靈
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 靈 |
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Shinjitai | 霊 |
Simplified | 灵 |
Han character
[edit]靈 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+16, 24 strokes, cangjie input 一月口口人 (MBRRO) or 一月口口一 (MBRRM), four-corner 10108, composition ⿱霝巫)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1380, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42532
- Dae Jaweon: page 1889, character 34
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4082, character 12
- Unihan data for U+9748
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 靈 | |
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simp. | 灵 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 靈 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Found as 𩆜 in Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *reːŋ) : phonetic 霝 (OC *reːŋ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”).
The semantic component 玉 (“jade”) may be replaced with 巫 (“witch”), as in the current form, or with 心 (“heart”) or 示 (“memorial tablet”) in the ancient bronze inscription forms.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nin2
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ling1
- Northern Min (KCR): lěng
- Eastern Min (BUC): lìng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6lin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: líng
- Wade–Giles: ling2
- Yale: líng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nin2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
- Sinological IPA (key): /nin²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling4 / leng4
- Yale: lìhng / lèhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling4 / leng4
- Guangdong Romanization: ling4 / léng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ²¹/, /lɛːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- ling4 - literary;
- leng4 - vernacular.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: len3 / liang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /len²²/, /liaŋ²²/
- len3 - literary;
- liang3 - vernacular.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìn
- Hakka Romanization System: linˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: lin2
- Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ling1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /lĩŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lěng
