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氣

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 气, 気, and 炁
氣 U+6C23, 氣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C23
← 氢
[U+6C22] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氤 →
[U+6C24]

Translingual

[edit]
Traditional 氣
Shinjitai 気
Simplified 气

Han character

[edit]

氣 (Kangxi radical 84, 气+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 80917, composition ⿹气米)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 599, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
  • Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2011, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6C23

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 氣
simp. 气*
alternative forms
气
炁
𣱛
𣱖
𤽍
气
炁
𣱛
𣱖
𤽍
𣅠
㫓
暣
気
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 氣 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 氣 (Cantonese)
  • 氣 (Classical)
  • Qi (English)

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 氣
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愾 *kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds
忾 *qʰrɯl
刏 *kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls
汽 *kʰɯds
氣 *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds
气 *kʰɯds
忥 *qʰɯds
餼 *qʰɯds
鎎 *qʰɯds
熂 *qʰɯds
霼 *qʰɯds
犔 *qʰɯds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.

Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • kui4 - vernacular;
  • ki4 - literary.
Note: khùi - vernacular, khì - literary.
Note:
  • kui3 - vernacular;
  • ki3 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: kui3 / ki3
      • Sinological IPA: /kʰui²¹/, /kʰi²¹/
Note:
  • kui3 - vernacular;
  • ki3 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 氣
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰi³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
Taoyuan /hi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hei³³/
Nanning /hi³³/
Hong Kong /hei³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰi²¹/
/kʰui²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰɛi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰi³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰi²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xi³⁵/
/xui³⁵/
Rime
Character 氣
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 微 (20)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 去旣切
Baxter khj+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰɨiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiəiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰɨjH/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiəiH/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭəiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰe̯iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hei3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 氣
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjɨjH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qʰəp-s/
English cloudy vapors

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 氣
Reading # 1/2
No. 10140
Phonetic
component 		气
Rime
group 		隊
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰɯds/

Definitions

[edit]

