organisations, especially those targeting children’s, young people’s and women’s rights;

·use EU and other funds to provide regular capacity‑building support (in equality screening, participation, etc.), in particular for grassroots and local civil society; and

·in countries with a significant Roma population:

opromote positive action to increase Roma participation in national and local administration in the fields of equality and inclusion, research, etc.; and

oconsider establishing national Roma umbrella organisations for sustained consultation and participation in policy discussions. These should receive core institutional grants from national governments or regular civil society support funds.

Reflecting diversity

It is crucial to recognise the diversity among Roma people and communities when designing national strategic frameworks. The EU Roma strategic framework promotes empowerment of Roma women, young people and children (and Roma living with disabilities, elder Roma, LGBTI+ Roma and EU mobile citizens) to overcome socio‑economic gaps, fully exercise their rights, realise their potential and be active agents of change.

National Roma strategic frameworks should:

·assess the needs and situation of all (including non-national, non-EU and stateless) Roma;

·address multiple discrimination and intersectionality, which increase the severity of exclusion;

·target the most marginalised Roma groups with inclusion and anti-poverty measures (without excluding other groups in a similar situation) and address all Roma with measures promoting participation, and Roma and non-Roma with measures preventing and fighting antigypsyism and discrimination;

·establish specific goals and targeted measures for Roma women, children and young people, those with disabilities, elder Roma, EU mobile citizens, stateless Roma and those from non‑EU countries (as relevant) and break down indicators by sex and age;

·address the gender dimension in all areas, especially education, employment, healthcare, child support and fighting (multiple) discrimination, including (domestic) violence and exploitation; promote participation and ensure that measures are gender‑responsive;

·support Roma women’s access to justice to prevent/overcome domestic violence and other human rights violations;

·engage in transnational cooperation to tackle the challenges and opportunities arising from transnational mobility of Roma more effectively, ensuring access to education, employment, housing, healthcare and other social services; and

·end statelessness among Roma by ensuring universal birth registration and access to identity documents, formal statelessness determination procedures and universal access to services.

Combining mainstream and targeted approaches

While anti‑Roma discrimination and exclusion justify a continued targeted approach, the aim of targeting is to promote effective inclusion and equality for Roma in all spheres of life. That pre‑supposes inclusive reform of mainstream policies, which requires a smart combination of targeted and mainstream approaches. Targeted policies should be temporary and serve to mitigate the additional disadvantages and discrimination that Roma face. Targeting should be explicit (though not necessarily based on ethnicity), but not exclusive, i.e. not exclude non-Roma in the same situation.

National Roma strategic frameworks should:

·spell out how the specific targeted measures (safeguards) address the barriers that prevent Roma from accessing and benefiting from mainstream policies, and how public policies are made more inclusive of Roma;

·promote access to rights and mainstream services for Roma with additional targeted support, but without creating permanent parallel structures;

·target intervention territorially to ensure that it takes account of local conditions; combine territorial and social group targeting in broad interventions (e.g. to tackle extreme poverty) and ensure that they reach the Roma population;

·in countries with a significant Roma population:

osubject key mainstream policy measures to screening/audit to assess their impact on Roma equality and inclusion;

oset out how EU funds will be used for inclusive reform of mainstream policies (e.g. desegregation in education or housing) and for targeted action; and

oset out arrangements for mainstreaming Roma equality, inclusion and participation at regional and local levels.

Upscaling measures to prevent/mitigate the disproportionate impact of crises on Roma

All the core challenges facing the EU today (including the coronavirus pandemic, climate change, and the green and digital transitions) have a Roma equality and inclusion dimension. Particular care should be taken to ensure that discriminated and marginalised groups, in particular among Roma, are not forced to bear a disproportionate share of the burden from crises and transitions, and that emergency responses and longer‑term growth strategies involve targeted additional support for their inclusion. Lessons should be learned from the coronavirus pandemic, which affected marginalised Roma communities disproportionately and saw them exposed to the worst short-term health and medium/long-term economic impacts. National Roma strategic frameworks should help mitigate the effects of the coronavirus crisis and equip us better to deal with any such occurrence in the future.

National Roma strategic frameworks should:

·plan effective data collection and monitoring of socio-economic impacts (by age, sex and medical need) to ensure effective and tailored policy measures that respond to the existing/future pandemics;

·take account of short-, medium- and long-term needs and involve those concerned in developing and implementing measures;

·support local authorities’ efforts to address the most immediate needs of Roma communities (e.g. access to shelter, including food and water, access to free health services and financial support for Roma families in precarious economic situations);

·prioritise efforts to tackle structural inequalities and Roma communities’ lack of access to basic services and infrastructure;

·ensure that measures and/or actions using EU and national funding reach out to and address the needs of the most marginalised and disadvantaged communities;

·promote access to safe and clean drinking water for Roma 4 ;

·improve access to sanitation and ensure the continuity of basic utility services in the event of a pandemic;

·promote health literacy in the Roma population;

·promote the dissemination of accurate, clear and evidence-based information and awareness-raising campaigns as effective tools against discrimination and xenophobia;

·provide for regular monitoring of environmental conditions and risks specifically affecting disadvantaged Roma communities and take action to remedy hazardous or unhygienic conditions; and

·promote consistency between emergency and recovery measures, and mainstream initiatives such as the ‘green deal’, digitalisation, the European pillar of social rights, the Sustainable Development Goals, the European Semester and mainstream strategies, programmes and reforms.

