grave
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English grave, grafe, from Old English græf, grafu (“cave, grave, trench”), from Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, *grabō (“grave, trench, ditch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with West Frisian grêf (“grave”), Dutch graf (“grave”), Low German Graf (“a grave”), Graff, German Grab (“grave”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian grav (“grave”), Icelandic gröf (“grave”). Related to groove.
Noun
[edit]grave (countable and uncountable, plural graves)
- (strictly) An excavation in the earth as a place of burial.
- Synonym: plot
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 11:17:
- He had lain in the grave four days.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 31:17:
- Let mee not be ashamed, O Lord, for I haue called vpon thee: let the wicked be ashamed, and let them be silent in the graue.
- 1856, Gustave Flaubert, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling, Madame Bovary, Part III, Chapter X:
- They reached the cemetery. The men went right down to a place in the grass where a grave was dug. They ranged themselves all round; and while the priest spoke, the red soil thrown up at the sides kept noiselessly slipping down at the corners.
- (broadly) Any place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher.
- (very broadly) Any place containing one or more corpses.
- (uncountable, by extension) Death, destruction.
- a. 1769, unknown, The Cuckoo[1], lines 9–12:
- […] Meeting is pleasure, parting is a grief; / An inconstant lover is worse than a thief; / A thief can but rob you, and take all you have, / An inconstant lover will bring you to the grave! […]
- 1973, “Breathe”, in Roger Waters (lyrics), David Gilmour and Richard Wright (music), The Dark Side of the Moon, performed by Pink Floyd:
- […] balanced on the biggest wave you race towards an early grave.
- (by extension, uncountable) Deceased people; the dead.
- 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:
- "Hold your jaw, woman! I've had enough to vex me to-day without you startin' your tantrums. You're jealous of the grave. That's wot's the matter with you." "And her brats can insult me as they like - me that 'as cared for you these five years."
Derived terms
[edit]- begrave
- beyond the grave
- common grave
- cradle-to-grave
- dance on someone's grave
- dig one's grave with a fork
- dig one's grave with a fork and spoon
- dig one's own grave
- follow to the grave
- from cradle to grave
- from the cradle to the grave
- grave candle
- graveclothes
- grave dancer
- grave dancing
- grave-dancy
- gravedigger
- grave digger
- grave-good
- grave good
- grave goods
- grave-goods
- grave lantern
- gravelike
- grave marker
- grave-rob
- grave robber
- grave-robbing
- graverobbing
- graveside
- gravesite
- gravestone
- graveward
- grave wax
- graveyard
- have one foot in the grave
- mass grave
- passage grave
- pauper's grave
- quiet as a grave
- roll in one's grave
- roll over in one's grave
- silent as a grave
- silent as the grave
- spin in one's grave
- take someone to the grave
- take something to one's grave
- take something to the grave
- take to the grave
- turn in one's grave
- turn over in one's grave
- war grave
- watery grave
- white man's grave
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Translations
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See also
[edit]grave (burial) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle English graven, from Old English grafan (“to dig, dig up, grave, engrave, carve, chisel”), from Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with Dutch graven (“to dig”), German graben (“to dig”), Danish grave (“to dig”), Swedish gräva (“to dig”), Icelandic grafa (“to dig”).
Verb
[edit]grave (third-person singular simple present graves, present participle graving, simple past graved, past participle graved or graven)
- (transitive, obsolete) To dig.
- 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, vij:[16]:
- He hath graven and digged up a pit.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 28:9:
- Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel.
- a. 1894, Robert Louis Stevenson, "Requiem"
- This be the verse you grave for me / "Here he lies where he longs to be"
- 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
- 'It may be so,' I answered; 'but if the loved one prove a broken reed to pierce us, or if the love be loved in vain - what then? Shall a man grave his sorrows upon a stone when he hath but need to write them on the water?'
- (transitive, obsolete) To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture.
- to grave an image
- (intransitive, obsolete) To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.
- 1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Solomon on the Vanity of the World. A Poem in Three Books.”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC, (please specify the page):
- O! may they graven in thy heart remain.
- (transitive, obsolete) To entomb; to bury.
- 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
- […] And lie full low, graved in the hollow ground.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.
Related terms
[edit]Translations
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Etymology 3
[edit]From Middle French grave, a learned borrowing from Latin gravis (“heavy, important”). Compare Old French greve (“terrible, dreadful”). Doublet of grief.
Adjective
[edit]grave (comparative graver, superlative gravest)
- Characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness; not cheerful. [from 16th c.]
- c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
- [Mercuti] Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man.
- Low in pitch, tone etc. [from 17th c.]
- Antonym: acute
- 1854, John Weeks Moore, Encyclopedia of Music:
- The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.
