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清

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 淸 and 请
清 U+6E05, 清
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E05
← 渄
[U+6E04] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 渆 →
[U+6E06]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
11 strokes

Alternative forms

[edit]

The character present in the Kangxi dictionary is 淸 (U+6DF8), which is also the form used in Korea.

Han character

[edit]

清 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水手一月 (EQMB), four-corner 35127, composition ⿰氵青(GHTJV))

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 633, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1038, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1637, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6E05

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 清/淸
simp. 清
2nd round simp. 𰛓
alternative forms 𠗜
𨓽
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰleŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (“clear; pure; clean”); cognate with Tibetan གཙང (gtsang, “clean; pure”), Mizo thiang (“to be clear; to be clean; to be pure”), Southern Qiang ɕó, Drung cangma (“clean”), Burmese စင် (cang, “clean, pure”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Within Chinese, cognate with 淨 (OC *zeŋs, “clean”), 醒 (OC *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs, “to wake up; to become sober”), and allofamic with 星 (OC *sleːŋ, “star”), 晴 (OC *zleŋ, “(of weather) clear; fine”); possibly also related to 靜 (OC *zleŋʔ, “quiet”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Perhaps an areal word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *caŋ (“to glitter”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • chĭng - literary;
  • chiăng - vernacular (used in placenames, e.g. 福清);
  • cĭng - thin, dilute.
Note:
  • chheng - literary;
  • chhiⁿ/chhuiⁿ/chheⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 清明);
  • chhiaⁿ - vernacular (used in placenames, e.g. 福清).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 清
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰiŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰiŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡sʰin³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹³/
/t͡sʰei¹³/ ～湯
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰin³³/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰeŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰin³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰin³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɑŋ⁴²/ 稀,不稠
/t͡ɕʰin⁴²/ ～楚
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
/t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/ ～明
Taoyuan /t͡sʰin²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰeŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɛŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/ ～明
/t͡sʰiã⁵⁵/ 福～
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰeiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰeŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /seŋ²³/
Rime
Character 清
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七情切
Baxter tshjeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰiɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰiæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰiajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiɛŋ/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭɛŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 清
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshjeng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tsʰeŋ/
English clear (adj.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 清
Reading # 1/1
No. 11338
Phonetic
component 		生
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		清
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰleŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

清

  1. clear; limpid
  2. clean; unstained
  3. pure; unmixed
  4. distinct; clear; apparent
  5. fair and honest; upright
  6. quiet; still
  7. (phonetics) unaspirated
  8. to clear (throat, etc.); to clean
  9. to settle; to sort out
  10. (～朝) the Qing (Ching) dynasty (Manchu) (1644-1911)
  11. (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Eastern Min, of liquids) dilute, thin
  12. a surname
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (the Qing dynasty):
  • (dilute, thin):
Dialectal synonyms of 稀 (“dilute; thin”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 稀
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 稀
Taiwan 稀
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 稀
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 稀
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 清, 稀
Wuhan 稀, 清
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 稀, 消
Hefei 稀, 消
Cantonese Guangzhou 稀, 削
Hong Kong 稀, 削
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 稀
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 清
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 鮮
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 稀
Macau 稀
Guangzhou (Panyu) 稀
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 稀
Guangzhou (Conghua) 稀
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 清
Foshan 稀
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 稀
Foshan (Shunde) 稀
Foshan (Sanshui) 稀
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 稀
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 稀
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 稀
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 稀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 稀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 稀
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 稀
Taishan 稀
Kaiping (Chikan) 稀
Enping (Niujiang) 稀
Heshan (Yayao) 稀
Dongguan 清
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 清
Yangjiang 清
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 稀
Gan Nanchang 清, 稀
Jianning 清
Taining 清
Hakka Meixian 鮮
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 稀
Dongguan (Qingxi) 鮮
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 鮮
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 稀
Changting 鮮
Shanghang 鮮
Longyan (Yongding) 鮮
Wuping 鮮
Liancheng 鮮
Ninghua 鮮
Qingliu 鮮
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鮮
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鮮
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 鮮
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鮮
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 鮮
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 鮮
Hong Kong 鮮
Senai (Huiyang) 鮮
Jin Taiyuan 稀
Northern Min Jian'ou 增
Jian'ou (Dikou) 增
Nanping (Xiayang, Yanping) 增
Songxi 增
Zhenghe 增
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 增
Shunchang (Yangdun) 增
Jianyang 增
Wuyishan 增
Pucheng (Shibei) 增
Eastern Min Fuzhou 清
Fuzhou (Changle) 清
Lianjiang 清
Fuqing 漖, 清
Pingtan 稀
Yongtai 清
Minqing 清
Gutian 淺
Pingnan 淺
Luoyuan 淺
Fu'an 清
Ningde 清, 淺, 稀
Xiapu 稀
Zherong 清
Shouning 清
Zhouning 淺, 清
Fuding 清
Youxi 清
Southern Min Xiamen 漖, 飲
Xiamen (Tong'an) 飲
Quanzhou 漖
Jinjiang 漖
Nan'an 漖, 飲
Shishi 漖
Hui'an 漖, 飲
Anxi 漖
Yongchun 漖
Dehua 漖
Zhangzhou 漖, 飲
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 飲
Hua'an 飲
Nanjing 飲
Pinghe 漖
Zhangpu 飲
Yunxiao 漖
Zhao'an 漖
Dongshan 漖
Tainan 漖
Kinmen 漖
Longyan 鬻
Zhangping 鬻
Zhangping (Yongfu) 鬻
Datian 鬻
Datian (Guangping) 增
Chaozhou 漖, 𬓤
Shantou 𬓤
Shantou (Chenghai) 𬓤
Jieyang 漖, 𬓤
Bangkok (Teochew) 𬓤
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 𬓤
Leizhou 浮
Puxian Min Putian 漖
Xianyou 漖
Central Min Yong'an 增
Sanming (Sanyuan) 增
Sanming (Shaxian) 增
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 清
Guangze 清
Jiangle 清
Mingxi 清
Shunchang 清
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 稀
Wu Suzhou 薄
Yuyao 薄, 朗
Wenzhou 薄
Pucheng 清
Xiang Changsha 清, 稀
Shuangfeng 清, 稀