Ensuring digital inclusion

As the coronavirus pandemic forced schools, campuses and offices to close, everyone turned to the internet for a lifeline. The mass shift to online education and telemedicine, etc. assumed that everyone had internet access. However, the crisis revealed startling global disparities in online and distance learning. Roma are often located in rural areas, areas that are still in behind when it comes to access to high speed broadband infrastructures. For marginalised Roma with little or no access to IT equipment or digital literacy, its impacts brought to light deep-seated structural inequalities, translating into risks of Roma children underperforming and lagging behind in their school work and adults being deprived of real‑time information and job opportunities. Underlying challenges linked to inequality, discrimination and exclusion in the digital age must be tackled, to ensure that no‑one is left behind. The successful deployment of digital technologies and Europe’s resilience and social fairness depend on people having access to the necessary infrastructure, equipment and digital skills.

National Roma strategic frameworks should:

·tackle the digital exclusion of Roma by providing access to digital technologies, in particular access to and support for online and distance learning if education and training institutions close, as during the coronavirus pandemic;

·encourage synergies with other policy initiatives (especially those concerned with online public, e‑government and commercial services), so as to improve the usability of public services and promote inclusive e‑government, with specific measures to deliver public services to and connect Roma with a special attention to rural areas;

·boost digital skills and competences 5 among Roma by:

1)    improving access to digital equipment and network connections (e.g. public internet access points in deprived areas);

2)    promoting basic digital skills and competences in a lifelong learning perspective and offering respective training;

3)    improving Roma’s quality of use and participation in the information society; and

4)    promoting the reporting of online discriminatory practices in access to and the use of services;

5) embedding digital literacy initiatives in local socio-economic contexts, adapting them to the specific needs and conditions of Roma communities;

6) encouraging and supporting digital literacy 6 initiatives that:

-stimulate motivation and awareness as regards using the internet;

-are affordable and sustainable;

-feature content and delivery modes adapted to Roma (new teaching methods, informal learning, etc.); and

-are accessible and usable;

·encourage the use of digital solutions for healthcare, for both patients and healthcare professionals, in order to ensure continuity of care and safe means of treatment; and

·revisit strategic frameworks for digital inclusion to assess barriers experienced by Roma.

Delivering environmental justice

The environmental discrimination 7 faced by numerous Roma communities is coming to public attention. This long‑neglected reality has revealed its disproportionate effects during the coronavirus pandemic, which saw marginalised communities more vulnerable to contamination and other associated health issues. Health risks are compounded by inadequate living conditions and segregation, pushing Roma even further into socio-economic exclusion.

National Roma strategic frameworks should:

·recognise and tackle environmental discrimination, in particular as it affects marginalised Roma communities in segregated areas (as a manifestation of antigypsyism); promote understanding of how environmental discrimination and a lack of environmental services force marginalised Roma to live in environmentally degraded areas;

·focus on access to water, adequate sanitation, waste collection and management services, and fight persisting spatial segregation as a cause of environmental discrimination in the field of housing and essential services;

·tackle insufficient access of Roma to green living areas with recreational value;

·prevent environmental health risks and tackle the health impact of exposure to pollution and contamination; and

·ensure occupational health and safety for those working in less favourable environmental conditions.

Promoting (awareness of) Roma arts, history and culture

Roma art, history and culture are integral features of our European and national landscapes. However, over centuries, portrayals of Roma culture and identity have been romanticised and stereotyped, and this has exacerbated the alienation of Roma communities from mainstream societies. Cultural recognition should be built through Roma narratives.

National Roma strategic frameworks should:

·recognise and raise awareness and Roma ownership of the contribution of Roma art and culture to national and European heritage;

·support platforms to facilitate contacts between Roma and non-Roma at local level through the promotion of traditional and modern Roma arts, crafts and culture, and knowledge about Roma history;

·promote awareness-raising activities in cooperation with media operators in support of a self‑constructed Roma identity and cultural heritage;

·combat anti‑Roma prejudice and stereotypes;

·designate and commemorate 2 August as European Roma Holocaust Memorial Day, to commemorate the victims of the Roma genocide in World War II;

·promote an integrated approach to Holocaust commemoration, by remembering the fate of the Roma on International Holocaust Memorial Day (27 January, the day on which the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp was liberated);

·integrate Roma communities in national cultural narratives, by including Roma arts, history and culture in collections in national archives, museums and permanent art exhibitions; allocate appropriate resources to preserving, conserving and developing Roma arts and culture, including through the promotion of festivals;

·include the Romani language and Roma history in school curricula and textbooks for both Roma and non-Roma students; promote multicultural awareness‑raising activities and campaigns in schools; and

·provide opportunities for empowerment and support Roma entrepreneurs and self-employed individuals with local businesses that promote Roma traditions and culture.

Promoting social innovation and policy experimentation

Social innovation and policy experimentation constitute new approaches from the field of social change that encompass ideas, practices and initiatives that intervene at the various levels of a system to catalyse deep shift and lasting positive impact. As such, they can be meaningful tools to promote Roma equality, inclusion, participation and empowerment.

EU policy defines ‘social innovation’ as activities that are social both as to their ends and means, and which relate to the development and implementation of new ideas (concerning products, services and models) that simultaneously meet social needs and create new social relationships or collaborations, thereby benefiting society and boosting its capacity to act 8 . ‘Social policy experimentations’ mean policy interventions that offer an innovative response to social needs, implemented on a small scale and in conditions that enable their impact to be measured, prior to being implemented in other contexts or on a larger scale, if the results prove convincing 9 .

