銅
|
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]銅 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 金月一口 (CBMR), four-corner 87120, composition ⿰釒同)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1304, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40361
- Dae Jaweon: page 1806, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4196, character 7
- Unihan data for U+9285
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 銅 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 铜 |
Chemical element | |
---|---|
Cu | |
Previous: 鎳/镍 (niè) (Ni) | |
Next: 鋅/锌 (xīn) (Zn) |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 銅 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Old Chinese | |
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鮦 | *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ |
侗 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
恫 | *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs |
痌 | *tʰoːŋ |
同 | *doːŋ |
仝 | *zlon, *doːŋ |
銅 | *doːŋ |
桐 | *doːŋ |
峒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
硐 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
筒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
洞 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
烔 | *doːŋ |
挏 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
酮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
鲖 | |
眮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
衕 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
哃 | *doːŋ |
絧 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
姛 | *doːŋʔ |
詷 | *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
胴 | *doːŋs |
駧 | *doːŋs |
迵 | *doːŋs |
戙 | *doːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *doːŋ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).
Etymology
[edit]Since metals are typically associated with color, the word is probably related to 彤 (OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The word "copper" occurs in some Southeast Asian languages with initial l- (Sagart, 1999). Examples include Zhuang luengz, Bouyei luangz and Bu-Nao Bunu loŋ², which are early loans from Chinese.
Tibetan དོང་ཙེ (dong tse, “Chinese copper coin”) was borrowed from Chinese 銅子/铜子 (tóngzǐ).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tong2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): tung2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): tung1
- Northern Min (KCR): dǒ̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dè̤ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6don
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
- Wade–Giles: tʻung2
- Yale: túng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
- Palladius: тун (tun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: tong2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tung
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰoŋ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tung4
- Yale: tùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tung4
- Guangdong Romanization: tung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: huung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tung2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thùng