- Serious, in a negative sense; important, formidable. [from 19th c.]
- 2016 February 6, James Zogby, “Israel’s prickliness blocks the long quest for peace”, in The National[3]:
- Israel’s behaviour is doing grave damage to the Palestinian people and to any hope for peace.
- 2017, Vladimir Shlapentokh, A Normal Totalitarian Society, page 80:
- Khrushchev made a grave miscalculation when he failed to appreciate the growing opposition to his power and overestimated the support of his bureaucracy.
- (phonology, dated, of a sound) Dull, produced in the middle or back of the mouth. (See
Grave and acute on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
- Coordinate term: acute
- (obsolete) Influential, important; authoritative. [16th–18th c.]
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 7:
- An illiterate fool sits in a mans seat; and the common people hold him learned, grave, and wise.
Synonyms
[edit]- (unsorted by sense): sage, demure, thoughtful, weighty
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
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Noun
[edit]grave (plural graves)
- A grave accent.
Translations
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Inherited from Middle English greyve. Doublet of graaf (borrowed from the Dutch cognate graaf (“count, earl”)) and graf (borrowed from the German cognate Graf (“count, earl”)).
Noun
[edit]grave (plural graves)
- (historical) A count, prefect, or person holding office.
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]Verb
[edit]grave (third-person singular simple present graves, present participle graving, simple past and past participle graved)
- (transitive, obsolete, nautical) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch — so called because graves or greaves was formerly used for this purpose.
Related terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Danish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Italian grave, from Latin gravis (“heavy, grave”).
Adverb
[edit]grave
- (music) grave (low in pitch, tone etc.)
- accent grave – accent grave, grave accent
Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Norse grafa (“to dig, bury”), from Proto-Germanic *grabaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).
Verb
[edit]grave (imperative grav, infinitive at grave, present tense graver, past tense gravede, perfect tense har gravet)
- dig (to move hard-packed earth out of the way)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]See grav (“grave, tomb, pit”).
Noun
[edit]grave c
- indefinite plural of grav
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]grave
Anagrams
[edit]Esperanto
[edit]Adverb
[edit]grave
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Middle French grave, borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of grief.
Adjective
[edit]grave (plural graves)
- serious
- solemn
- low-pitched
- Antonym: aigu
- (phonetics) back
- 1911 April, “Quelques mots sur la pronunciation des lettres Turques”, in Dictionnaire turc-français:
- Quatre de ces voyelles sont graves: a, o, u, œu.
- Four of these are vowels are back [vowels], a, o, u, [and] œu
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Norwegian Bokmål: grave
Adverb
[edit]grave
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]grave
- inflection of graver:
Further reading
[edit]- “grave”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Italian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of greve.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]grave (plural gravi, superlative gravissimo)
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Danish: grave
Anagrams
[edit]Latin
[edit]Adjective
[edit]grave
References
[edit]- "grave", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- grave in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- "grave", in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia[4]
Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From the dative of Old English græf, from Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]grave (plural graves)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “grāve, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-09.
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]grave (plural graves)
- Alternative form of gravey
Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]grave
- (Late Middle English) Alternative form of greyve
Etymology 4
[edit]Noun
[edit]grave
- (Early Middle English) Alternative form of grove
Etymology 5
[edit]Verb
[edit]grave
- Alternative form of graven
Middle French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French grave.
Noun
[edit]grave f (plural graves)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (grave)
Middle High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old High German grāfo, grāvo, grāfio, grāvio (“count, local judge”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]grâve m
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- German: Graf
References
[edit]- “grâve” Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Wilhelm Müller, and Friedrich Zarncke. Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke. Vol. 1. S. Hirzel, 1863.
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse grafa, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).
Verb
[edit]grave (imperative grav, present tense graver, passive graves, simple past gravde or grov, past participle gravd, present participle gravende)
Etymology 2
[edit]From French grave (“serious, low-pitched; back”), from Middle French grave, from Old French grave, from Latin gravis (“heavy, grave, serious”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”), from *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”) + *-us (forms adjectives).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]grave m (definite singular graven, indefinite plural graver, definite plural gravene)
- Only used in accent grave (“grave accent”)
References
[edit]Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Verb
[edit]grave (present tense grev, past tense grov, past participle grave, passive infinitive gravast, present participle gravande, imperative grav)
- Alternative form of grava
Derived terms
[edit]Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Medieval Latin grava, from Gaulish *grawa, *growa, from Proto-Celtic *grāwā, related to Cornish grow (“gravel”), Breton grouan, and Welsh gro (“gravel”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr-eu-d-.