National Roma strategic frameworks should:

·support emergence of national alliances for learning and innovation for inclusion – bringing together actors from across the ecosystem (relevant Roma practitioner organisations together with business/industry, social incubators and change-makers’ networks, embassies, research organisations);

·launch joint co-creation processes with national/regional stakeholders, philanthropy and social purpose organisations to identify needs, available resources and opportunity for joint systematic action (including with available EU advisory support);

·support incubation of outcome-oriented projects addressing key social service areas (access to housing, utilities, basic public infrastructure and services etc.);

·catalyse and accumulate learning on working approaches on the different topics/sectors, while activating and capacitating key actors from the different sectors (public, private, civil) for joint collaboration;

·experiment with social policies (e.g. providing basic income guarantees) to generate models and test alternative delivery mechanisms for welfare benefits;

·explore mobilisation of private capital, and the pooling of funds with e.g. philanthropic organisations through possible matching schemes, to respond to unaddressed needs of the most vulnerable;

·explore new service or delivery models and expanded provisioning through outcome-oriented partnerships;

·support pooling and integration of targeted and flexible funding; and

·support the establishment of social innovation competence centres (to be supported through ESF+ transnational activities) and give mandate to support Roma inclusion needs.

Horizontal objectives

EU headline indicators

SDG relevance

1

Fight and prevent antigypsyism and discrimination 2

1

Share of people who felt discriminated against because of being Roma in any of the areas covered in the survey in the past 12 months

SDG 10.3.1

SDG 16.b.1

2

Share of general population who feel uncomfortable having Roma as their neighbours

2

Reduce poverty and social exclusion 

3

At-risk-of poverty rate (below 60% of median equivalised income after social transfers)

SDG 1.2.1

3.1

Children< 18 at-risk-of poverty

SDG 1.2.2

4

Share of people living in a household in severe material deprivation (cannot afford 4 out of 9 items, e.g. food, inviting friends, etc.)*

SDG 1

4.1

Children < 18 living in severe material deprivation*

SDG 1

3

Promote participation by empowerment, building cooperation and trust

4

Share of people who felt discriminated against (in any area) in the last 12 months and reported the last incident of discrimination because of being Roma

5

Active citizenship and participation indicators TO BE DEVELOPED

Sectoral objectives

EU headline indicators

SDG relevance

4

Increase effective equal access to quality inclusive mainstream education

6

Share of children aged from 3 up to the age of starting compulsory primary education who attend early childhood education and care

SDG 4.2.2

7

Share of people aged 20-24 who completed at least upper secondary education

SDG 4.3

8

Share of children aged 6-15 who attend schools where ‘all or most of schoolmates are Roma’ as reported by the respondents (selected countries only)

5

Increase effective equal access to paid quality and sustainable employment

9

Share of people who self-declared their main activity status as ‘paid work' (including full-time, part-time, ad hoc jobs, self-employment and occasional work or work in the past four weeks), 20-64 years old

SDG 8.5

10

Share of young people aged 15-29*** whose current main activity is ‘neither in employment, education or training' (NEET)

SDG 8.6.1

11

Gender employment gap: difference in the paid work rate between women and men, 20-64 years old

SDG 8.5

6

Improve Roma health and increase effective equal access to quality healthcare and social services

12

Difference in life expectancy at birth (general population vs. Roma)

13

Share of people who have restricted access to health and social services, TO BE DEVELOPED

7

Increase effective equal access to adequate desegregated housing and essential services 3

14

Share of people living in housing deprivation (living in an apartment that is too dark, with a leaking roof/damp walls, floors, no bath/shower, no indoor toilet)

SDG 11.1

15

Share of people living in household that does not have the minimum number of rooms according to Eurostat’s definition of overcrowding

16

Share of people living in households without tap water inside the dwelling (selected countries only)

SDG 6.1.1

Headline indicators:

General population

1)Share of people who felt discriminated against because of being Roma in any of the areas covered in the survey in the past 12 months

Potentially FRS 5

SDG 10.3.1 and 16.b.1

2)Share of general population who feel uncomfortable having Roma as their neighbours

FRS

Outcome indicators

Secondary (optional)

Indicator

General population

Share of people aged 16+ who have experienced hate-motivated harassment at least 5 acts because of being Roma in the 12 months before the survey

n.a. / potentially FRS

SDG 10.3.1

SDG 16.b.1

Share of people aged 16+ (out of all respondents) who were physically attacked because of being Roma in the past 12 months

n.a. / potentially FRS

SDG 16.1.3

Process indicators for objective 1-a: Fighting discrimination, harassment, hate crime and hate speech against Roma

Indicator – Dimension A - Institutional set-up

·national Roma equality, inclusion and participation strategic frameworks or related sets of policy documents explicitly include measures to combat antigypsyism;

·national action plan for the implementation of national Roma strategic frameworks of the EU Member State concerned envisages specific measures to address antigypsyism and discrimination;

·equality bodies regularly monitor the implementation of national Roma strategic frameworks for compliance with the Racial Equality Directive and the Council Framework Decision on combatting certain forms of racism and xenophobia and record cases of discrimination against Roma;

·anti-discrimination reports and surveys are regularly produced and released;

·antigypsyism is recognized in Member States’ legal frameworks, policies, policy documents and policy implementation measures;

·antigypsyism is provided as a category in hate crime data recording;

·the specific measures to address antigypsyism and discrimination have funding allocated;

·municipalities with a significant Roma population have (a) dedicated Roma councillor position(s) among their staff.

