鯉
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See also: 鲤
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
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鯉 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+7, 18 strokes, cangjie input 弓火田土 (NFWG), four-corner 26314, composition ⿰魚里)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1471, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46182
- Dae Jaweon: page 2003, character 34
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4691, character 9
- Unihan data for U+9BC9
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 鯉 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 鲤 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ).
Etymology
[edit]Schuessler (2007) considers connection to Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ (“fish”) to be unlikely.
Norman (2014) compares it to Proto-Kam-Tai *mbləi (“carp”), suggesting that it may be an early loan from Chinese; compare Thai ปลาไน (nai, “common carp”), Lakkia [script needed] (-plai⁴, “carp”).
See the entry 雙鯉魚 for the figurative senses.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): li3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): li2
- Northern Min (KCR): dì / lǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): lī
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): li3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6li
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǐ
- Wade–Giles: li3
- Yale: lǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ni3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lei5
- Yale: léih
- Cantonese Pinyin: lei5
- Guangdong Romanization: léi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lei4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî
- Hakka Romanization System: liˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: li1
- Sinological IPA: /li²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: li2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dì / lǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti⁴²/, /li²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
Note:
- dì - vernacular;
- lǐ - literary.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lī
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃i³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /li³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
- Tâi-lô: lē
- Phofsit Daibuun: le
- IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /le³³/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lě
- Tâi-lô: lě
- IPA (Lukang): /le³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Sanxia, Yilan, Magong)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tai
- Tâi-lô: tai
- Phofsit Daibuun: day
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Taichung, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tâi
- Tâi-lô: tâi
- Phofsit Daibuun: daai
- IPA (Jinjiang): /tai²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎi
- Tâi-lô: tǎi
- IPA (Lukang): /tai³³/
- Middle Chinese: liX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-rəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rɯʔ/
Definitions
[edit]鯉
- carp, especially the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
- (literary, figuratively) letter; correspondence
- (literary, figuratively) messenger
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 乘鯉／乘鲤
- 九鯉湖／九鲤湖
- 冰鯉／冰鲤
- 剖鯉／剖鲤
- 孔鯉過庭／孔鲤过庭
- 尺鯉／尺鲤
- 控鯉／控鲤
- 文鯉／文鲤
- 朱砂鯉／朱砂鲤
- 朱鯉／朱鲤
- 江鯉／江鲤
- 炰鱉膾鯉／炰鳖脍鲤
- 烹鯉／烹鲤
- 王字鯉／王字鲤
- 琴高乘鯉／琴高乘鲤
- 素鯉／素鲤
- 脂鯉／脂鲤 (zhīlǐ)
- 臥冰求鯉／卧冰求鲤
- 角鯉／角鲤
- 贈鯉／赠鲤
- 赤鯉／赤鲤
- 赬鯉／赪鲤
- 躍鯉／跃鲤
- 遺鯉／遗鲤
- 錦鯉／锦鲤 (jǐnlǐ)
- 陵鯉／陵鲤
- 雙鯉／双鲤 (shuānglǐ)
- 雙鯉魚／双鲤鱼 (shuānglǐyú)
- 駕鯉／驾鲤
- 騎赤鯉／骑赤鲤
- 鯉子／鲤子
- 鯉對／鲤对
- 鯉庭／鲤庭
- 鯉書／鲤书
- 鯉溪／鲤溪 (Lǐxī)
- 鯉簰／鲤簰
- 鯉素／鲤素
- 鯉腸／鲤肠
- 鯉趨／鲤趋
- 鯉風／鲤风
- 鯉魚／鲤鱼 (lǐyú)
- 鯉魚風／鲤鱼风
- 鯪鯉／鲮鲤 (línglǐ)
- 鰻鯉／鳗鲤
- 鱸鯉／鲈鲤
- 鴻消鯉息／鸿消鲤息
- 黃鯉／黄鲤
- 龍鯉／龙鲤 (lónglǐ)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]鯉
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology
[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鯉 |
| こい Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
/ko1pi1/ → /kopi/ → /kofi/ → */kowi/ → /koi/
From Old Japanese, attested in the Nihon Shoki.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]鯉 or 鯉 • (koi) ←こひ (kofi) or コヒ (kofi)?
- carp, specifically, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as コイ.
Synonyms
[edit]- カープ (kāpu)
- こ文字 (komoji, nyōbō kotoba)
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
See also
[edit]- 青魚 (aōo, “black carp”)
- 黒鰱 (kokuren, “bighead carp”)
- 鯱, 鯱鉾 (shachihoko)
- 草魚 (sōgyo, “grass carp”)
- 白鰱 (hakuren), 鰱魚 (rengyo, “silver carp”)
- 鮒 (funa, “crucian carp”)
- 腸香 (wataka)
Proper noun
[edit]- a surname
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]鯉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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