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U+6563, 散
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6563

[U+6562]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6564]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 66, +8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿月人大 (TBOK), four-corner 48240, composition ⿰⿱)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 472, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13265
  • Dae Jaweon: page 825, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1465, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+6563

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
Hokkien
𰇼 Hokkien
Hokkien

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (bamboo) + (to knock, to tap) – to smash bamboos.

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) : semantic + phonetic 𢽳 ().

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjwar ~ g/b-sjwa-n/t (flow; pour; scatter; spill; sow; broadcast). Cognate with (OC *saːd, “to cast away; to let go”), (OC *sqʰon, “to spread; to proclaim”), Tibetan འཆོར་བ ('chor ba, to escape; to flow out), Burmese သွန် (swan, to pour out; to spill), Lahu šē (to sow; to broadcast), Lahu šêʔ (to pour; to spill; to disperse; to sow; to broadcast).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • sóaⁿ - vernacular;
  • sán - literary;
  • sám - literary ("to sprinkle, to spread, to gobble, carelessly, casually");
  • sáng - literary ("to put on the fire").
Note: suan2 - “medicine in powdered form”.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (16)
Final () (61)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter sanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/sɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/sɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen
/sɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/sanX/
Li
Rong
/sɑnX/
Wang
Li
/sɑnX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/sɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
sǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
saan2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
sǎn
Middle
Chinese
‹ sanX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]ˁa[n]ʔ/
English scattered (adj.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 10967
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*saːnʔ/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. free and unfettered
  2. natural and restrained; at ease
  3. loose; free
  4. to become loose; to break apart; to fall apart
  5. scattered; fragmentary; odd; apart; sporadic; temporary
  6. mixed and disorderly; miscellaneous; random
  7. (literature) free from parallelism
  8. careless; incautious; inattentive
  9. ordinary; useless
  10. (traditional Chinese medicine) medicine in powder form
  11. (Hokkien) to sprinkle; to spread (such as salt, powder, wood, ashes, medicinal powder, sawdust, fuel, etc.)
  12. (Quanzhou and Tong'an Hokkien) to put on the fire (such as wood or fuel)
  13. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to gobble; to devour; to gorge
  14. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) casually; at random; carelessly; haphazardly; randomly; as one pleases; without restraint or goal

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𱐠 Hokkien

Note:
  • sòaⁿ - vernacular;
  • sàn - literary (courageous, to stroll, to induce sweat, poor);
  • sàm - literary ("buttoned, fastened, buckled, clasped").

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (16)
Final () (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter sanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/sɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/sɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/sɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/sanH/
Li
Rong
/sɑnH/
Wang
Li
/sɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/sɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
sàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
saan3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
sàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ sanH ›
Old
Chinese
/*mə-sˁa[n]ʔ-s/
English scatter (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 10972
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*saːns/

Definitions

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  1. to break up; to disperse; to scatter
  2. to distribute; to disseminate
  3. to open; to open wide
  4. to dissipate; to distract; to find diversion
  5. to run away; to escape; to flee
  6. to express; to declare; to explain
  7. to end; to finish; to be over
  8. to lose; to miss
  9. to herd; to graze; to walk (animals)
  10. chaotic; helter-skelter
  11. (Hokkien) to induce sweat
  12. (Hokkien) buttoned; fastened with a Chinese button knot or button; buckled; clasped
    長衫长衫 [Hokkien]  ―  tn̂g-saⁿ sàm-kûn [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  long gown and full flowing skirt (full Ming dynasty dress)
  13. (Mainland China Hokkien) courageous; fearless
  14. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien) to stroll; to saunter; to go for a walk
  15. (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) poor

Synonyms

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  • (poor):
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Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. scatter

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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(san) (hangeul , revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: tản, tảng, tan, tởn, tán

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.