Indicator – Dimension B - Particular measures and actions

·a publicly accessible system for monitoring court cases and complaints to national equality bodies on cases of antigypsyism is in place;

·a publicly accessible system for monitoring cases and incidents of discrimination, hate speech and hate crime against Roma and reporting them to national equality bodies or Ombudsperson offices, prosecutors or the police is in place and functioning;

·system of training police officers on non-discrimination and recognition of bias-motivated crime with specific modules on discrimination against Roma is in place;

·Member States allocate airtime to Roma in public media outlets;

·Member States implement awareness-raising campaigns;

·tools for reporting hate speech and hate crime are in place and easily accessible;

·initiatives/training with the participation of IT companies (Google, Facebook, Twitter, etc.) are being organised in order to better identify antigypsyism content on social media platforms;

·initiatives/training on capturing and addressing cases of antigypsyim and hate speech are being organised for media operators.

Indicator - Dimension C - Quality of decision-making processes

·Roma CSOs are actively involved in the development of specific measures to address antigypsyism and discrimination;

·Roma CSOs participate in the monitoring committees of the EU funds operational programme under which the specific measures to address antigypsyism and discrimination are being implemented;

·Roma CSOs participate in monitoring the results of implemented measures.

·awareness among the general population that Roma are a recognised national minority;

·awareness among the general population about Roma history, literature, arts, culture, music, and politics;

·participation of the general population in Roma cultural festival and other public events;

·awareness among the general population that the Romani language is a recognised non-territorial language under the Council of Europe Charter for Regional or Minority Languages;

·awareness among the general population about the Roma Holocaust.

Process indicators for objective 1-b: Promoting awareness of Roma history, culture, recognition and reconciliation

Indicator – Dimension A - Institutional set-up

·national Roma strategic frameworks or related policy documents explicitly include measures with indicators and targets to promote awareness of Roma history and culture;

·the Roma Holocaust is recognised and memorial days for its remembrance are part of the official calendar of state holidays;

·there are monuments to or memorials of the Roma Holocaust;

·the contribution of Roma personalities to the Member State’s history is recognised and part of the official calendar of state holidays;

·Roma history, culture and arts are part of formal curricula in schools, universities and academic courses;

·Roma cultural initiatives are present in relevant national mainstream cultural event calendars;

·Expert Commissions on Antigypsyism (commissions for truth, recognition and reconciliation) exist and operate to create a deeper understanding of barriers and mechanisms of exclusion within the Member State;

·the structures necessary to the implementation of the Council of Europe European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages are in place;

·regular exchanges on topics related to Roma arts, culture and history take place in the designated government advisory bodies, with the aim of impacting policy;

·an annual state budget is available and allocated to support Roma cultural organisations that promote Roma culture;

·an annual state budget is available and allocated to local Roma media (print, online, TV, radio);

·city and local budget is available and allocated to local Roma media and the promotion of Roma arts and culture;

·ministries and state agencies holding the youth portfolio have departments explicitly tasked with the inclusion of Roma youth and building the capacity of Roma youth organisations.

Indicator – Dimension B - Particular measures and actions

·schools teach about Roma history and culture;

·the teaching of the Romani language is offered free-of-charge in schools;

·teachers and school staff are trained on inclusive education and diversity;

·teachers and school staff are trained on Roma culture and history, including the history of the Roma Holocaust;

·training opportunities related to Roma arts, culture and history are provided to public servants, teachers, police officers, etc.;

·reserved broadcasting time on public media for Roma arts and culture is available and allocated;

·reserved broadcasting time on public media for news in Romani language is available and allocated;

·stage time opportunities in festivals are reserved for featuring Roma culture, supported by public funds;

·the proportion of positive versus negative narratives about Roma is increased in mainstream media and press.

Indicator - Dimension C - Quality of decision-making processes

·CSOs are consulted on the need for the to allocate Member State budget to support Roma art and culture;

·government advisory bodies providing feedback on state budget allocation for supporting national Roma strategic frameworks are able to bring forward their proposals on projects related to Roma arts and culture;

·specific measures to promote Roma arts, culture and commemorative events are developed in partnership with Roma CSOs and Roma Holocaust survivors and/or their descendants;

·Roma CSOs participate in the decision-making process on developing specific measures to promote Roma arts and culture and allocating funding for them;

·Roma CSOs participate in monitoring the results of measures implemented under this operational objective.

Headline indicators:

General population:

3)At-risk-of-poverty rate (below 60% of median equivalised income after social transfers)

Eurostat [ilc_li02]

SDG 1.2.1

3.1) Children< 18 at risk of poverty

Eurostat [ilc_li02]

SDG 1.2.2

4)Share of people living in a household in severe material deprivation 6 (cannot afford 4 out of 9 items, e.g. food, inviting friends, etc.)

