歷

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See also: 歴 and 历
歷 U+6B77, 歷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B77
← 歶
[U+6B76] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 歸 →
[U+6B78]
歷 U+F98C, 歷
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98C
← 曆
[U+F98B] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 轢 →
[U+F98D]

Translingual

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Traditional 歷
Shinjitai 歴
Simplified 历

Han character

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歷 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一竹木一 (MHDM) or 一木卜中一 (MDYLM), four-corner 71211, composition ⿸厤止)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 577, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16340
  • Dae Jaweon: page 968, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1445, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+6B77

Chinese

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trad. 歷
simp. 历*
alternative forms 歴／历
厯
𢟍

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (秝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
秝 *reːɡ
歷 *reːɡ
曆 *reːɡ
磿 *reːɡ
靂 *reːɡ
癧 *reːɡ
櫪 *reːɡ
藶 *reːɡ
瀝 *reːɡ
攊 *reːɡ
厤 *reːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 止.

Etymology

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Schuessler (2007) considered this word to be of Sino-Tibetan origin and a cognate to Burmese ရေ (re, “to count”), Kinnauri ri (“to count”), Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, “to count; to calculate”), and རྩིས་པ (rtsis pa, “astronomer”); however, STEDT derives Burmese ရေ (re) & Tibetan རྩི (rtsi) from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjəj (“to count”) and does not compare them to Chinese 歷.

One derivative is 曆 (OC *rêk), meaning "calendrical calculations" (Shu) → "calendar";
Another derivative is exopassive 麗 (OC *rê(k)h), meaning "what is calculated → number" (Shi), whose possible allofam is 麗 (OC *rêh).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 歷
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 錫 (127)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 郎擊切
Baxter lek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lek̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lek̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/lek̚/
Wang
Li 		/liek̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/liek̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 歷
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁek/
English pass by; in turn

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 歷
Reading # 1/1
No. 7980
Phonetic
component 		秝
Rime
group 		錫
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		靂
Old
Chinese 		/*reːɡ/

Definitions

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歷

  1. to experience; to go through; to undergo
  2. experience; history; record
  3. to surpass; to exceed; to overstep
  4. to offend; to go against; to undermine
  5. to travel through; to go travelling
  6. extensively; all over; completely
  7. many times; repeatedly
  8. one by one; one at a time
  9. all of the previous (occurrences); all past
  10. to take charge of; to assume (a role)
  11. to choose; to select (a date)
  12. to examine; to scrutinise; to observe; to calculate
  13. clear; distinct; lucid
  14. few and far between; sporadic
  15. a surname

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

歴

Kyūjitai

歷

Kanji

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歷

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 歴)

  1. take place, past, history

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): れき (reki)、りゃく (ryaku)
  • Kun: へる (heru, 歷る)

Korean

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Hanja

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歷 (eumhun 지낼 력 (jinael ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 지낼 역 (jinael yeok))

  1. hanja form? of 력/역 (“go through”)
  2. hanja form? of 력/역 (“experience”)
  3. hanja form? of 력/역 (“undergo”)
  4. hanja form? of 력/역 (“use up”)
  5. hanja form? of 력/역 (“exhaust”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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歷: Hán Nôm readings: lịch, lếch, lệch, rếch

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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