- Hakka Romanization System: tungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tung2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: tung1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰũŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǒ̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dè̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tøyŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- tông - literary;
- tâng - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: duwng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]ˤoŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/
Definitions
[edit]銅
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 古銅/古铜
- 古銅色/古铜色 (gǔtóngsè)
- 古銅輝石/古铜辉石
- 吹銅/吹铜
- 崔烈銅臭/崔烈铜臭
- 斑光銅礦/斑光铜矿
- 斑銅礦/斑铜矿 (bāntóngkuàng)
- 歹銅舊錫/歹铜旧锡 (pháiⁿ-tâng-kū-siah) (Hokkien)
- 氧化亞銅/氧化亚铜 (yǎnghuàyàtóng)
- 氧化銅/氧化铜 (yǎnghuàtóng)
- 氯化銅/氯化铜 (lǜhuàtóng)
- 渾身銅臭/浑身铜臭
- 炮銅/炮铜
- 煉銅/炼铜 (liàntóng)
- 熟銅/熟铜
- 白銅/白铜 (báitóng)
- 破銅爛鐵/破铜烂铁 (pòtónglàntiě)
- 硫酸銅/硫酸铜 (liúsuāntóng)
- 硝酸銅/硝酸铜 (xiāosuāntóng)
- 碳酸銅/碳酸铜
- 籠銅/笼铜
- 紅銅/红铜 (hóngtóng)
- 紫銅/紫铜 (zǐtóng)
- 自然銅/自然铜
- 荊棘銅駝/荆棘铜驼
- 見鐘不打,更去煉銅/见钟不打,更去炼铜
- 赤銅/赤铜 (chìtóng)
- 赤銅礦/赤铜矿
- 輝銅礦/辉铜矿
- 針灸銅人/针灸铜人 (zhēnjiǔ tóng rén)
- 銅人/铜人 (tóngrén)
- 銅像/铜像 (tóngxiàng)
- 銅匠/铜匠 (tóngjiàng)
- 銅印/铜印
- 銅器/铜器 (tóngqì)
- 銅器時代/铜器时代
- 銅圓/铜圆
- 銅壺/铜壶 (tónghú)
- 銅壺滴漏/铜壶滴漏
- 銅婚/铜婚
- 銅官/铜官 (Tóngguān)
- 銅山/铜山 (tóngshān)
- 銅山西崩,洛鐘東應/铜山西崩,洛钟东应
- 銅幣/铜币 (tóngbì)
- 銅斗兒/铜斗儿
- 銅斗兒家緣/铜斗儿家缘
- 銅斗家私
- 銅斗家計/铜斗家计
- 銅板/铜板 (tóngbǎn)
- 銅柱/铜柱
- 銅模/铜模
- 銅活/铜活 (tónghuó)
- 銅烏/铜乌
- 銅牆鐵壁/铜墙铁壁 (tóngqiángtiěbì)
- 銅版/铜版 (tóngbǎn)
- 銅版畫/铜版画
- 銅版紙/铜版纸
- 銅牌/铜牌 (tóngpái)
- 銅獸/铜兽
- 銅琵鐵板/铜琵铁板
- 銅瓦/铜瓦
- 銅盆撞了鐵掃帚/铜盆撞了铁扫帚
- 銅礦/铜矿 (tóngkuàng)
- 銅筋鐵肋/铜筋铁肋
- 銅筋鐵骨/铜筋铁骨
- 銅管/铜管 (tóngguǎn)
- 銅管樂器/铜管乐器 (tóngguǎn yuèqì)
- 銅管樂隊/铜管乐队 (tóngguǎn yuèduì)
- 銅簧/铜簧
- 銅粉/铜粉
- 銅精/铜精
- 銅綠/铜绿 (tónglǜ)
- 銅線/铜线 (tóngxiàn)
- 銅臭/铜臭 (tóngxiù)
- 銅臭味/铜臭味 (tóngxiùwèi)
- 銅葉/铜叶
- 銅落/铜落
- 銅虎符/铜虎符
- 銅街/铜街
- 銅豌豆/铜豌豆
- 銅鈸/铜钹
- 銅銲/铜焊
- 銅錢/铜钱 (tóngqián)
- 銅鎚/铜锤
- 銅鏡/铜镜 (tóngjìng)
- 銅鐘/铜钟
- 銅鑼/铜锣 (tóngluó)
- 銅鑼燒/铜锣烧 (tóngluóshāo)
- 銅陵/铜陵 (Tónglíng)
- 銅雀/铜雀
- 銅雀臺/铜雀台
- 銅頭鐵額/铜头铁额
- 銅駝/铜驼
- 銅駝荊棘/铜驼荆棘
- 銅駝陌/铜驼陌
- 銅黛/铜黛
- 銅鼓/铜鼓 (tónggǔ)
- 銅龍/铜龙
- 銅龍門/铜龙门
- 鋁青銅/铝青铜
- 鍼灸銅人/针灸铜人
- 鐵壁銅牆/铁壁铜墙
- 鐵心銅膽/铁心铜胆
- 鐵膽銅心/铁胆铜心
- 鐵郭銅關/铁郭铜关
- 鐵銅/铁铜 (Tiětóng)
- 青銅/青铜 (qīngtóng)
- 青銅器/青铜器 (qīngtóngqì)
- 青銅器時代/青铜器时代 (Qīngtóngqì Shídài)
- 黃銅/黄铜 (huángtóng)
- 黝銅礦/黝铜矿
Descendants
[edit]Others:
- → Khmer: ទង់ (tŭəng, “bronze; red copper; alloy of copper and gold”), ថង (thɑɑng, “gold”), ទង (tɔɔng, “gold”)
- → Lao: ທອງ (thǭng, “copper; gold; metal”)
- → Thai: ทอง (tɔɔng, “gold”)
- → Zhuang: doengz (“copper; brass”)
References
[edit]- “銅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04291
- “Entry #10937”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Chemical element | |
---|---|
Cu | |
Previous: ニッケル (nikkeru) (Ni) | |
Next: 亜鉛 (aen) (Zn) |
Kanji in this term |
---|
銅 |
どう Grade: 5 |
kan'yōon |
From Middle Chinese 銅 (MC duwng). Compare modern Min Nan reading tông, Wu don, Xiang dong2.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
銅 |
あかがね Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 赤 (aka, “red”) + 金 (kane, “metal”).[3][1] The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
銅 |
あか Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
Abbreviation of akagane.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]銅: Hán Việt readings: đồng
銅: Nôm readings: đòng, đồng
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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