mali
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Shifting_seedlings_at_the_Aravali_Biodiversity_Park%2C_Gurgaon%2C_India.jpg/220px-Shifting_seedlings_at_the_Aravali_Biodiversity_Park%2C_Gurgaon%2C_India.jpg)
Borrowed from Hindi माली (mālī, “gardener”), from Sanskrit माली (mālī, “wreath-maker, garland-maker; florist; gardener”), मालिन् (mālin, “florist; gardener”), from माला (mālā, “wreath, garland; chaplet, crown”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈmɑːli/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˈmɑli/, /ˈmæ-/
- Rhymes: -ɑːli, -æli
- Hyphenation: ma‧li
Noun
[edit]mali (plural malis)
- (India, South Asia) A member of a caste in South Asia whose traditional occupation is gardening; hence, any South Asian gardener. [from mid 18th c.]
- 1840, G. T. Frederic Speede, Indian Hand-book of Gardening; Containing Directions for the Management of the Kitchen and Flower Garden, etc. etc. in India: […], Calcutta: W. Thacker & Co. St. Andrew's Library, →OCLC, page 1:
- [H]ence the slow progress hitherto made in the cultivation of such produce of the garden as is generally held in estimation by the European portion of the community, left as it generally is, to the simple Hindoo mallee (or gardener,) it is not to be wondered at, that our bazars want what are deemed the more delicate articles of vegetable production for the table; […]
- 1848, “Report of Exhibitions of Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers and Agricultural Produce, Held at Bhaugulpore, on 11th February and 25th May, 1848. (Communicated by Major [T. E. A.] Napleton, Honorary Secretary Branch Agri-Horticultural Society.)”, in Journal of the Agricultural & Horticultural Society of India, volumes VI, part II (Correspondence and Selections), number 3, Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, →OCLC, page 125:
- Prizes were awarded to ten other mallees for best samples of vegetables, fruits and flowers, and last though not least we have to note, that a prize of two rupees was awarded to the mallee of Robert Fulton, Esq., of Sultangunge, for a remarkably fine bunch of grapes, clearly showing that either the soil of Mr. Fulton's garden, the climate of Sultangunge, or the skill of that gentleman's gardener, are highly favorable to the growth, and bringing to maturity of this delicious fruit.
- 1871 November 29, “Cachar: Further Correspondence on the Subject of the Looshai Raids and the Consequent Hostilities (in Continuation of Paper, No. 398, of 1871)”, in Accounts and Papers: […], volumes X (East India—continued), [London]: […] The House of Commons, […], published 28 May 1872, →OCLC, page 301:
- I sent down dhobies, sweepers, cooks, and mallees, last to dig trenches for burying the dead, when burning was not possible.
- 1924 June 4, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter XXII, in A Passage to India, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC, part II (Caves), page 203:
- He found, as he expected, that the poor girl was crying. And, as always, an Indian close outside the window, a mali in this case, picking up sounds.
- 1934 October, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Burmese Days, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, →OCLC; republished as chapter 2, in Burmese Days (ebook no. 0200051h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, November 2015:
- A nearly naked mali, watering-can in hand, was moving in the jungle of flowers like some large nectar-sucking bird.
- 2008, Amitav Ghosh, chapter 5, in Sea of Poppies, London: John Murray, →ISBN, pages 91–92:
- The grounds of the estates were extensive enough to provide each mansion with a surrounding park, and these were, if anything, even more varied in design than the houses they enclosed – for the malis who tended the gardens, no less than the owners themselves, vied to outdo each other in the fancifulness of their plantings, creating here a little patch of topiary and there an avenue of trees, trimmed in the French fashion; […]
Alternative forms
[edit]Translations
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Xhosa imali, Zulu imali (“money”), both ultimately from Swahili mali (“riches, wealth; property”), from Arabic مَال (māl, “money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property”).[3] Some dictionaries[4] suggest an origin in English money instead, making no attempt to account for the distribution of the loanword nor the proposed shift from /n/ to /l/, both of which make this unlikely.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation, General South African) IPA(key): /ˈmɑːli/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˈmɑli/
- Rhymes: -ɑːli
- Hyphenation: ma‧li
Noun
[edit]mali (uncountable)
- (South Africa) Money, cash. [from mid 19th c.]
