渴

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See also: 渇
渴 U+6E34, 渴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E34
← 渳
[U+6E33] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 渵 →
[U+6E35]

Translingual

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Han character

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渴 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水日心女 (EAPV), four-corner 36127, composition ⿰氵曷)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 635, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17788
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1042, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1676, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6E34

Chinese

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trad. 渴
simp. # 渴

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 渴
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愒 *kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤 *qaːds
靄 *qaːds, *qaːd
餲 *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd
喝 *qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭 *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad
偈 *ɡrads, *ɡrad
猲 *kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛 *kaːd
輵 *kaːd
獦 *klaːd, *rab
渴 *kʰaːd, *ɡrad
嵑 *kʰaːd
暍 *qʰaːd, *qad
曷 *ɡaːd
褐 *ɡaːd
鶡 *ɡaːd
毼 *ɡaːd
蝎 *ɡaːd
鞨 *ɡaːd, *ɢljad
遏 *qaːd
齃 *qaːd
堨 *qaːd
擖 *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
楬 *kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad
朅 *kʰrad
藒 *kʰrad
竭 *ɡrad, *ɡad
碣 *ɡrad, *ɡad
羯 *kad
鍻 *kad
歇 *qʰad
蠍 *qʰad
謁 *qad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːd, *ɡrad) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd); dry, exhausted (of water).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • Meixian:
    • hod6 - "tired".
Note:
  • khoah - vernacular;
  • khat - literary.
Rime
Character 渴
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 曷 (63)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦曷切
Baxter khat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰat̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰɑt̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ke
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hot3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 渴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kě
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khat ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Nə-[k]ʰˁat/
English thirsty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 渴
Reading # 1/2
No. 5025
Phonetic
component 		曷
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		渴
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰaːd/
Notes 說文右加欠

