doctor
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- doctour (obsolete)
Etymology
[edit]From Middle English doctor (“an expert, authority on a subject”), doctour, from Anglo-Norman doctour, from Latin doctor (“teacher”), from doceō (“I teach”). Displaced native Middle English lerare (“doctor, teacher”) (from Middle English leren (“to teach, instruct”) from Old English lǣran, lēran (“to teach, instruct, guide”), compare Old English lārēow (“teacher, master”)). Displaced Old English lǣċe (“doctor, physician”), and doublet of docent.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈdɒktə/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈdɑktɚ/
- (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈdɔktə/, /ˈdɒktə/
Audio (UK): (file) Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -ɒktə(ɹ)
- Hyphenation: doc‧tor
Noun
[edit]doctor (plural doctors)
- A physician; a member of the medical profession; one who is trained and licensed to heal the sick or injured. The final examination and qualification may award a doctor degree in which case the post-nominal letters are D.O., DPM, M.D., DMD, DDS, in the US or MBBS in the UK.
- If you still feel unwell tomorrow, see your doctor.
- 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:
- By medicine life may be prolonged, yet death / Will seize the doctor too.
- A person who has attained a doctorate, such as a Ph.D. or Th.D. or one of many other terminal degrees conferred by a college or university.
- A veterinarian; a medical practitioner who treats non-human animals.
- A nickname for a person who has special knowledge or talents to manipulate or arrange transactions.
- (obsolete) A teacher; one skilled in a profession or a branch of knowledge; a learned man.
- 1552, Hughe Latymer [i.e., Hugh Latimer], Augustine Bernher, compiler, “[The First Sermon]”, in Certayn Godly Sermons, Made uppon the Lords Prayer, […], London: […] John Day, […], published 1562, →OCLC, folio 5, verso:
- So from that tyme forwarde I began to ſmell the word of god, and forſoke the ſchole doctors and ſuch foolries.
- 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Goodness and Goodness of Nature”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:
- one of the doctors of Italy, Nicholas Macciavel
- (dated) Any mechanical contrivance intended to remedy a difficulty or serve some purpose in an exigency.
- the doctor of a calico-printing machine, which is a knife to remove superfluous colouring matter
- the doctor, or auxiliary engine, also called "donkey engine"
- 2010, Ramesh Bangia, Dictionary of Information Technology, page 172:
- The use of a disk doctor may be the only way of recovering valuable data following a disk crash.
- A fish, the friar skate.
- (obsolete, nautical, slang) A ship's cook.
- 1844, William Robert Wilde, Narrative of a Voyage to Madeira, Teneriffe and Along the Shores of the Mediterranean, page 124:
- […] old Scotch Jem the boatswain, tunes his fiddle, and the doctor, (ship's cook,) produces his tambourine; the men dance on deck, […]
- 1881, The United Service, volume 5, page 212:
- His galley is small, and, microscopic as it is, it is shared by his brother in misery, the ship's cook, he whom the crew familiarly know as the “Doctor.”
Usage notes
[edit]- Doctor is capitalized when used as a title:
- Doctor Smith
- In the UK and Commonwealth (except Canada), a surgeon (including a dental or veterinary surgeon) is commonly addressed as Mr./Ms./Mrs. rather than Doctor.
