umbra
English
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Diagram_of_umbra%2C_penumbra_%26_antumbra.png/220px-Diagram_of_umbra%2C_penumbra_%26_antumbra.png)
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin umbra (“shadow”). Doublet of umber.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]umbra (plural umbras or umbrae or (obsolete) umbræ)
- The fully shaded inner region of a shadow cast by an opaque object.
- (astronomy) The central region of a sunspot.
- (chiefly literary) A shadow.
- (archaic) An uninvited guest brought along by one who was invited.
- One of the family Umbridae of mudminnows.
- One of genus Umbrina of drums (family Sciaenidae).
- (mathematics) An element of the umbral calculus.
- 2009, Ernesto Damiani, Ottavio D'Antona, Vincenzo Marra, From Combinatorics to Philosophy: The Legacy of G.-C. Rota, (page 113)#:
- In order to set up such an algorithm, we need the notion of multiplicative inverse of an umbra. Two umbrae are said to be multiplicative inverse to each other when αγ ≡ u.
Coordinate terms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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Anagrams
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]umbra f (plural umbres)
- female equivalent of umbre
Adjective
[edit]umbra
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]umbra c (singular definite umbraen, not used in plural form)
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin umbra.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]umbra
Declension
[edit]Inflection of umbra (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | umbra | umbrat | |
genitive | umbran | umbrien | |
partitive | umbraa | umbria | |
illative | umbraan | umbriin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | umbra | umbrat | |
accusative | nom. | umbra | umbrat |
gen. | umbran | ||
genitive | umbran | umbrien umbrain rare | |
partitive | umbraa | umbria | |
inessive | umbrassa | umbrissa | |
elative | umbrasta | umbrista | |
illative | umbraan | umbriin | |
adessive | umbralla | umbrilla | |
ablative | umbralta | umbrilta | |
allative | umbralle | umbrille | |
essive | umbrana | umbrina | |
translative | umbraksi | umbriksi | |
abessive | umbratta | umbritta | |
instructive | — | umbrin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms
[edit]- (part of a shadow): täysvarjo
Further reading
[edit]- “umbra”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
Anagrams
[edit]Interlingua
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin.
Noun
[edit]umbra (plural umbras)
Italian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]umbra
Noun
[edit]umbra f (plural umbre)
- female equivalent of umbro
Anagrams
[edit]Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Generally connected with Lithuanian unksna (“shade”), from Proto-Indo-European *wnksrā-. This term is tentatively derived from Proto-Indo-European *(H)wenk- (“to bend”); however, the semantic leaps required to go from "bend" to "shade" are large and unlikely.[1]
Alternatively, if from Old Latin *omra, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂mr-u-, *h₂mrup-; related to Ancient Greek ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dark”), Luwian 𒈠𒅈𒉿𒄿𒀀 (“rot”), and 𒈠𒊒𒉿𒄿 (“rotten”) (also see Hittite Maraššantiya, their name for the Kızılırmak River), and this Indo-European source is said to be a possible borrowing from a Semitic root ḥ-m-r (“be red”), compare Arabic ح م ر (ḥ m r).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈum.bra/, [ˈʊmbrä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈum.bra/, [ˈumbrä]
Noun
[edit]umbra f (genitive umbrae); first declension
- shadow
- shade, ghost, phantom, apparition
- (plural) the realm of shades, the shades, the world below or underworld
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.25-26:
- “[...] vel Pater omnipotēns adigat mē fulmine ad umbrās,
pallentīs umbrās Erebī noctemque profundam, [...].”- “[...] or the Father almighty hurl me with his thunderbolt to the shades, the pallid shades and boundless night of Erebus [...].”
(That is, the Underworld, or land of the dead. The repetition is an example of epanalepsis.)
- “[...] or the Father almighty hurl me with his thunderbolt to the shades, the pallid shades and boundless night of Erebus [...].”
- “[...] vel Pater omnipotēns adigat mē fulmine ad umbrās,
- drumfish
Declension
[edit]First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | umbra | umbrae |
Genitive | umbrae | umbrārum |
Dative | umbrae | umbrīs |
Accusative | umbram | umbrās |
Ablative | umbrā | umbrīs |
Vocative | umbra | umbrae |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Latin sub umbra or ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *subumbrāre
- Aragonese: huembra
- Aromanian: aumbrã, umbrã
- → English: umbra
- French: ombre
- Friulian: ombre
- Galician: ombre
- Italian: ombra
- Old Occitan: ombra
- Romanian: umbră
- Romansch: umbriva
- Russian: умбра (umbra)
- Sardinian: umbara, umbra, urma
- Sicilian: ùmmara, ùmmira
- Spanish: umbra
- Venetian: onbra, onbria, onbrìa
References
[edit]- “umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- umbra in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to exert oneself in the schools: desudare in scholae umbra or umbraculis
- to exert oneself in the schools: desudare in scholae umbra or umbraculis
- “umbra”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 639
- ^ Whitehead, The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics, p. 13
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin umbra (“shade, shadow”).
Noun
[edit]umbra m (definite singular umbraen, indefinite plural umbraer or umbraar, definite plural umbraene or umbraane)
- (chemistry)
- a dark earthy colour
- (astronomy) the shade from a planet
- (astronomy, by extension) central region of a sunspot
References
[edit]- “umbra” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Romanian
[edit]Noun
[edit]umbra f
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]umbra f (plural umbras)
- female equivalent of umbro
Adjective
[edit]umbra
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]umbra f (plural umbras)
Further reading
[edit]- “umbra”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ʌmbɹə
- Rhymes:English/ʌmbɹə/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- en:Astronomy
- English literary terms
- English terms with archaic senses
- en:Mathematics
- English terms with quotations
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan feminine nouns
- Catalan female equivalent nouns
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan adjective forms
- Danish terms derived from Latin
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Finnish terms borrowed from Latin
- Finnish learned borrowings from Latin
- Finnish terms derived from Latin
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/umbrɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/umbrɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- Interlingua terms derived from Latin
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua nouns
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/umbra
- Rhymes:Italian/umbra/2 syllables
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian adjective forms
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian feminine nouns
- Italian female equivalent nouns
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Old Latin
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Semitic languages
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin first declension nouns
- Latin feminine nouns in the first declension
- Latin feminine nouns
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- nn:Chemistry
- nn:Astronomy
- Romanian non-lemma forms
- Romanian noun forms
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/umbɾa
- Rhymes:Spanish/umbɾa/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish feminine nouns
- Spanish female equivalent nouns
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish adjective forms
- Spanish terms with obsolete senses