氣

  1. gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma)
    天然氣／天然气  ―  tiānránqì  ―  natural gas
    輪胎漏氣了。／轮胎漏气了。  ―  Lúntāi lòu qì le.  ―  The tire is leaking gas.
  2. (meteorology) air
    出去透透氣！／出去透透气！  ―  Chūqù tòu tòuqì!  ―  Go out to breathe fresh air!
  3. breath (Classifier: 口 m; 股 m; 啖 c)
    喘不過氣來／喘不过气来  ―  chuǎnbùguòqì lái  ―  to be out of breath
    我會戰鬥到最后一口氣。 [MSC, trad.]
    我会战斗到最后一口气。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ huì zhàndòu dào zuìhòu yī kǒu qì. [Pinyin]
    I will fight to my last breath.
  4. (Chinese philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine) qi; vital energy; life force
    元氣／元气  ―  yuánqì  ―  vital energy
    氣虛／气虚  ―  qì xū  ―  to be deficient in vital energy
  5. weather
    天氣／天气  ―  tiānqì  ―  weather
    氣候／气候  ―  qìhòu  ―  climate
  6. smell; odour
    氣味／气味  ―  qìwèi  ―  smell
    滿身酒氣／满身酒气  ―  mǎnshēn jiǔ qì  ―  to have the odor of alcohol all over one's body
  7. anger (Classifier: 條／条 c; 啖 c; 度 c)
    生氣／生气  ―  shēngqì  ―  to get angry
    消消氣／消消气  ―  xiāo xiāoqì  ―  to calm down
  8. to be angry
    我很氣。／我很气。  ―  Wǒ hěn qì.  ―  I'm very angry.
    氣哭了／气哭了  ―  qì kū le  ―  to cry because one was so mad
  9. to make angry; to annoy; to anger; to enrage
    別氣我！／别气我！  ―  Bié qì wǒ!  ―  Don't annoy me!
  10. quality; character; spirit; mettle
    有男人氣／有男人气  ―  yǒu nánrén qì  ―  to be manly
    書生氣／书生气  ―  shūshēng qì  ―  bookishness
  11. vitality; vigor; morale; spirit
    氣概／气概  ―  qìgài  ―  mettle; lofty quality
    一鼓作氣／一鼓作气  ―  yīgǔzuòqì  ―  to accomplish in one vigorous effort
  12. bad habit; bad practice
  13. a surname: Qi
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 天氣 (“weather”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 氣候, 天景, 氣
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 天氣
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 天氣, 天兒
Taiwan 天氣
Ulanhot 天頭
Tongliao 天頭
Chifeng 天氣
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 天氣
Harbin 天氣, 天兒, 天
Shenyang 天氣, 天頭
Malaysia 天氣
Singapore 天氣
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 天兒
Tangshan 天氣, 天頭
Cangzhou 天氣
Baoding 天氣, 天道
Shijiazhuang 天氣
Jinan 天氣, 天兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 天氣
Qingdao 天氣, 天兒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 天氣
Wanrong 天氣
Zhengzhou 天氣
Xi'an 天氣
Dingbian 天, 天氣
Xining 天氣, 天氣兒
Xuzhou 天氣, 天
Qimen (Anling; Junhua) 天氣
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 天氣
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 天氣
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 天氣
Bayanhot 天氣
Lanzhou 天氣
Ürümqi 天氣, 天
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 天氣
Wuhan 天氣, 天道
Guiyang 天氣
Kunming 天氣
Guilin 天氣
Guilin (Lingui) 天氣
Pingle 天氣
Liuzhou 天氣, 天時
Liuzhou (Luorong) 天氣
Luzhai 天氣
Nanning (Wuming) 天氣, 天色
Hechi (Yizhou) 天氣, 天時
Luocheng (Dongmen) 天氣
Tianlin (Langping) 天氣
Mae Salong (Lancang) 天氣, 天時
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 天氣
Oudomxay 天氣
Pematangsiantar 天氣
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 天氣, 天
Yangzhou 天氣, 天
Nantong 天氣
Hefei 天氣
Huanggang 天頭
Cantonese Guangzhou 天氣, 天時, 天候
Hong Kong 天氣, 天時, 天候
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 天候, 天時
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 天時, 天氣
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 天時
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 天時
Macau 天氣
Guangzhou (Panyu) 天時
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 天氣
Guangzhou (Conghua) 天時
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 天氣
Foshan 天時
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 天時
Foshan (Shunde) 天氣
Foshan (Sanshui) 天氣
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 天氣
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 天時
Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka) 天氣
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 天時
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 天時
Zhuhai (Doumen) 天時
Jiangmen (Baisha) 天時
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 天時
Taishan 天時, 天氣
Taishan (Guanghai) 天氣
Kaiping (Chikan) 天時
Enping (Niujiang) 天時
Heshan (Yayao) 天氣
Dongguan 天時, 天氣
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 天時
Qingyuan 天時
Fogang 天時
Yingde (Hanguang) 天時
Yangshan 天氣
Lianshan (Butian) 天氣
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 天氣
Shaoguan 天時
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 天候, 天氣
Renhua 天時
Lechang 天氣
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 天氣
Sihui 天時
Guangning 天時
Deqing 天時, 天氣
Huaiji 天時
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 天氣
Yunfu 天氣
Xinxing 天時
Luoding 天時
Yunan (Pingtai) 天氣
Yangjiang 天時, 天氣
Xinyi 天氣
Lianjiang 天氣
Nanning 天氣
Wuzhou 天氣
Yulin 天氣
Hepu (Lianzhou) 天時, 天氣
Hepu (Shatian) 天時
Guiping 天氣
Guiping (Jintian) 天氣
Guiping (Jiangkou) 天氣, 天時, 天色
Guiping (Madong) 天氣, 天色
Mengshan (Xihe) 天色