Synonyms
[edit]- (physician): doc (informal), family doctor, general practitioner, GP (UK), medic, physician, sawbones (slang), surgeon (who undertakes surgery); see also Thesaurus:physician
- (veterinarian): vet, veterinarian, veterinary, veterinary surgeon
Derived terms
[edit]See also Types of academic doctor below
- abortion doctor
- an apple a day keeps the doctor at bay
- an apple a day keeps the doctor away
- Angelic Doctor
- barefoot doctor
- bedoctor
- Cape Doctor
- cleaning-doctor
- clown doctor
- color-doctor, colour-doctor
- company doctor
- couch doctor
- dedoctor
- doc
- doctoral
- doctor-assisted suicide
- doctor bird
- doctor blade
- doctor-box
- doctordom
- doctoress, doctress
- doctor-fish
- doctor-gum
- doctorhead, doctorhood
- doctorise, doctorize
- doctorish
- doctorishness
- doctorism
- doctor killer
- doctorless
- doctorly
- Doctor Martens
- Doctor of Divinity
- Doctor of Law
- Doctor of Letters
- Doctor of Philosophy
- Doctor of Science
- Doctor of the Chair
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
- doctor's bonnet
- doctor's certificate
- Doctors' Commons
- doctor's curse
- doctor's gum
- doctor-shears
- doctorship
- doctor shopping
- doctor's note
- doctor's office
- Doctors of the Church
- doctor's orders
- doctorspeak
- doctor's stuff, doctor-stuff
- doctor up
- Doctor Yellow
- Doctor Yellow
- dog doctor
- Dr, Dr.
- eye doctor
- family doctor
- flying doctor
- Fremantle Doctor
- good doctor
- head doctor
- herb doctor
- honorary doctor
- horse-doctor
- horse doctor
- I am a doctor
- is anyone here a doctor
- junior doctor
- kaffir doctor
- lint-doctor
- lint doctor
- mad-doctor
- medical doctor
- obeah doctor
- outfit doctor
- paradoctor
- plague doctor
- play doctor
- pox doctor's clerk
- quack doctor
- rain doctor
- rain-doctor
- rig doctor
- root doctor
- saw doctor
- school doctor
- script doctor
- snake doctor
- spin doctor
- spirit doctor
- the good doctor
- under-doctor
- underdoctored
- under the doctor
- undoctor
- undoctored
- water-doctor
- water doctor
- what the doctor ordered, just what the doctor ordered
- witch doctor
- woman doctor
- you are the doctor, you're the doctor
Related terms
[edit]- Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (D.A.O.M.)
- Doctor of Arts (D.A.)
- Doctor of Architecture (D.Arch.)
- Doctor of Applied Science (D.A.S.)
- Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.)
- Doctor of Chemistry (D.Chem.)
- Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.)
- Doctor of Civil Law (D.C.L.)
- Doctor of Criminal Justice (D.C.J.)
- Doctor of Comparative/Civil Law (D.C.L.)
- Doctor of Computer Science (D.C.S.)
- Doctor of Criminology (D.Crim.)
- Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.M.D.)
- Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S.)
- Doctor of Design (Dr.DES.)
- Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
- Doctor of Environmental Design (D.E.D.)
- Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng.)
- Doctor of Environment (D.Env.)
- Doctor of Engineering Science (D.E.Sc./Sc.D.E.)
- Doctor of Forestry (D.F.)
- Doctor of Fine Arts (D.F.A.)
- Doctor of Geological Science (D.G.S.)
- Doctor of Hebrew Literature/Letters (D.H.L.)
- Doctor of Health and Safety (D.H.S.)
- Doctor of Hebrew Studies (D.H.S.)
- Doctor of Industrial Technology (D.I.T.)
- Doctor of Information Technology (D.I.T.)
- Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.)
- Doctor of Library Science (D.L.S.)
- Doctor of Music (D.M.)
- Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A., A.Mus.D.)
- Doctor of Musical Education (D.M.E.)
- Doctor of Ministry (D.Min./D.M.)
- Doctor of Modern Languages (D.M.L.)
- Doctor of Music Ministry (D.M.M.)
- Doctor of Medical Science (D.M.Sc.)
- Doctor of Nursing Science (D.N.Sc.)
- Doctor of Public Administration (D.P.A.)
- Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.)
- Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
- Doctor of Physical Education (D.P.E.)
- Doctor of Physical Therapy (D.P.T.)
- Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (D.P.M.)
- Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.)
- Doctor of Public Health (D.P.H.)
- Doctor of Professional Studies (D.P.S.)
- Doctor of Religious Education (D.R.E.)
- Doctor of Recreation (D.Rec./D.R.)
- Doctor of Science (D.Sc./Sc.D.)