4.1) Children < 18 living in severe material deprivation

Eurostat [ilc_mddd11]

SDG 1

Eurostat [ilc_mddd11]

SDG 1

Outcome indicators

Secondary (optional)

Indicator

General population

Share of people living in a household that cannot afford a meal with meat, chicken, fish (or vegetarian equivalent) every second day

Eurostat [ilc_mdes03]

Share of people living in a household where at least one person has gone to bed hungry in the past month because there was not enough money for food

n.a./FRS

Share of children aged 0-17 living in a household where at least one person gone to bed hungry in the past month because there was not enough money for food

n.a./FRS

Share of people living in a household that is only able to make ends meet with (great) difficulty

Eurostat [ilc_mdes09]

Share of people who do not have a bank account

n.a./FRS

Process indicators for horizontal objective 2: Reduce poverty and social exclusion

·national Roma strategic frameworks or related policy documents explicitly include measures with indicators and targets to reduce poverty and social exclusion among Roma, with an explicit focus on child poverty;

·social protection and assistance implementation guidelines contain anti-discrimination provisions to secure equal access for Roma;

·a mechanism that guarantees access to a bank account is in place;

·bank guarantees for micro credits for low-income households are being provided.

·a food and nutrition programme for school children is in place;

·targeted training on tackling discrimination and antigypsyism is organised for staff of social services;

·specific national measures are implemented to take account of intergenerational poverty and the need to support Roma children and their families as regards education, housing, health and poverty reduction;

·training on financial literacy and support for financial inclusion is being provided.

·measures are in place to ensure the participation of Roma in developing policy responses in the area of social inclusion/poverty reduction;

·the specific measures in the area of poverty reduction and social inclusion (in particular those targeting Roma at high risk of marginalisation) are developed in partnership with Roma CSOs;

·interventions in the area of poverty reduction and social inclusion (in particular those targeting Roma at high risk of marginalisation) are carried out with the participation of Roma community organisations;

·Roma CSOs participate in the monitoring committees of the EU funds operational programme under which the specific measures to reduce poverty and social exclusion (in particular those targeting Roma at high risk of marginalisation) are being implemented;

·Roma CSOs participate in monitoring the results of the measures implemented to reduce poverty and social exclusion (in particular those targeting Roma at high risk of marginalisation);

·government institutions and administration (central and local) includes input from Roma civil society, business and industry, academia and research in their decision-making processes in the area of social inclusion/poverty reduction.

Headline indicator:

General population

5)Share of people who felt discriminated against (in any area) in the past 12 months and reported the last incident of discrimination as due to their being Roma

n.a. / potentially FRS

6)Active citizenship and participation indicator TO BE DEVELOPED

potentially FRS

Outcome indicators

Secondary (optional)

Indicator

General population

Share of people aged 16+ who did NOT report the most recent incident of harassment because as due to their being Roma (of all people who experienced harassment)

n.a. / potentially FRS

Share of people aged 16+ who did NOT report the most recent incident of physical attack as due to their being Roma

n.a. / potentially FRS

SDG 16.3.1

Share of people aged 16+ who had heard of at least one equality body, national human rights institutions or Ombudsperson office

Potentially FRS

Share of people aged 16+ who tend to trust the police

Eurostat [Ilc_pw03]

Share of people aged 16+ who tend to trust the judicial system

Eurostat [Ilc_pw03]

Further indicators related to participation to be developed:

Share of people who are employed in public services (NACE 7 category O)

Share of people who are employed as professionals or managers (ISCO 8 8+9)

Share of people who voted in the (most recent) national elections

Eurostat [lfsa_eisn2]

Process indicators for horizontal objective 3: Promote participation through empowerment, and building cooperation and trust

Indicator – Dimension A - Institutional set-up 

·national Roma strategic frameworks or related policy documents explicitly include measures with indicators and targets to promote participation through empowerment, and building cooperation and trust

·local and community-level NGOs involved in coordinated EU-wide civil monitoring of strategy implementation;

·Roma CSO representatives are regularly invited to participate as full members in EU funds national monitoring committees;

·In municipalities with a high share of Roma in the population, the function of Roma mediators is an official post with the local administrations;

·municipalities with a high share of Roma in the population have one or more dedicated Roma councillor position among their staff;

·mainstream political parties pledge to place Roma candidates on electoral lists in electable places for elections for parliaments and regional/ municipal representative bodies;

·cities and municipalities with a high share of Roma in the population include Roma advisory bodies or Roma policy coordinators in their institutional set up, to implement Roma inclusion policy.

·a specialised agency with a mandate to improve trust and empowerment of Roma exists and operates effectively;

·the national human rights institutions, Ombudsperson office and equality body regularly consult with civil society on the situation of Roma and/or involve Roma civil society in regular consultation;

·legal support mechanism for addressing cases of antigypgyism have the necessary financial resources to operate effectively;

·mechanisms are in place to secure and encourage the involvement of Roma/pro-Roma civil society organisations in coordinated monitoring of the implementation of national Roma strategic frameworks and the monitoring and reporting of online hate speech;

·budget is allocated for supporting civil society in projects aiming to empower Roma, and build cooperation and trust in public institutions;

·budget is allocated for awareness-raising campaigns aiming to break Roma stereotypes.

Indicator – Dimension B – Particular measures and actions

·percentage of reported cases that result in legal cases;

·training of duty-bearers on antigypgyism and anti-discrimination.

Indicator - Dimension C - Quality of decision-making processes 

·mechanisms to encourage Roma participation in policy design, implementation and monitoring at the national level are explicitly defined in national Roma strategic frameworks;

·there are mechanism that encourage Roma participation in policy design, implementation and monitoring of any policy that impacts their situation at local level; 

·there is participation of Roma in media councils;

·Roma CSOs participate in monitoring of the results of the measures implemented under this horizontal objective;

·participation of Roma in management or decision-making positions within the organisations implementing activities in the area of Roma inclusion;

·Roma are employed in National Roma Contact Points (NRCP) and other institutions related to Roma inclusion;

·local plans have been created (in line with national Roma strategic frameworks) and are being implemented by local authorities in collaboration with Roma CSOs, in particular those working at local level.