Translations
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Latin malī, a plural form of malus (“adverse, unfavourable, unfortunate, unlucky; destructive, hurtful; bad, evil”) (probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“erroneous, false; bad, evil”)).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈmeɪlaɪ/, /ˈmɑː-/, /ˈmæ-/
Audio (Southern England): (file) Audio (Southern England): (file) Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˈmeɪlaɪ/, /ˈmæ-/
- Hyphenation: ma‧li
Noun
[edit]mali
- plural of malus
- c. 1997, ASTIN Bulletin, page 48:
- The existence of boni and mali for the different risks can be interpreted through the sign of estimated covariances.
- 2000, Jean Pinquet, “Experience Rating through Heterogeneous Models”, in Georges Dionne, editor, Handbook of Insurance, Kluwer Academic Publishers, page 462:
- If the boni and mali do not depend on the frequency of claims, the average bonus-malus coefficient increases with the frequency.
- 2014, Akmal Akramkhanov, Bernhard Tischbein, Usman Khalid Awan, “Effective management of soil salinity – revising leaching norms”, in John P. A. Lamers, Asia Khamzina, Inna Rudenko, Paul L. G. Vlek, editors, Restructuring Land Allocation, Water Use and Agricultural Value Chains: Technologies, Policies and Practices for the Lower Amudarya Region, V & R unipress, Bonn University Press, →ISBN, page 131:
- Akramkhanov et al. (2010) also suggested a system of boni and mali on taxes to support the implementation of measures to achieve both water saving and salinity control (Table 3.3.1).
References
[edit]- ^ Monier Williams (1872) “माऌ māla”, in A Sanskṛit–English Dictionary: […], Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 774, columns 2–3.
- ^ “mali, n.1”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “mali1, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ For example, “mali, n.2”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, June 2021.
See also
[edit]- hom mali rice (etymologically unrelated)
Anagrams
[edit]Acehnese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mali
Albanian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali
- inflection of mal:
Amis
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali
References
[edit]- “Entry #”, in 阿美語中部方言辭典 [Dictionary of the Central Dialect of Amis][1] (in Chinese), Taiwan: Council of Indigenous Peoples, 2021
Bunun
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali
Dyirbal
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mali
Dyula
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali
Declension
[edit]Inflection of mali (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | mali | malit | |
genitive | malin | malien | |
partitive | malia | maleja | |
illative | maliin | maleihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | mali | malit | |
accusative | nom. | mali | malit |
gen. | malin | ||
genitive | malin | malien | |
partitive | malia | maleja | |
inessive | malissa | maleissa | |
elative | malista | maleista | |
illative | maliin | maleihin | |
adessive | malilla | maleilla | |
ablative | malilta | maleilta | |
allative | malille | maleille | |
essive | malina | maleina | |
translative | maliksi | maleiksi | |
abessive | malitta | maleitta | |
instructive | — | malein | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “mali”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
[edit]French
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali m (uncountable)
- Mali (language)
References
[edit]- “mali”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Italian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali m
Anagrams
[edit]Jingpho
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj (“four”). Cognate with Burmese လေး (le:), S'gaw Karen လွံၢ် (lwee̱), Nuosu ꇖ (ly), Tibetan བཞི (bzhi), Sikkimese ཞི (zhi).
Numeral
[edit]mali
Kambera
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali
References
[edit]- Marian Klamer (1998) A Grammar of Kambera, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 213
Kavalan
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali
Latin
[edit]Adjective
[edit]malī
Noun
[edit]mālī
Latvian
[edit]Verb
[edit]mali
Lubuagan Kalinga
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Participle
[edit]mali
- (non-standard since 2012) feminine singular of malen
- (non-standard since 2012) neuter singular of malen
Verb
[edit]mali
Anagrams
[edit]Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mali
Sakizaya
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali
Sardinian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin male. Compare Italian male.
Adverb
[edit]mali
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mali
- inflection of mal:
Sicilian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin malus. Compare Italian mali, male.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]mali m pl or f pl
Inflection
[edit]Masculine | Feminine | |
Singular | malu | mala |
Plural | mali | mali |
Noun
[edit]mali m (plural mali)
Slovak
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Participle
[edit]mali
Swahili
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic مَال (māl, “property”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali (ma class, plural only)
Usage notes
[edit]This word is morphologically plural but semantically singular. If a plural sense is required, it may be put in the n class.