See also

[edit]
Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代) 		2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代) 		1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代) 		1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周 / 东周		 Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國 / 战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代) 		221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) 		206 BCE – 220 C.E. Western Han
西漢 / 西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢 / 东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國 / 三国 		220 – 280 C.E. Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢 / 蜀汉
Wu
吳 / 吴
Jin
晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) 		265 – 420 C.E. Western Jin
西晉 / 西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉 / 东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝 		420 – 589 C.E. Northern dynasties
北朝		 Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏 / 东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊 / 北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		 Liu Song
劉宋 / 刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊 / 南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代) 		581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代) 		618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國 / 五代十国 		907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) 		907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代) 		960 – 1279 C.E. Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏 		1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代) 		1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西遼 / 西辽 		1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代) 		1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代) 		1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代) 		1636 – 1912 C.E.

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → English: Ching, Cing, Qing

References

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Etymology 2

[edit]

Rebracketing of the reading of Ching, which is a nonstandard romanisation of 師兄 / 师兄 (si1 hing1).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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清

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak) Synonym of 師兄 / 师兄 (si1 hing1)

Japanese

[edit]

Shinjitai

清

Kyūjitai

淸

Kanji

[edit]
清

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 淸)

  1. clear
  2. clarity
  3. refreshing
  4. clean, pure
  5. Qing dynasty

Readings

[edit]

(Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

[edit]
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
清
しん
Grade: 4
tōon
Alternative spelling
淸 (kyūjitai)

Borrowing from Mandarin Chinese 清 (qīng, literally “bright, clear”).

Proper noun

[edit]

清(しん) • (Shin) 

  1. the Qing dynasty (1616–1912)
  2. a place name (clarification of this definition is needed)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
清
せい
Grade: 4
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
淸 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 清 (MC tshjeng).

Proper noun

[edit]

清(せい) • (Sei) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
清
さや
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
淸 (kyūjitai)
明

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

Stem of 清か (sayaka, “bright, clear”).

Cognate with 冴える (saeru).[1]

Adverb

[edit]

清(さや) • (saya) 

  1. brightly, clearly, vividly
  2. cleanly, freshly, purely
  3. rustlingly
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Usually takes the particle に (ni).
Derived terms
[edit]

Proper noun

[edit]

清(さや) • (Saya) 

  1. a female given name

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
清
さやか
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
淸 (kyūjitai)

Nominalization of 清か (sayaka, “bright, clear”).

Proper noun

[edit]

清(さやか) • (Sayaka) 

  1. a female given name

Etymology 5

[edit]
Kanji in this term
清
きよし
Grade: 4
nanori
Alternative spelling
淸 (kyūjitai)

From classical adjective 清し (kiyoshi), modern 清い (kiyoi, “clear”).

Proper noun

[edit]

清(きよし) • (Kiyoshi) 

  1. a surname
  2. a unisex given name

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

清 (eumhun 맑을 청 (malgeul cheong))

  1. Alternative form of 淸

Kunigami

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
清

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Okinawan

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Kanji

[edit]
清

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Tokunoshima

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Kanji

[edit]
清

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

清: Hán Nôm readings: thanh, thảnh, thênh, thinh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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