Headline indicator:

General population

7)Share of children aged from 3 up to the age of starting compulsory primary education who attend early childhood education and care

Eurostat [sdg_04_30]

SDG 4.2.2

8)Share of people aged 20-24 who have completed at least upper secondary education

Eurostat [edat_lfs_9903]

SDG 4.3

9)Share of children aged 6-15 who attend schools where ‘all or most schoolmates are Roma’ as reported by the respondents (selected countries only)

Not applicable

Indicator

General population

Share of children of compulsory-schooling age (5-18) who attend education, household members (depending on the country)

n.a.

Share of people aged 16+ who felt discriminated against due to their being Roma in the past 12 months, when in contact with school authorities (as a parent/guardian or a student)

n.a. / potentially FRS

Early leavers from education and training, 18-24 years old

Eurostat [edat_lfse_14]

Share of people aged 30-34 who have completed tertiary education

Eurostat [t2020_41]

Prevalence of hate-motivated bullying/harassment of children (due to their being Roma) while in school in the past 12 months, out of all respondents who are parents/guardians of school-age children

n.a./ FRS

Further to be developed:

·Share of school-age children living in a household without a computer

·Share of school-age children living in a household without access to the internet

·Share of young Roma aged 16-24 living in a household without a computer

·Share of young Roma aged 16-24 living in a household without access to the internet

Process indicators for objective 4: Increase effective Roma participation in quality inclusive mainstream education

Indicator – Dimension A - Institutional set-up 

·monitoring of the inclusiveness of mainstream education policies is envisaged in national Roma strategic frameworks;

·a national/regional desegregation programme is in place;

·a national plan to prevent and eliminate misdiagnosis leading to inappropriate placement of Roma pupils in special needs education is being implemented;

·affirmative action programmes are in place to employ Roma teachers in mainstream education;

·the functions of Roma school mediator and teaching assistant are integrated in the education system;

·explicit safeguards and criteria for the inclusiveness of mainstream education policies are reflected in national Roma strategic frameworks;

·a system to guarantee young Roma a place in either upper secondary or vocational education, and support their attendance, is in place, with a focus on girls;

·a system to support Roma who seek higher education through scholarships, mentoring and counselling is in place, with a focus on girls.

Indicator – Dimension B - Particular measures and actions

·measures are in place to secure the effective access of Roma to quality inclusive mainstream education with the long-term aim of reaching the same effective access level as for the general population;

·safeguards to ensure the effective equal access of Roma children to early childhood education and care exist and are operational;

·targeted training on preventing discrimination and antigypsyism in education is given to teachers and other education staff;

·teachers are trained to ensure/use inclusive educational approach;

·individual pedagogical support by qualified staff in mainstream education is provided to Roma pupils;

·curricula and teaching materials addressing Roma culture, history and language are in place;

·measures to promote the access of Roma children to extra-curricular, cultural and leisure activities in a multi-cultural set-up are in place;

·Roma who benefit from support programmes (such as individual support, scholarships and mentoring, including on digital literacy);

·there is budget allocated for combatting anti-Roma racism in schools;

·scholarships are provided to support Roma enrolled in university;

·Romology or Roma studies are part of university-level programmes;

·the teaching of the Romani language is offered free-of-charge in schools;

·targeted measures to support informal training and certify practically-gained skills are in place.

Indicator - Dimension C - Quality of decision-making processes 

·measures are in place to ensure the participation of Roma in developing policy responses in the area of education;

·school inspectorates participate in monitoring the results of measures implemented under this objective;

·Roma CSOs participate in the monitoring committees of the EU funds operational programme under which the specific measures to promote equal access to education (in particular fighting segregation and promoting inclusive education at all stages) are being implemented

Headline indicator:

General population

10)Share of people aged 20-64 who self-declared their main activity status as ‘paid work’ (including full-time, part-time, ad hoc jobs, self-employment and occasional work or work in the past four weeks)

Eurostat [lfsa_ergan]

SDG 8.5

11)Share of young people aged 15-29* whose current main activity is ‘neither in employment, education or training’ (NEET)

Eurostat [edat_lfse_20]

SDG 8.6.1

12)Gender employment gap: Difference in the paid work rate between women and men aged 20-64

Eurostat [lfsa_ergan]

SDG 8.5

Outcome indicators

Secondary (optional)

Indicator

General population

Share of people aged 16+ who felt discriminated against due to their being Roma in the past 12 months when at work

n.a. / potentially FRS

Share of people aged 16+ who felt discriminated against due to their being Roma in the past 12 months when looking for a job

n.a. / potentially FRS

Further indicators on quality of work to be developed: permanent contracts, qualified work, share of people working in public services, work poverty, and vocational educational training

Process indicators for objective 5: Increase effective Roma participation in paid quality and sustainable employment

Indicator – Dimension A - Institutional set-up 

·mechanism for supporting the quality employment of Roma is in place and benefits from the necessary financial resources;

·Roma organisations participate as observers in labour unions and tri-partite commissions;

·mentoring and career development programs to support the employment of Roma professionals in public administration are in place

·mechanisms to support the employment of Roma as full-time staff of labour offices and other branches of administration facilitating access to employment are in place;

·Roma ‘employment and youth mediator’ positions exist in the administrative structure of municipalities with a high share of Roma in the population;

·schemes that support Roma small business start-ups and entrepreneurial initiatives are in place.