Descendants
[edit]- → Ila: madi
- → Northern Ndebele: imali
- → Rwanda-Rundi: imari
- → Shona: mari
- → Tswana: madi
- → Xhosa: imali
- → Zulu: imali
- → English: mali
Tagalog
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /maˈliʔ/ [mɐˈliʔ], (colloquial) /maˈleʔ/ [mɐˈlɛʔ]
- Rhymes: -iʔ
- Syllabification: ma‧li
Adjective
[edit]malî (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒ)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Compare Malay mali (“Leea indica”) and Malay mali-mali (“Leea angulata”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈmali/ [ˈmaː.lɪ]
- Rhymes: -ali
- Syllabification: ma‧li
Noun
[edit]mali (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒ) (botany)
Anagrams
[edit]Turkish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish مالی (mali), from Arabic مَالِيّ (māliyy).
Adjective
[edit]mali
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “mali”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Woiwurrung
[edit]Noun
[edit]mali
- English terms borrowed from Hindi
- English terms derived from Hindi
- English terms derived from Sanskrit
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɑːli
- Rhymes:English/ɑːli/2 syllables
- Rhymes:English/æli
- Rhymes:English/æli/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- Indian English
- English terms with quotations
- English terms borrowed from Xhosa
- English terms derived from Xhosa
- English terms borrowed from Zulu
- English terms derived from Zulu
- English terms derived from Swahili
- English terms derived from Arabic
- English uncountable nouns
- South African English
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)mel-
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English non-lemma forms
- English noun forms
- English plurals in -i with singular in -us, -os or -o
- English heteronyms
- en:Horticulture
- en:Money
- en:Occupations
- Acehnese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Acehnese lemmas
- Acehnese adjectives
- Albanian 2-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Albanian/ali
- Rhymes:Albanian/ali/2 syllables
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian nouns
- Amis lemmas
- Amis nouns
- Bunun lemmas
- Bunun nouns
- Dyirbal lemmas
- Dyirbal adjectives
- Dyula lemmas
- Dyula nouns
- dyu:Mammals
- Finnish terms derived from Swedish
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑli
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑli/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish risti-type nominals
- fi:Artemisias
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French uncountable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ali
- Rhymes:Italian/ali/2 syllables
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian noun forms
- Jingpho terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Jingpho terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Jingpho lemmas
- Jingpho numerals
- Kambera lemmas
- Kambera nouns
- Kavalan lemmas
- Kavalan nouns
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin adjective forms
- Latin noun forms
- Latvian non-lemma forms
- Latvian verb forms
- Lubuagan Kalinga lemmas
- Lubuagan Kalinga nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk participle forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ali
- Rhymes:Polish/ali/2 syllables
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish adjective forms
- Sakizaya terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sakizaya lemmas
- Sakizaya nouns
- Sardinian terms inherited from Latin
- Sardinian terms derived from Latin
- Sardinian lemmas
- Sardinian adverbs
- Campidanese
- Serbo-Croatian non-lemma forms
- Serbo-Croatian adjective forms
- Sicilian terms inherited from Latin
- Sicilian terms derived from Latin
- Sicilian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sicilian non-lemma forms
- Sicilian adjective forms
- Sicilian lemmas
- Sicilian nouns
- Sicilian masculine nouns
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak non-lemma forms
- Slovak participles
- Swahili terms borrowed from Arabic
- Swahili terms derived from Arabic
- Swahili terms derived from the Arabic root م و ل
- Swahili terms with audio links
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili nouns
- Swahili ma class nouns
- Swahili pluralia tantum
- Tagalog 2-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/iʔ
- Rhymes:Tagalog/iʔ/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with maragsa pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog adjectives
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Rhymes:Tagalog/ali
- Rhymes:Tagalog/ali/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation
- Tagalog nouns
- tl:Grape family plants
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root م و ل
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish adjectives
- Woiwurrung lemmas
- Woiwurrung nouns