- Sinological IPA (key): /leiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃iŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: leng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤeŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/
Definitions
[edit]靈
- god; deity
- soul; spirit
- effective; efficacious
- keen; quick
- nimble
- (Northern Wu) apt; suitable; high-quality; good
- (Northern Wu) appropriately working; appropriately functioning
- a surname: Ling
Synonyms
[edit]- (effective): (archaic or Hokkien) 靈聖/灵圣 (língshèng), 靈驗/灵验 (língyàn), (Northern Wu) 靈光/灵光 (língguāng)
- (keen):
- 乖巧 (guāiqiǎo)
- 了了 (liǎoliǎo) (literary)
- 伶俐 (línglì)
- 奢遮 (Wu, of a child)
- 宿鬼 (Hokkien)
- 性靈/性灵 (xìnglíng) (literary)
- 敏慧 (mǐnhuì)
- 明慧 (mínghuì)
- 明智 (míngzhì)
- 機敏/机敏 (jīmǐn)
- 機智/机智 (jīzhì)
- 機穎/机颖 (literary)
- 機警/机警 (jījǐng)
- 機靈/机灵
- 活絡/活络 (Wu)
- 睿智 (ruìzhì)
- 穎異/颖异 (yǐngyì) (formal)
- 精濟/精济 (Hokkien, of a child)
- 精靈/精灵 (jīnglíng)
- 精齊/精齐 (Hokkien, of a child)
- 聰慧/聪慧 (cōnghuì)
- 聰敏/聪敏 (cōngmǐn)
- 聰明/聪明 (cōngmíng)
- 聰穎/聪颖 (cōngyǐng) (formal)
- 英明 (yīngmíng)
- 調皮/调皮 (tiáopí)
- 靈光/灵光 (6lin-kuaon) (Wu)
- 鬼 (guǐ) (informal)
Compounds
[edit]- 一機靈/一机灵
- 一點靈犀/一点灵犀
- 七代先靈/七代先灵
- 丁靈/丁灵 (dīnglíng)
- 三靈/三灵
- 不靈/不灵
- 不靈光/不灵光
- 不靈驗/不灵验
- 丕靈/丕灵
- 丟靈/丢灵
- 乞靈/乞灵
- 亡靈/亡灵 (wánglíng)
- 人傑地靈/人杰地灵 (rénjiédìlíng)
- 伯靈/伯灵
- 停靈/停灵 (tínglíng)
- 光靈/光灵
- 冥靈/冥灵
- 冥頑不靈/冥顽不灵 (míngwánbùlíng)
- 參靈/参灵
- 古怪機靈/古怪机灵
- 古怪精靈/古怪精灵
- 古靈精怪/古灵精怪 (gǔlíngjīngguài)
- 周轉不靈/周转不灵
- 哭靈/哭灵 (kūlíng)
- 善靈/善灵 (shànlíng)
- 四靈/四灵
- 圓靈/圆灵
- 在天之靈/在天之灵 (zàitiānzhīlíng)
- 地靈/地灵
- 地靈人傑/地灵人杰
- 坤靈/坤灵
- 報事靈童/报事灵童
- 塗炭生靈/涂炭生灵 (tútànshēnglíng)
- 大愚不靈/大愚不灵
- 天靈/天灵 (tiānlíng)
- 天靈蓋/天灵盖 (tiānlínggài)
- 失靈/失灵 (shīlíng)
- 妙畫通靈/妙画通灵
- 妙發靈機/妙发灵机
- 威靈/威灵
- 威靈頓/威灵顿 (Wēilíngdùn)
- 安靈/安灵 (ānlíng)
- 守靈/守灵 (shǒulíng)
- 尊靈/尊灵
- 小精靈/小精灵
- 屍靈/尸灵
- 幽靈/幽灵 (yōulíng, “ghost”)
- 幽靈人口/幽灵人口
- 幽靈車/幽灵车
- 心有靈犀/心有灵犀 (xīnyǒulíngxī)
- 心靈/心灵 (xīnlíng)
- 心靈手巧/心灵手巧
- 心靈福至/心灵福至
- 心靈音樂/心灵音乐
- 性靈/性灵 (xìnglíng)
- 性靈派/性灵派
- 扶靈/扶灵 (fúlíng)
- 接靈/接灵
- 揚靈/扬灵
- 明靈/明灵 (mínglíng)
- 曜靈/曜灵 (yàolíng)
- 有靈觀/有灵观
- 枕邊靈/枕边灵
- 機靈/机灵
- 死靈/死灵 (sǐlíng)
- 水靈/水灵 (shuǐlíng)
- 泛靈信仰/泛灵信仰
- 活靈活現/活灵活现 (huólínghuóxiàn)
- 海靈/海灵 (hǎilíng)
- 湘靈/湘灵
- 漢靈帝/汉灵帝
- 激靈/激灵 (jīling)
- 炳靈寺/炳灵寺
- 獨抒性靈/独抒性灵 (dúshūxìnglíng)
- 生靈/生灵 (shēnglíng)
- 生靈塗地/生灵涂地
- 生靈塗炭/生灵涂炭 (shēnglíngtútàn)
- 百靈/百灵 (bǎilíng)
- 百靈廟/百灵庙 (Bǎilíngmiào)
- 百靈百驗/百灵百验
- 百靈舌/百灵舌
- 百靈鳥/百灵鸟 (bǎilíngniǎo)
- 皇靈/皇灵
- 矮靈祭/矮灵祭
- 神靈/神灵 (shénlíng)
- 福至心靈/福至心灵
- 萬物之靈/万物之灵
- 萬靈丹/万灵丹 (wànlíngdān)
- 移靈/移灵 (yílíng)
- 空靈/空灵 (kōnglíng)
- 穹靈/穹灵
- 窮靈盡妙/穷灵尽妙
- 精靈/精灵 (jīnglíng)
- 精靈古怪/精灵古怪
- 精靈論/精灵论
- 精靈鬼/精灵鬼
- 耀靈/耀灵 (yàolíng)