Indicator – Dimension B - Particular measures and actions

·targeted measures to support Roma entrepreneurship and self-employment, particularly in young people, are in place;

·targeted measures to support the formalisation of existing informal employment are in place;

·targeted measures to support Roma employment in the public administration are in place;

·public work schemes targeting localities with a high share of Roma in the population have explicit exit strategies with skills-building and qualification components;

·programmes that support first-work experience, job placement and apprenticeships and career development targeting Roma youth are implemented and resourced;

·programmes that support inclusive employers and encourage equal opportunities in the workplace are implemented;

·awareness-raising campaigns and targeted training on tackling discrimination and antigypsyism in the labour market are being organised for employment services, unions and employers;

·micro-loan schemes for small businesses that explicitly target Roma communities exist and are fully operational.

Indicator - Dimension C - Quality of decision-making processes 

·measures are in place to ensure the participation of Roma in developing policy responses in the area of employment;

·Roma CSOs participate in the monitoring committees of the EU funds operational programme under which the specific measures to increase effective Roma participation in paid quality and sustainable employment are being implemented;

·Roma CSOs participate in monitoring the results of implemented measures;

·government institutions and administration (central and local) include input from Roma civil society and in particular Roma entrepreneurs and successful Roma professionals, in their decision-making processes in the area of employment

Headline indicator:

General population

13)Difference in life expectancy at birth (general population vs. Roma)

Human Mortality Database / Eurostat [demo_mlexpec]

14)Share of people who have restricted access to health and social services, TO BE DEVELOPED

n.a. / potentially FRS

Outcome indicators

Secondary (optional)

Indicator

General population

Share of people aged 16+ who assess their health in general as ‘very good’ or ‘good’

Eurostat [hlth_silc_01]

Share of people aged 16+ with medical insurance coverage

OECD [ECHI 76]

Share of people aged 16+ who have felt discriminated against due to their being Roma in the past 12 months when accessing the health services

n.a. / potentially FRS

To be developed further:

Share of Roma women who gave birth to their first child before the age of 20.

Unmet medical need

Eurostat

[demo_fordager]

SDG 3.7

Eurostat [SDG_03_60]

Process indicators for objective 6: Improve Roma health and increase effective Roma access to quality healthcare services

Indicator – Dimension A - Institutional set-up 

·the system of health mediation is institutionalised and integrated into the relevant structures of health administration;

·there is a system of encouraging and supporting the career development perspectives of health mediators who wish to become health professionals;

·a system for providing preventive health services to Roma in ghettos and segregated/remote settlements is in place;.

·regional health inspectorates have the resources (financial and human) to ensure that national-level vaccination and immunisation programmes for children and old people as well as preventive services like blood tests and cancer screenings also reach Roma communities

Indicator – Dimension B - Particular measures and actions

·health awareness programmes customized for the specific health challenges Roma face (including healthy lifestyles and nutrition) are in place;

·preventive health programmes that reach out to risk groups, including Roma, are in place and operational;

·awareness campaigns that promote the understanding of the need for vaccinations are organised;

·vaccination of children and old people (flu) is affordable and being carried out;

·preventive health screenings of children are regularly conducted free of charge, with follow-up measures for risk groups;

·pre-natal care programmes that target disadvantaged women are in place and pre-natal services are provided on a regular basis;

·mother-child health monitoring schemes targeting children aged 0-3 are in place with a specific focus on disadvantaged groups;

·targeted training on preventing discrimination and antigypsyism is regularly being given to health staff;

·health-related awareness-raising and campaigns targeting Roma communities are in place.

Indicator - Dimension C - Quality of decision-making processes 

·measures that ensure the participation of Roma in developing policy responses in the area of health are in place;

·specific measures to address challenges in the area of health are being developed in partnership with Roma CSOs;

·Roma CSOs participate in the monitoring committees of the EU funds operational programme under which the specific measures to improve Roma access to healthcare services are being implemented;

·Roma CSOs participate in monitoring the results of measures implemented in the area of health;

·government institutions and administration (central and local) includes input from Roma civil society, in particular the networks of Roma health mediators, in their decision-making processes in the area of health.

Headline indicator:

General population

15)Share of people living in housing deprivation (in an apartment that is too dark or has a leaking roof, damp walls or floors or does not have a bath/shower or indoor toilet)

Eurostat [tessi 291]

16)Share of people living in a household that does not have the minimum number of rooms according to Eurostat’s definition of overcrowding

Eurostat [ilc_lvho05a / SDG_11_10]

SDG 1, SDG 11

17)Share of people living in a household without tap water inside the dwelling (selected countries only)

Eurostat [ilc_mdho05]

SDG 6.1.1

Outcome indicators

Secondary (optional)

Indicator

General population

Share of people living in a household without a toilet, shower or bathroom inside the dwelling

Eurostat [ilc_mdho05 / SDG_06_10]

SDG 6

Share of people living in a dwelling with a leaking roof, damp walls, floors or foundation or rot in window frames of floor

Eurostat [SDG_01_60]

SDG 1

Share of people living in a household that in the past 12 months has ever been forced to leave the accommodation or halting site

n.a.

Share of people aged 16+ who have felt discriminated against due to their being Roma in the past 5 years when looking for housing

n.a. / potentially FRS

To develop further:

Residential segregation.