- Doctor of Science in Dentistry (D.Sc.D.)
- Doctor of Science and Hygiene (D.Sc.H.)
- Doctor of Science in Veterinary Medicine (D.Sc.V.M.)
- Doctor of Sacred Music (D.S.M.)
- Doctor of Social Science (D.S.Sc.)
- Doctor of Social Work (D.S.W.)
- Doctor of Canon Law (J.C.D.)
- Doctor of the Science of Law (L.Sc.D.)
- Doctor of Rehabilitation (Rh.D.)
- Doctor of Sacred Theology (S.T.D.)
- Doctor of Science (D.Sc.)
- Doctor of Technology (D.Tech.)
- Doctor of Theology (Th.D.)
- Doctor of the University (D.Univ)
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine or Veterinary Medical Doctor (D.V.M./V.M.D)
- Divinitatis Doctor, Doctor of Divinity (D.D.)
- Juris Doctor, Doctor of Law (J.D.)
- Optometry Doctor, Doctor of Optometry (O.D.)
- Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws (LL.D.)
- Literarum Doctor, Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.)
- Medicine Doctor, Doctor of Medicine (M.D./D.M.)
- Music Doctor, Doctor of Music (D.Mus.)
Descendants
[edit]- Sranan Tongo: datra
- Tok Pisin: dokta
- → Brunei Malay: doktor
- → Cebuano: doktor
- → Dari: داکتر (dâktar)
- → Ewe: ɖɔkta
- → Hausa: doktā̀
- → Hebrew: דוקטור (dóktor)
- → Bengali: ডাক্তার (ḍaktar)
- → Hindi: डॉक्टर (ḍŏkṭar)
- → Lote: dokta
- → Luo: dokta
- → Malay: doktor
- → Nepali: डाक्टर (ḍākṭar)
- →⇒ Sidamo: doktorichcha
- → Swahili: daktari
- → Thai: ดอกเตอร์ (dɔ́k-dtə̂ə)
- → Unami: ntaktël
- → Urdu: ڈاکٹر (ḍākṭar)
- → Welsh: doctor
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
[edit]doctor (third-person singular simple present doctors, present participle doctoring, simple past and past participle doctored)
- (transitive) To act as a medical doctor to.
- Her children doctored her back to health.
- (intransitive, humorous) To act as a medical doctor.
- 2017, "Do No Harm", season 8, episode 2 of Adventure Time
- Doctor Princess: Put this on. [gives her lab coat to Finn] OK, you're a doctor now. Good luck.
- Finn: Wait, wait, whoa, whoa, whoa, wait! I don't know how to doctor!
- 2017, "Do No Harm", season 8, episode 2 of Adventure Time
- (transitive) To make (someone) into an (academic) doctor; to confer a doctorate upon.
- (transitive) To physically alter (medically or surgically) a living being in order to change growth or behavior.
- They doctored their apple trees by vigorous pruning, and now the dwarfed trees are easier to pick.
- We may legally doctor a pet to reduce its libido.
- (transitive) To genetically alter an extant species.
- Mendel's discoveries showed how the evolution of a species may be doctored.
- (transitive) To alter or make obscure, as with the intention to deceive, especially a document.
- To doctor the signature of an instrument with intent to defraud is an example of forgery.
- 2024 March 11, Mark Landler, Lauren Leatherby, “Princess of Wales Apologizes, Saying She Edited Image”, in The New York Times[1], →ISSN:
- Catherine, the Princess of Wales, apologized on Monday for doctoring a photo of her with her three children, which was recalled by several news agencies on Sunday after they determined the image had been manipulated.
- (transitive) To adulterate, drug, or poison (drink).
- (intransitive, obsolete) To take medicine.