- 聖靈/圣灵 (Shènglíng)
- 聰靈/聪灵
- 至靈/至灵
- 芻靈/刍灵
- 英靈/英灵 (yīnglíng)
- 荼毒生靈/荼毒生灵
- 衛靈公/卫灵公
- 言靈/言灵
- 設靈/设灵
- 誓彼襟靈/誓彼襟灵
- 起靈/起灵
- 趙武靈王/赵武灵王
- 輕靈/轻灵
- 辭靈/辞灵
- 迎靈/迎灵
- 通靈/通灵 (tōnglíng)
- 通靈寶玉/通灵宝玉
- 邪靈/邪灵 (xiélíng)
- 鍾靈毓秀/钟灵毓秀 (zhōnglíngyùxiù)
- 阿斯匹靈/阿斯匹灵 (āsīpǐlíng)
- 除靈/除灵
- 陰靈兒/阴灵儿
- 靈丹/灵丹 (língdān)
- 靈人/灵人
- 靈位/灵位 (língwèi)
- 靈保/灵保
- 靈便/灵便 (língbiàn)
- 靈信/灵信
- 靈修/灵修 (língxiū)
- 靈光/灵光 (língguāng)
- 靈光一閃/灵光一闪
- 靈利/灵利 (línglì)
- 靈力/灵力 (línglì)
- 靈動/灵动 (língdòng)
- 靈堂/灵堂 (língtáng)
- 靈境/灵境
- 靈妃/灵妃
- 靈媒/灵媒 (língméi)
- 靈安社/灵安社
- 靈官/灵官
- 靈寢/灵寝 (língqǐn)
- 靈山/灵山 (Língshān)
- 靈山秀水/灵山秀水
- 靈巖/灵岩
- 靈川/灵川 (Língchuān)
- 靈州/灵州
- 靈巧/灵巧 (língqiǎo)
- 靈幔/灵幔
- 靈床/灵床
- 靈府/灵府
- 靈座/灵座
- 靈性/灵性 (língxìng)
- 靈怪/灵怪
- 靈感/灵感 (línggǎn)
- 靈慧/灵慧
- 靈憲/灵宪
- 靈應/灵应
- 靈效/灵效
- 靈敏/灵敏 (língmǐn)
- 靈敏度/灵敏度
- 靈旛/灵旛
- 靈景/灵景 (língyǐng)
- 靈柩/灵柩 (língjiù)
- 靈桌/灵桌
- 靈棋經/灵棋经 (Língqíjīng)
- 靈樁/灵桩
- 靈機/灵机 (língjī)
- 靈機一動/灵机一动 (língjīyīdòng)
- 靈櫬/灵榇
- 靈歌/灵歌
- 靈武/灵武 (Língwǔ)
- 靈氛/灵氛
- 靈氣/灵气 (língqì)
- 靈活/灵活 (línghuó)
- 靈液/灵液
- 靈渠/灵渠 (Líng Qú)
- 靈漢/灵汉 (línghàn)
- 靈牌/灵牌 (língpái)
- 靈物/灵物 (língwù)
- 靈物學/灵物学
- 靈犀/灵犀 (língxī)
- 靈犀相通/灵犀相通
- 靈獸/灵兽 (língshòu)
- 靈界/灵界 (língjiè)
- 靈異/灵异 (língyì)
- 靈療/灵疗
- 靈祇/灵祇
- 靈祐/灵祐
- 靈秀/灵秀
- 靈童/灵童 (língtóng)
- 靈符/灵符
- 靈聖/灵圣 (língshèng)
- 靈肉/灵肉 (língròu)
- 靈脩/灵脩 (língxiū)
- 靈臺/灵台 (língtái)
- 靈芝/灵芝 (língzhī)
- 靈蓋/灵盖
- 靈藥/灵药 (língyào)
- 靈蛇之珠/灵蛇之珠
- 靈蛇髻/灵蛇髻
- 靈蠵/灵蠵
- 靈術/灵术
- 靈變/灵变
- 靈貓/灵猫 (língmāo)
- 靈車/灵车 (língchē)
- 靈透/灵透
- 靈通/灵通 (língtōng)
- 靈鑒/灵鉴
- 靈長目/灵长目 (Língzhǎngmù)
- 靈長類/灵长类
- 靈隱山/灵隐山
- 靈雨/灵雨
- 靈霄寶殿/灵霄宝殿 (Língxiāobǎodiàn)
- 靈頭幡/灵头幡
- 靈顯/灵显
- 靈飆/灵飙
- 靈驗/灵验 (língyàn)
- 靈骨塔/灵骨塔
- 靈體/灵体 (língtǐ)
- 靈魂/灵魂 (línghún)
- 靈魂之窗/灵魂之窗
- 靈魂人物/灵魂人物 (línghún rénwù)
- 靈鷲山/灵鹫山 (Língjiùshān)
- 頂喪駕靈/顶丧驾灵
- 顯靈/显灵 (xiǎnlíng)
- 飛靈/飞灵 (fēilíng)
- 駕靈/驾灵
- 鬼精靈/鬼精灵
- 鬼靈/鬼灵
- 鬼靈信仰/鬼灵信仰
- 鬼靈精/鬼灵精
- 鬼靈精兒/鬼灵精儿
- 魂靈/魂灵 (húnlíng)
- 魯殿靈光/鲁殿灵光
- 黑人靈歌/黑人灵歌
References
[edit]- “靈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]霊 | |
靈 |
Kanji
[edit](Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 霊)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: りょう (ryō)←りやう (ryau, historical)
- Kan-on: れい (rei)
- Tō-on: りん (rin)
- Kun: すだま (sudama, 靈); たま (tama, 靈); ち (chi, 靈); み (mi, 靈)
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Hanja
[edit]靈 (eumhun 신령 령 (sillyeong ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 신령 영 (sillyeong yeong))
Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]靈: Hán Nôm readings: linh, lanh, lẻng, leng, lênh, liêng, lình
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