橘
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]橘 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木弓竹月 (DNHB), four-corner 47927, composition ⿰木矞)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 553, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15551
- Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1297, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6A58
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 橘 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 橘 | |
2nd round simp. | 桔 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 橘 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kʷid) : semantic 木 + phonetic 矞 (OC *ɢʷid).
Etymology
[edit]Unknown. Schuessler (2007) connected 橘 (OC kwit) to Khmer ឃ្វិច (khvɨc, “tangerine”) and also deemed as "less likely" connections to ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus”) and Proto-Hre-Sedang *kruč (Bodman, 1980). However, Alves (2018) considered this Old Chinese word's Austroasiatic origin likely, and compared it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ kruəc.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kit
- Jin (Wiktionary): jyeh4
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiat / kit
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 7cioq; 7ciuq / 7ciuq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyú
- Wade–Giles: chü2
- Yale: jyú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyu
- Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwat1
- Yale: gwāt
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwat7
- Guangdong Romanization: gued1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐt̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kit
- Hakka Romanization System: gidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gid5
- Sinological IPA: /kit̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jyeh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕyəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 橘 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕy³⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕy²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕy²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕy¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕy¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕy²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕy³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕiu²¹/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕi³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕyʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕyəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕyʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕai²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕyʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕyn²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕy²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕy²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕyʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kit̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /kit̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kwɐt̚⁵/ |
Nanning | /kɐt̚⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /kwɐt̚⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kut̚³²/ /kiat̚³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɛiʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xi²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kik̚²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /kit̚⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: kjwit
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.k]ʷi[t]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷid/
Definitions
[edit]橘
Usage notes
[edit]See 桔.
Compounds
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “橘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 橘皮 (kigawa, peel of the tachibana fruit)
- 橘中 (kitchū)
- 温州橘 (Unshūkitsu, Citrus unshiu)
- 柑橘 (kankitsu)
- 柑橘類 (kankitsu-rui, citrus fruits as a whole)
- 月橘 (gekkitsu, “orange jessamine”, Murraya paniculata)
- 香橘 (kōkitsu)
- 四季橘 (shikikitsu, “calamondin”, Citrus × microcarpa)
- 臭橘 (shūkitsu, trifoliate orange)
- 盧橘 (rokitsu)
- 金橘 (kinkan)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
橘 |
たちばな Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese 橘 (tatibana). First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]
According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.[1]
A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tachi, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”)) + 花 (hana, “flower”).
Shortened to tachi for some compounds.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- Citrus tachibana, a species of wild, green, inedible citrus fruit native to Japan
- Synonym of 唐橘 (kara-tachibana): the trifoliate orange, Citrus trifoliata, syn. Poncirus trifoliata
- Synonym of 花橘 (hanatachibana): tachibana flowers; Ardesia crenata; Ardesia japonica; a kind of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”)
- (archaic) generic name for citrus fruits that can be eaten raw
- a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of tachibana flowers, fruits, and leaves
Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タチバナ.
Derived terms
[edit]- 橘を (tachibana o, pillow word)
- 橘神道 (Tachibana Shintō)
- 橘寺 (Tachibana-dera)
- 橘鳥 (tachibanadori, “lesser cuckoo”)
- 橘擬 (tachibanamodoki, Pyracantha angustifolia)
- 橘屋 (Tachibana-ya)
- 橘焼, 橘焼き (tachibana-yaki)
- 橘湾 (Tachibana-wan)
- 右近の橘 (Ukon no Tachibana), 御階の橘 (Mihashi no Tachibana)
- 弟橘媛 (Ototachibana-hime), 橘媛 (Tachibana-hime)
- 枸橘 (karatachi, “trifoliate orange”, Citrus trifoliata)
- 唐橘 (kara-tachibana)
- 草橘 (kusa-tachibana)
- 御前橘 (Gozen tachibana)
- 酢橘 (sudachi, “sudachi”, Citrus sudachi)
- 大明橘 (Taimin-tachibana, “Myrsine neriifolia”)
- 花橘 (hanatachibana)
- 姫橘 (hime-tachibana)
- 山橘 (yama-tachibana)
- 大和橘 (Yamato tachibana)
Idioms
[edit]- 江南の橘江北の枳となる (Kōnan no tachibana Kōhoku no karatachi to naru)
Proper noun
[edit]- short for 橘氏 (Tachibana-uji): an ancient clan who often held high-ranking positions in the medieval Japanese court, descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe
- (historical) a Sakura-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy (see
Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1912) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
- Hypernym: 桜 (Sakura)
- (historical) a destroyer subclass of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, modified from the Matsu-class destroyers
- (historical) the lead ship of the Tachibana-subclass destroyers (see
Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1944) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
- a placename, especially in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture where the titular 菩提寺 (bodaiji) is located
- a surname
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
橘 |
きつ Jinmeiyō |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 橘 (MC kjwit).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 橘家神道 (Kikke Shintō)
- 源平藤橘 (Genpeitōkitsu, the four major clans in the Nara period: Minamoto, Taira, Fujiwara and Tachibana)
Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
- a surname
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “橘”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]橘 (eumhun 귤나무 귤 (gyullamu gyul))
Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]
According to the Nihon Shoki in a section describing the 90th year of the reign of the legendary 垂仁天皇 (Suinin Tennō, “Emperor Suinin”, traditionally regarded as living from 69 BCE – 70 CE and reigning from 29 BCE – 70 CE), a legendary figure named 田道間守 (Tajimamori) was tasked with bringing back from the heavens a 非時香菓 (tokijiku no kagu no konomi, literally, “timeless fragrant tree-fruit”; the same incident is also included in the Kojiki). This is often interpreted to be a reference to tachibana, but the text itself is not specific.[1]
A surface analysis suggests that this is a compound of 立ち (tati, “standing”, from verb 立つ (tatu, “to stand”)) + 花 (pana, “flower”).
Noun
[edit]橘 (tatibana) (kana たちばな)
- any raw edible citrus fruit
- Citrus tachibana, a species of green citrus fruit
Derived terms
[edit]- 橘を (tatibana wo, pillow word)
- 弟橘媛 (Oto2tatibana-pi1me1)
Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 橘 (tachibana)
Proper noun
[edit]橘 (Tatibana) (kana たちばな)
- a powerful clan descended from Agata no Inukai no Michiyo and later Tachibana no Moroe
Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 橘 (Tachibana)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “橘”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]橘: Hán Nôm readings: quất, quít, quầng, quắt
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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