Indicator(s) reflecting the geographic aspects of Roma situation.

Access to basic services and infrastructure in the area (health services, public transports, schools, child care, etc.) because of distance, costs, opening times or lack of service.

Share of people living in illegal or unregulated housing.

n.a.

n.a.

Process indicators for objective 7: Increase effective Roma access to adequate desegregated housing and essential services

Indicator – Dimension A - Institutional set-up 

·national Roma strategic frameworks or related policy documents include explicit measures to combat residential segregation;

·clear guidelines for evictions are in place and are effectively implemented to protect against for irregular evictions;

·clear guidelines for evictions are in place and are effectively implemented to protect households with children;

·existing loopholes in housing regulation that prevent the legalization of unregulated housing stock in Roma neighbourhoods are closed;

·eligibility and assessment criteria for EU-funded projects that improve the infrastructure in localities with a high share of Roma in the population provide specific points for companies that employ or are operated by Roma;

·policies that encourage and support community-level local self-help initiatives in the area of housing are in place;

·the needs of halting sites and caravan pitches are assessed regularly;

·mechanisms that ensure the right to safe water and sanitation is effectively being enjoyed by Roma are in place.

Indicator – Dimension B - Particular measures and actions

·explicit safeguards and criteria for the inclusiveness of mainstream housing services and programmes are reflected in national Roma strategic frameworks;

·targeted measures are in place to provide support to socially deprived areas, with a view of decreasing segregation;

·targeted measures with secured financial resources are in place to improve public infrastructure for disadvantaged settlements as regards roads, water, sanitation, access to public services and sewage facilities;

·‘housing first’ programme are in place;

·targeted training on tackling discrimination and antigypsyism in housing is given to staff in housing services and municipal offices;

·mapping and monitoring of disadvantaged settlements and camps is conducted on a regular basis;

·monitoring of housing aspects (number of local housing units needing assessment) is conducted on a regular basis.

Indicator - Dimension C - Quality of decision-making processes 

·measures are in place to ensure the participation of Roma in developing policy responses in the area of housing;

·the specific measures to address challenges in the area of housing are being developed in partnership with Roma CSOs;

·interventions in the area of housing that target Roma (in particular desegregation) are developed and implemented with the participation of Roma community organisations;

·Roma CSOs participate in the monitoring committees of the EU funds operational programme under which the specific measures to improve the housing situation and, in particular, desegregation, are being implemented;

·Roma CSOs participate in monitoring the results of implemented measures in the area of housing, in particular desegregation;

·government institutions and administration (central and local) include input from Roma civil society, in particular networks of Roma health and education mediators, in their decision-making processes in the area of housing.

Outcome indicators

Secondary (optional)

Indicator

General population

Share of Roma living in a household with the following listed as problems in their accommodation: pollution, grime or other environmental problems in the local area such as: smoke, dust, unpleasant smells or polluted water

Eurostat [ilc_mddw02]

Outcome indicators: Secondary (optional): There are no indicators developed in this area yet, possible thematic areas to develop could be:

Exposure to environmental living conditions that are hazardous and associated with health risks:

·living in areas prone to natural disasters (by type of disaster – river flooding, flash-floods, land-slides, etc.);

·living in environmentally hazardous areas (by type – landfills or dump sites, abandoned industrial sites, mines, etc.);

·exposure to hazardous factors (by type – living in polluted areas, relying on untreated and contaminated water sources, exposed to toxic emissions, electro-magnetic radiation etc.);

·working in hazardous occupations including work on wastelands, dumpsters etc. and with no adequate protection;

·living in areas with lack of infrastructure such as safe drinking water, waste water treatment, paved roads, waste collection, etc.;

·share of households relying on burning solid waste to heat their dwellings.

Process indicators for objective 7-a: Fighting environmental deprivation, promoting environmental justice

Indicator – Dimension A - Institutional set-up 

·national Roma strategic frameworks or related policy documents include explicit measures to combat environmental deprivation and promote environmental justice;

·implementation guidelines secure priority access to social housing of Roma living in environmentally hazardous areas;

·standards for housing safety and prevention of living in hazardous conditions are strictly enforced;

·environmental assessment of new building sites and halting sites is carried out;

·effective mechanisms are in place to ensure the enforcement of environmentally-relevant provisions of labour legislation.

Indicator – Dimension B - Particular measures and actions

·targeted measures with secured financial resources are in place to resettle Roma families living in environmentally hazardous areas;

·impact assessment of housing policies and housing provisions targeting Roma are carried out as regards environmental factors;

·environmental impact of policies and environmental risks for Roma are addressed in national Roma strategic frameworks.

Indicator - Dimension C - Quality of decision-making processes 

·specific measures to address environmental challenges in the areas where Roma live (in particular in segregated Roma communities) are developed in partnership with Roma CSOs and Roma residents from the concerned localities;

·interventions in the area of safe and sustainable environment targeting Roma (in particular, in segregated Roma communities) are developed and implemented with the participation of Roma community organizations;

·Roma CSOs participate in the monitoring committees of the EU funds operational programme under which the specific measures to improve the environmental situation in the areas where Roma live (in particular in marginalised Roma communities) are being implemented;

·Roma CSOs participate in monitoring the results of measures implemented to improve environmental situation in areas where Roma live (in particular in segregated Roma communities);

·government institutions and administration (central and local) include input from Roma civil society, in particular the networks of Roma health mediators, in their decision-making processes in the area of health.