Guigang (Nanjiang) 天氣
Beiliu 天氣, 天色
Beiliu (Tangliao) 天色
Baise 天氣
Bobai 天氣
Lingshan 天氣
Pubei 天氣
Qinzhou 天氣
Beihai 天氣, 天時
Beihai (Nankang) 天時
Beihai (Yingpan) 天時
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 天氣, 天時
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 天氣, 天時
Ningming 天氣
Hengzhou 天氣
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 天氣
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 天氣, 天時
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 天時
Pingle (Majia) 天氣
Pingle (Shuishan) 天氣
Danzhou 天
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 天時, 天氣
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 天時
Móng Cái 天氣, 天時
Yangon (Taishan) 天氣, 氣候
Mandalay (Taishan) 天氣
Bangkok (Guangfu) 天時
Gan Nanchang 天氣, 天色
Pengze 天勢
Lichuan 天氣, 天頭
Pingxiang 天, 天氣
Hakka Meixian 天氣, 天色, 天時
Xingning 天時
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 天時
Huidong (Daling) 天時
Dongguan (Qingxi) 天時
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 天時
Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) 天時
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 天時
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 天時
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 天時
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 天氣
Changting 天時
Wuping 天時
Wuping (Pingyu) 天時
Liancheng 天時
Liancheng (Peitian) 天意
Yudu 天氣
Ruijin 天氣
Shicheng 天頭
Shangyou (Shexi) 天色
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 天時, 天氣
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 天時, 天氣
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 天時, 天氣
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 天時, 天氣
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 天時, 天氣
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 天氣
Hong Kong 天時
Luchuan (Daqiao) 天氣
Bobai (Shahe) 天氣
Bobai (Longtan) 天氣
Bobai (Lingping) 天氣, 天時
Beiliu (Tang'an) 天時
Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) 天氣
Mashan (Pianlian) 天氣
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 天氣
Pingle (Tong'an) 天氣
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 天氣
Sabah (Longchuan) 天時
Senai (Huiyang) 天時
Singkawang 天時, 天氣
Pontianak (Meixian) 天時, 天氣
Bangkok (Meixian) 天時
Bangkok (Fengshun) 天氣
Bangkok (Jiexi) 天時
Huizhou Jixi 天公
Shexian 天氣
Shexian (Xianggao) 天氣
Shexian (Daguyun) 天氣
Qimen (Anling; Minhua) 天氣
Jin Taiyuan 天氣, 天
Datong 天氣
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 天氣
Xinzhou 天氣
Changzhi 天氣
Taibus (Baochang) 天氣
Linhe 天氣
Jining 天氣
Hohhot 天氣, 氣候
Baotou 天氣
Dongsheng 天氣
Haibowan 天氣
Zhangjiakou 天氣
Handan 天氣
Northern Min Jian'ou 天氣, 天時
Pucheng (Shibei) 天氣
Eastern Min Fuzhou 天氣, 天時
Fuqing 天氣
Matsu 天氣
Southern Min Xiamen 天時, 天氣
Quanzhou 天時, 天氣
Shishi 天時
Yongchun 天色
Zhangzhou 天時, 天氣
Zhao'an 天氣, 天時
Dongshan 天時
Penang (Hokkien) 天時
Singapore (Hokkien) 天時, 天氣
Manila (Hokkien) 天氣
Pingnan (Shangdu) 天氣
Guiping (Xiaowen) 天氣
Guiping (Dongsheng) 天氣
Guilin (Biyange) 天氣
Yuhuan (Kanmen) 天時
Chaozhou 天時, 天氣
Shantou 天時
Shantou (Chenghai) 天時
Shantou (Chaoyang) 天時
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 天時
Nan'ao (Yun'ao) 天時
Jieyang 天時
Lufeng 天時
Haifeng 天時
Bangkok (Teochew) 天時
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 天時
Singapore (Teochew) 天時
Pontianak (Teochew) 天時
Wenchang 天氣
Haikou 天時
Qionghai 天氣
Singapore (Hainanese) 天氣
Puxian Min Putian 天時
Xianyou 天時
Central Min Yong'an 天氣
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 天氣
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 天時
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 天時
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 天氣
Nanning (Shajing) 天氣
Nanning (Silian) 天氣
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 天氣
Guilin (Chaoyang) 天氣
Guilin (Zhuyuan) 天氣
Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 天氣
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 天氣
Lingchuan (Tanxia) 天氣
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 天氣
Guanyang (Guanyinge) 天色
Pingle (Zhangjia) 天氣
Yangshuo (Jima) 天氣
Yangshuo (Putao) 天色, 天氣
Shehua Fu'an 天性
Fuding 天氣
Luoyuan 天性
Sanming 天氣
Shunchang 天氣
Hua'an 天時
Guixi (Zhangping) 天氣
Cangnan 天氣
Jingning (Hexi) 天性
Lishui 天性
Longyou 天性
Chaozhou 天氣
Fengshun 天時
Waxiang Luxi (Liangjiatan) 天氣
Chengbu (Xuntou) 天色
Wu Shanghai 天氣
Shanghai (Chongming) 天色
Suzhou 天氣, 天
Danyang 天氣, 天光
Hangzhou 天空
Shaoxing 天家
Shaoxing (Keqiao) 天時
Ningbo 天家
Linhai 天家
Yuhuan (Damaiyu) 天色
Yuhuan (Chumen) 天家
Wenzhou 天色, 天時
Jinhua 天公, 天氣
Xiang Changsha 天色, 天氣
Xiangxiang 天氣
Loudi 天色
Shuangfeng 天氣
Hengshan 天
Hengshan (Baiguo) 天
Quanzhou 天氣
Guanyang (Wenshi) 天氣
  • (smell):
Dialectal synonyms of 氣味 (“smell; odour”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 氣息, 臭味, 氣
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 味兒
Taiwan 味
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 味兒
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 味兒, 味氣