Noun
[edit]grave oblique singular, f (oblique plural graves, nominative singular grave, nominative plural graves)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (grave)
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese grave, from Latin gravis (“heavy; grave”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us.
Adjective
[edit]grave m or f (plural graves, comparable, comparative mais grave, superlative o mais grave or gravíssimo)
- serious; grave (having possible severe negative consequences)
- (of sound) low-pitched; grave (low in pitch or tone)
- grave; serious; sombre; austere; solemn (characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness)
- Synonyms: sério, austero, circunspecto, sisudo, solene
- O programa tinha um tom grave.
- The program had a serious tone.
- (physics) that falls down; that doesn’t float
- O balão não é um corpo grave.
- Balloons are not a falling body.
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]grave m (plural graves)
- (music) a low-pitched note
- (physics) a body that falls down
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]grave
- inflection of gravar:
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from Italian grave.
Adjective
[edit]grave
- inflection of grav:
Adverb
[edit]grave
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Spanish grave, from Latin gravis. Cf. also the attested Old Spanish form grieve, from Early Medieval Latin grevis, which was more common in other Romance-speaking areas.[1]
Adjective
[edit]grave m or f (masculine and feminine plural graves, superlative gravísimo)
- serious, grave
- Synonym: serio
- bass (sound)
- solemn
- Synonym: solemne
- (phonetics) paroxytone; stressed in the penultimate syllable
- Synonym: llano
- Coordinate terms: agudo, esdrújulo, sobresdrújulo
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Tagalog: grabe
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]grave
- inflection of gravar:
Further reading
[edit]- “grave”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
References
[edit]- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Anagrams
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Adjective
[edit]grave
Anagrams
[edit]West Frisian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Frisian grava, from Proto-West Germanic *graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]grave
- to dig
Inflection
[edit]Strong class 6 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | grave | |||
3rd singular past | groef | |||
past participle | groeven | |||
infinitive | grave | |||
long infinitive | graven | |||
gerund | graven n | |||
auxiliary | hawwe | |||
indicative | present tense | past tense | ||
1st singular | graaf | groef | ||
2nd singular | graafst | groefst | ||
3rd singular | graaft | groef | ||
plural | grave | groeven | ||
imperative | graaf | |||
participles | gravend | groeven |
Further reading
[edit]- “grave”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/eɪv
- Rhymes:English/eɪv/1 syllable
- Rhymes:English/ɑːv
- Rhymes:English/ɑːv/1 syllable
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrebʰ-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English intransitive verbs
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-
- English terms borrowed from Middle French
- English terms derived from Middle French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English adjectives
- en:Phonology
- English dated terms
- English terms with historical senses
- en:Nautical
- English class 6 strong verbs
- en:Burial
- en:Diacritical marks
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish terms borrowed from Italian
- Danish terms derived from Italian
- Danish terms derived from Latin
- Danish lemmas
- Danish adverbs
- da:Music
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Danish verbs
- Danish non-lemma forms
- Danish noun forms
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/aːvə
- Rhymes:Dutch/aːvə/2 syllables
- Dutch terms with homophones
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto adverbs
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms derived from Latin
- French doublets
- French lemmas
- French adjectives
- fr:Phonetics
- French terms with quotations
- French adverbs
- French informal terms
- French slang
- French terms with usage examples
- French non-lemma forms
- French verb forms
- fr:Personality
- Italian terms borrowed from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian doublets
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ave
- Rhymes:Italian/ave/2 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian adjectives
- Italian terms with usage examples
- it:Music
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin adjective forms
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Late Middle English
- Early Middle English
- Middle English verbs
- enm:Burial
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French nouns
- Middle French feminine nouns
- Middle French countable nouns
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle High German terms with audio links
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German nouns
- Middle High German masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål verbs
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from French
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from French
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Middle French
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old French
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/ɑːʋ
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with homophones
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk strong verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk class 6 strong verbs
- Old French terms derived from Medieval Latin
- Old French terms derived from Gaulish
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French lemmas
- Old French nouns
- Old French feminine nouns
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/avi
- Rhymes:Portuguese/avi/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Portuguese/avɨ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/avɨ/2 syllables
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese adjectives
- Portuguese comparable adjectives
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- pt:Physics
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Music
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Romanian terms borrowed from Italian
- Romanian unadapted borrowings from Italian
- Romanian terms derived from Italian
- Romanian non-lemma forms
- Romanian adjective forms
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian adverbs
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/abe
- Rhymes:Spanish/abe/2 syllables
- Spanish terms with homophones
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish adjectives
- Spanish epicene adjectives
- es:Phonetics
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish adjective forms
- West Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian verbs
- West Frisian class 6 strong verbs