Definitions

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渴

  1. thirsty
    口渴  ―  kǒukě  ―  thirsty
    渴望  ―  kěwàng  ―  to thirst/to long for
  2. (dialectal Hakka) tired
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 渴 (“thirsty”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 口渴
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 渴
Taiwan 渴
Singapore 口渴
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 渴
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 渴, 炕
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 口乾, 渴
Wuhan 渴, 口乾
Guilin 渴
Liuzhou 口渴, 口乾, 頸乾, 喉乾
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 嘴乾
Hefei 渴, 口乾
Cantonese Guangzhou 頸渴
Hong Kong 頸渴, 口渴
Taishan 頸渴
Yangjiang 頸渴, 渴
Singapore (Guangfu) 頸渴, 口渴
Gan Nanchang 渴
Hakka Meixian 肚渴, 渴
Xingning 嘴渴
Huidong (Daling) 渴
Dongguan (Qingxi) 嘴渴
Heyuan (Bendihua) 口渴
Wengyuan 嘴燥
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頸渴
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 頸渴
Liannan 渴
Jiexi 肚渴
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 渴
Changting 嘴燥
Wuping 嘴恁燥, 嘴恁渴
Wuping (Yanqian) 嘴燥
Wuping (Pingyu) 肚渴
Liancheng 嘴燥
Ninghua 口燥, 渴
Ningdu 嘴燥
Ruijin 嘴燥
Shicheng 嘴燥
Shangyou (Shexi) 口乾
Tonggu (Sandu) 乾
Dayu 口乾
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 嘴渴, 肚渴
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 嘴渴, 肚渴
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 嘴渴, 肚渴
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 嘴渴, 肚渴
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 嘴渴, 肚渴
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 嘴渴
Hong Kong 渴
Yangxi (Tangkou) 渴
Yangchun (Sanjia) 渴
Xinyi (Sihe) 頸渴
Xinyi (Qianpai) 頸渴
Gaozhou (Xindong) 渴
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 渴
Huazhou (Xin'an) 渴
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 嘴燥
Lianjiang (Qingping) 渴
Mengshan (Xihe) 渴
Luchuan 渴
Jin Taiyuan 渴
Northern Min Jian'ou 喙焦
Eastern Min Fuzhou 渴, 喙焦
Matsu 喙焦
Southern Min Xiamen 喙焦, 喙渴
Quanzhou 喙焦
Zhangzhou 喙焦, 喙渴, 喙堅
Zhao'an 喙渴
Taipei 喙焦
New Taipei (Sanxia) 喙焦喉渴
Kaohsiung 喙焦
Yilan 喙焦
Changhua (Lukang) 喙焦
Taichung 喙焦
Tainan 喙焦
Hsinchu 喙焦
Kinmen 喙焦
Penghu (Magong) 喙焦
Penang (Hokkien) 喙焦
Singapore (Hokkien) 喙焦
Manila (Hokkien) 喙焦
Chaozhou 喉焦
Shantou 喉焦
Jieyang 喉焦
Haifeng 喉渴
Singapore (Teochew) 喉焦
Pontianak (Teochew) 喉焦
Wenchang 渴
Haikou 喙渴
Singapore (Hainanese) 渴, 喙渴
Wu Suzhou 嘴乾
Danyang 口乾
Wenzhou 渴, 口燥
Xiang Changsha 口乾, 乾
Shuangfeng 口乾, 乾
Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 疲倦, 疲乏, 疲累, 疲憊, 疲勞
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 累, 乏
Taiwan 累
Malaysia 累
Singapore 累
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 累, 乏
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 乏
Xi'an 乏, 累
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 乏
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 累
Wuhan 累
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 累, 痿
Hefei 累
Cantonese Guangzhou 攰
Hong Kong 攰
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 攰
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 攰
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 攰
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 攰
Macau 攰
Guangzhou (Panyu) 攰
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 攰
Guangzhou (Conghua) 疚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 攰
Foshan 攰
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 疚
Foshan (Shunde) 攰
Foshan (Sanshui) 疚攰
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 疚攰
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 疓
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 疓
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 疚, 攰
Zhuhai (Doumen) 疚, 攰
Jiangmen (Baisha) 疚
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 疚
Taishan 疚, 攰, 疓
Kaiping (Chikan) 疚, 攰
Enping (Niujiang) 疚, 攰
Heshan (Yayao) 疚算
Dongguan 攰
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 攰
Qingyuan 攰
Fogang 攰
Yingde (Hanguang) 攰
Yangshan 攰
Lianshan (Butian) 累
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 攰
Shaoguan 攰
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 攰
Renhua 攰
Lechang 攰
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 攰
Sihui 攰
Guangning 攰
Deqing 攰
Huaiji 攰
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 疓, 攰
Yunfu 攰
Xinxing 疓
Luoding 攰
Yunan (Pingtai) 攰
Yangjiang 攰, 疓
Xinyi 攰
Lianjiang 攰
Nanning 攰
Wuzhou 攰
Yulin 攰, 累
Hepu (Lianzhou) 攰
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 攰
Singapore (Guangfu) 攰
Gan Nanchang 累
Hakka Meixian 𤸁, 渴
Xingning 𤸁
Huidong (Daling) 𤸁
Dongguan (Qingxi) 𤸁
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 𤸁
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 𤸁
Heyuan (Bendihua) 𤸁
Wengyuan 𤸁
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 𤸁
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 𤸁
Liannan 𤸁
Jiexi 渴
Luhe 悿 Hetian, 渴 Xintian
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 悿
Changting 累
Wuping 𤸁
Wuping (Yanqian) 𤸁
Wuping (Pingyu) 𤸁
Liancheng 𤸁
Ninghua 累
Ningdu 累
Ruijin 𤸁
Shangyou (Shexi) 𤸁
Tonggu (Sandu) 累
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𤸁, 悿
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 𤸁, 悿
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 悿
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 悿, 𤸁
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 悿
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 悿
Hong Kong 𤸁
Xinyi (Sihe) 𤸁
Xinyi (Qianpai) 𤸁
Gaozhou (Xindong) 𤸁
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 𤸁
Lianjiang (Qingping) 𤸁
Mengshan (Xihe) 𤸁
Luchuan 𤸁
Senai (Huiyang) 𤸁
Kuching (Hepo) 𤺪
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 渴
Singkawang 渴
Huizhou Jixi 吃力
Jin Taiyuan 乏, 累
Xinzhou 累
Northern Min Jian'ou 累, 軟
Eastern Min Fuzhou 弱
Southern Min Xiamen 𤺪, 厭
Quanzhou 𤺪, 厭
Zhangzhou 𤺪, 厭
Zhao'an 厭, 悿
Taipei 悿
Taipei (Wanhua) 悿, 𤺪
New Taipei (Tamsui) 悿, 𤺪
New Taipei (Sanxia) 悿
New Taipei (Pingxi) 悿, 𤺪
Kaohsiung 悿
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 悿, 𤺪
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 悿
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 悿, 𤺪
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 悿
Yilan 悿, 懶
Yilan (Toucheng) 悿, 𤺪
Changhua (Lukang) 悿
Taichung 𤺪
Taichung (Wuqi) 悿
Tainan 悿, 𤺪
Tainan (Anping) 悿, 𤺪
Taitung 悿
Hsinchu 悿, 𤺪
Kinmen 悿
Penghu (Magong) 悿, 𤺪
Penghu (Xiyu) 悿, 𤺪
Penang (Hokkien) 𤺪
Singapore (Hokkien) 𤺪
Manila (Hokkien) 𤺪
Chaozhou 乏, 累
Shantou 乏, 𤺪
Shantou (Chenghai) 乏
Jieyang 乏
Haifeng 悿
Bangkok (Teochew) 乏
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 乏
Singapore (Teochew) 𤺪, 累, 乏
Leizhou 乏
Wenchang 乏
Haikou 乏
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 瞓
Wu Shanghai 吃力, 衰瘏
Suzhou 吃力
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 吃力
Ningbo 着力, 吃力 rare
Wenzhou 㾯, 吃力
Xiang Changsha 傫
Shuangfeng 鶴累

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (渴):
  • → Vietnamese: khát (渴)

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character 渴
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 薛 (83)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 渠列切
Baxter gjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡˠiᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡᵚiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/giat̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɡjɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭɛt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jié
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		git6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 渴
Reading # 2/2
No. 5055
Phonetic
component 		曷
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		傑
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡrad/
Notes 後通作竭

Definitions

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渴

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 竭 (jié, “to use up; to exhaust; to cause to dry up”)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

渇

Kyūjitai

渴

Kanji

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渴

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 渇)

  1. thirsty
  2. parched
  3. yearn
  4. pine

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): かつ (katsu)、かち (kachi)、けつ (ketsu)、げち (gechi)、かい (kai)
  • Kun: かわく (kawaku, 渴く)

Korean

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Hanja

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渴 (eumhun 목마를 갈 (mongmareul gal))

  1. hanja form? of 갈 (“thirsty”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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渴: Hán Nôm readings: khát, kiệt, hạt, khửa, khở, khưở, khữ, khỡ, khữa, khã

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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