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 味味子, 味味兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 氣氣, 味道
Wuhan 氣味, 氣色
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 味道
Hefei 味道, 氣味
Cantonese Guangzhou 味, 𡃴
Hong Kong 味, 𡃴
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 𡃴
Yangjiang 味, 𡃴
Gan Nanchang 氣味
Hakka Meixian 味道, 氣味
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 味道, 氣味
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 味道, 氣味
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 味道, 氣味
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 味道, 氣味
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 味道, 氣味
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 味道, 氣味
Hong Kong 味
Jin Taiyuan 味氣
Northern Min Jian'ou 味道, 氣色
Eastern Min Fuzhou 味
Southern Min Xiamen 味, 味素
Quanzhou 味, 味素
Zhangzhou 味
Singapore (Hokkien) 味, 味素, 峇羽
Manila (Hokkien) 味, 味素
Chaozhou 味, 味素, 羶, 氣味
Wu Suzhou 味道, 氣味
Wenzhou 氣道
Xiang Changsha 氣色, 味道, 氣味
Shuangfeng 氣色, 氣
  • (to be angry):
Dialectal synonyms of 生氣 (“to be angry”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 怒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 生氣
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 生氣
Taiwan 生氣
Harbin 生氣
Singapore 生氣
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 生氣
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 生氣
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 生氣, 發氣, 發火兒, 惱火, 發毛, 毛火
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 生氣
Xi'an 生氣, 著氣
Xining 生氣
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 生氣, 著氣
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 慪氣, 慪, 生氣, 發氣
Wuhan 慪氣, 慪, 起氣, 氣, 發氣
Guiyang 生氣, 發氣
Guilin 生氣, 發氣
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 生氣
Yangzhou 著氣, 見氣
Hefei 生氣
Cantonese Guangzhou 發嬲, 嬲, 激氣
Hong Kong 發嬲, 嬲, 激氣
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 怒氣, 發火, 谷氣
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 谷氣
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 惱
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 谷氣
Macau 嬲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 嬲
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 嬲
Guangzhou (Conghua) 嬲
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 嬲
Foshan 嬲
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 嬲
Foshan (Shunde) 嬲
Foshan (Sanshui) 發嬲
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 發嬲
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 嬲
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 嬲
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 嬲
Zhuhai (Doumen) 嬲
Jiangmen (Baisha) 嬲
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 嬲
Taishan 嬲
Kaiping (Chikan) 嬲
Enping (Niujiang) 嬲
Heshan (Yayao) 嬲
Dongguan 谷氣
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 嬲
Shaoguan 嬲
Yunfu 嬲
Yangjiang 激氣
Xinyi 嬲
Lianjiang 嬲
Hepu (Lianzhou) 屈火
Hepu (Shatian) 生氣, 嬲氣
Qinzhou 發相, 發火, 激, 激氣
Qinzhou (Changtan) 發火, 發氣, 發性, 發火, 冒火, 火冒, 極, 極氣
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 發性, 激氣
Beihai 發脾氣
Beihai (Nankang) 嬲
Beihai (Yingpan) 嬲
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 嬲, 發性
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 嬲
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 嬲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 撞火
Singapore (Guangfu) 嬲
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 嬲
Móng Cái 嬲
Yangon (Taishan) 嬲
Mandalay (Taishan) 發氣
Gan Nanchang 著氣
Lichuan 發氣, 著氣
Pingxiang 見氣, 發氣
Hakka Meixian 激氣, 閼, 發譴
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 嬲
Dongguan (Qingxi) 閼
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 嬲
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 嬲
Wengyuan 閼
Liannan 發性
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 發嬲
Jiexi 閼
Changting 氣
Wuping (Yanqian) 惱, 發火
Ninghua 生氣
Yudu 發氣
Ningdu 氣
Tonggu (Sandu) 著氣
Ganzhou (Panlong) 著急
Dayu 發火
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 譴, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 譴, 發譴, 受氣
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 閼, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 譴, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 閼, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 氣, 發性, 受氣
Hong Kong 發火
Luchuan 火起
Senai (Huiyang) 嬲
Singapore (Dabu) 生氣
Huizhou Jixi 發響, 見氣
Jin Taiyuan 生氣
Northern Min Jian'ou 燒色, 急
Eastern Min Fuzhou 受氣
Southern Min Xiamen 受氣, 起歹面
Xiamen (Tong'an) 受氣
Zhao'an 生氣
Taipei 受氣
New Taipei (Sanxia) 受氣
Kaohsiung 受氣
Yilan 受氣
Changhua (Lukang) 受氣, 惱氣
Taichung 受氣
Tainan 受氣
Hsinchu 受氣
Kinmen 受氣
Penghu (Magong) 受氣
Penang (Hokkien) 起癀
Singapore (Hokkien) 受氣
Manila (Hokkien) 受氣
Chaozhou 生氣, 氣
Shantou 生氣
Jieyang 生氣, 激氣
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 生氣
Singapore (Teochew) 生氣, 氣, 受氣
Wu Shanghai 生氣, 見氣
Suzhou 動氣, 氣
Danyang 生氣, 見氣
Wenzhou 生氣, 氣, 急
Jinhua 生氣, 見氣
Xiang Changsha 發氣, 見氣, 發脾氣
Shuangfeng 發氣
  • (vitality):