Translations
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See also
[edit]Asturian
[edit]Noun
[edit]doctor m (plural doctores)
- doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]doctor m (plural doctors, feminine doctora)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “doctor” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “doctor”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “doctor” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “doctor” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Dutch doctor, from Latin doctor (“teacher, instructor”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]doctor m (plural doctoren or doctors, diminutive doctortje n)
Synonyms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From doceō (“I teach”) + -tor.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈdok.tor/, [ˈd̪ɔkt̪ɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈdok.tor/, [ˈd̪ɔkt̪or]
Noun
[edit]doctor m (genitive doctōris, feminine doctrīx or doctorissa); third declension
- teacher, instructor
- c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.1310–1312:
- […] et validos partim prae se misere leones
cum doctoribus armatis saevisque magistris
qui moderarier his possent vinclisque tenere,- […] and some let out before them strong lions,
with armed trainers and fierce masters
to manage them and hold them in restraints,
- […] and some let out before them strong lions,
- […] et validos partim prae se misere leones
- (Ecclesiastical Latin) catechist, Doctor of the Church
Declension
[edit]Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | doctor | doctōrēs |
Genitive | doctōris | doctōrum |
Dative | doctōrī | doctōribus |
Accusative | doctōrem | doctōrēs |
Ablative | doctōre | doctōribus |
Vocative | doctor | doctōrēs |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Borrowed terms
- → Albanian: doktor
- → Arabic: دُكْتُور (doktōr, duktūr)
- → Armenian: դոկտոր (doktor)
- → Asturian: doctor
- → Belarusian: доктар (dóktar)
- → Bulgarian: доктор (doktor)
- → Catalan: doctor
- → Central Kurdish: دکتۆر (diktor)
- → Czech: doktor
- → Danish: doktor
- → Estonian: doktor
- → Faroese: doktari
- → Georgian: დოქტორი (dokṭori)
- → German: Doktor, Doctor (obsolete); Dr. (abbreviation)
- → Romanian: doctor
- → German Low German: Dokter
- → Hungarian: doktor
- → Icelandic: doktor
- → Indonesian: doktor
- → Irish: dochtúir
- → Luxembourgish: Dokter
- → Middle Dutch: doctor
- → Latvian: doktors
- → Lithuanian: daktaras
- → Macedonian: доктор (doktor)
- → Norwegian Bokmål: doktor
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: doktor
- → Old French: doctur, docteur
- → Old Czech: doktor (learned)
- Czech: doktor
- → Old Polish: doktor (learned)
- → Russian: до́ктор (dóktor) (see there for further descendants)
- → Saterland Frisian: Dokter
- → Serbo-Croatian: doktor / доктор
- → Slovak: doktor
- → Slovene: doktor
- → Spanish: doctor, Dr., dostor, dotor
- → Swedish: doktor, (Abbreviations) d:r, dr, dr.
- → Finnish: tohtori
- → Ukrainian: доктор (doktor)
- → Vilamovian: dökter
- → Welsh: doethur
- → Yiddish: דאָקטאָר (doktor)
References
[edit]- “doctor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “doctor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- doctor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- doctor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- doctor in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Romanian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- doftor — popular
- доктор (doctor) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin doctor (17th c.), via French docteur or German Doktor.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]doctor m (plural doctori, feminine equivalent doctoriță or (nonstandard) doctoră)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) doctor | doctorul | (niște) doctori | doctorii |
genitive/dative | (unui) doctor | doctorului | (unor) doctori | doctorilor |
vocative | doctorule | doctorilor |
See also
[edit]Spanish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]doctor m (plural doctores, feminine doctora, feminine plural doctoras)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “doctor”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *deḱ-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɒktə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/ɒktə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English dated terms
- en:Nautical
- English slang
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English humorous terms
- en:Healthcare occupations
- en:People
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian nouns
- Asturian masculine nouns
- Catalan terms borrowed from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔktɔr
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch nouns with lengthened vowel in the plural
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Latin terms suffixed with -tor
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the third declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin terms with quotations
- Ecclesiastical Latin
- la:Occupations
- la:Education
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms borrowed from German
- Romanian terms derived from German
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian terms with audio links
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian masculine nouns
- ro:Occupations
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Spanish/oɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/oɾ/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:Healthcare occupations