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (氣):
  • → Japanese: 気(き) (ki)
  • → Korean: 기(氣) (gi)
  • → Vietnamese: khí (氣)
  • → English: chi, qi, ki
  • → Finnish: ki

    • Pronunciation 2

    [edit]
    Rime
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 微 (20)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 許旣切
    Baxter xj+jH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hɨiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiəiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiəiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭəiH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/xe̯iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hei3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjɨjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰət-s/
    English to present food

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10143
    Phonetic
    component         		气
    Rime
    group         		隊
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰɯds/
    Notes 後作餼

    Definitions

    [edit]

    氣

    1. † Original form of 餼／饩 (xì, “to give food as a gift”).

    Compounds

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]

    Japanese

    [edit]

    Shinjitai

    		気

    Kyūjitai

    		氣

    Kanji

    [edit]
    氣

    (Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 気)

    Readings

    [edit]
    • Go-on: け (ke)
    • Kan-on: き (ki)
    • Kun: いき (iki, 氣)

    Usage notes

    [edit]

    Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form 気.

    Korean

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Middle Chinese 氣 (MC khj+jH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 킝〮 (Yale: khúy)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 긔〮운〮 (Yale: kúywún) ᄭᅴ〮 (Yale: skúy)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Hanja

    [edit]
    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    氣 (eumhun 기운 기 (giun gi))

    1. hanja form? of 기 (“energy, aura, vitality, vigour”) [noun]

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    References

    [edit]
    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese

    [edit]

    Han character

    [edit]

    氣: Hán Nôm readings: khí

    1. chữ Hán form of khí (“gas; air; spirit”).

    Compounds

    [edit]
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