散
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]散 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿月人大 (TBOK), four-corner 48240, composition ⿰⿱龷月攵)
Derived characters
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 472, character 34
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13265
- Dae Jaweon: page 825, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1465, character 15
- Unihan data for U+6563
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 散 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 散 | |
alternative forms | 㪚 撒 Hokkien 嘇/𰇼 Hokkien 糝/糁 Hokkien |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 散 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 竹 (“bamboo”) + 攴 (“to knock, to tap”) – to smash bamboos.
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *saːnʔ, *saːns) : semantic 肉 + phonetic 𢽳 ().
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjwar ~ g/b-sjwa-n/t (“flow; pour; scatter; spill; sow; broadcast”). Cognate with 撒 (OC *saːd, “to cast away; to let go”), 宣 (OC *sqʰon, “to spread; to proclaim”), Tibetan འཆོར་བ ('chor ba, “to escape; to flow out”), Burmese သွန် (swan, “to pour out; to spill”), Lahu šē (“to sow; to broadcast”), Lahu šêʔ (“to pour; to spill; to disperse; to sow; to broadcast”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): saan2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): san / sán
- Eastern Min (BUC): sāng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5se
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sǎn
- Wade–Giles: san3
- Yale: sǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: saan
- Palladius: сань (sanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sän²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: saan2
- Yale: sáan
- Cantonese Pinyin: saan2
- Guangdong Romanization: san2
- Sinological IPA (key): /saːn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: san / sán
- Hakka Romanization System: san / sanˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: san4 / san3
- Sinological IPA: /san⁵⁵/, /san³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /saŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Tong'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sáng
- Tâi-lô: sáng
- Phofsit Daibuun: sarng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /saŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Tong'an): /saŋ³¹/
- sóaⁿ - vernacular;
- sán - literary;
- sám - literary ("to sprinkle, to spread, to gobble, carelessly, casually");
- sáng - literary ("to put on the fire").
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: suan3 / suan2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suàⁿ / suáⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /sũã²¹³/, /sũã⁵²/
- Middle Chinese: sanX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤa[n]ʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*saːnʔ/
Definitions
[edit]散
- free and unfettered
- natural and restrained; at ease
- loose; free
- to become loose; to break apart; to fall apart
- scattered; fragmentary; odd; apart; sporadic; temporary
- mixed and disorderly; miscellaneous; random
- (literature) free from parallelism
- careless; incautious; inattentive
- ordinary; useless
- (traditional Chinese medicine) medicine in powder form
- (Hokkien) to sprinkle; to spread (such as salt, powder, wood, ashes, medicinal powder, sawdust, fuel, etc.)
- (Quanzhou and Tong'an Hokkien) to put on the fire (such as wood or fuel)
- (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to gobble; to devour; to gorge
- (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) casually; at random; carelessly; haphazardly; randomly; as one pleases; without restraint or goal
Compounds
[edit]- 一片散沙
- 一盤散沙/一盘散沙 (yīpánsǎnshā)
- 七零八散
- 中散大夫
- 光皮散兒/光皮散儿
- 多道散說/多道散说
- 嵇中散
- 廣陵散/广陵散
- 慢散
- 懶散/懒散 (lǎnsǎn)
- 投閒置散/投闲置散 (tóuxiánzhìsǎn)
- 拆散
- 散人
- 散件
- 散儒
- 散光眼
- 散兵 (sǎnbīng)
- 散兵游勇 (sǎnbīng yóuyǒng)
- 散劑/散剂
- 散嗽
- 散地
- 散套
- 散官
- 散射
- 散居 (sǎnjū)
- 散帙
- 散帶衡門/散带衡门
- 散戶/散户 (sǎnhù)
- 散手 (sànshǒu)
- 散散的
- 散散落落
- 散文 (sǎnwén)
- 散文詩/散文诗 (sǎnwénshī)
- 散曲 (sǎnqǔ)
- 散木
- 散板
- 散樂/散乐
- 散氏盤/散氏盘
- 散沙 (sǎnshā)
- 散漫
- 散秩
- 散耍
- 散聲/散声
- 散職/散职
- 散裝/散装 (sǎnzhuāng)
- 散裝貨/散装货
- 散話/散话
- 散誕/散诞
- 散逛
- 散逸
- 散騎常侍/散骑常侍
- 樗散
- 櫟散/栎散
- 湖濱散記/湖滨散记
- 胡說散道/胡说散道
- 蕭散/萧散
- 閒散/闲散 (xiánsǎn)
- 駑散/驽散
- 鬆散/松散 (sōngsǎn)
- 麻沸散
Pronunciation 2
[edit]trad. | 散 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 散 | |
alternative forms | 剼/𱐠 Hokkien |
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): san4
- Cantonese (Jyutping): saan3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): sáng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5se
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): san4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sàn
- Wade–Giles: san4
- Yale: sàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sann
- Palladius: сань (sanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: san4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: san
- Sinological IPA (key): /san²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: saan3
- Yale: saan
- Cantonese Pinyin: saan3
- Guangdong Romanization: san3
- Sinological IPA (key): /saːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: san
- Hakka Romanization System: san
- Hagfa Pinyim: san4
- Sinological IPA: /san⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɑŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- sòaⁿ - vernacular;
- sàn - literary (courageous, to stroll, to induce sweat, poor);
- sàm - literary ("buttoned, fastened, buckled, clasped").
- Middle Chinese: sanH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-sˤa[n]ʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*saːns/
Definitions
[edit]散
- to break up; to disperse; to scatter
- to distribute; to disseminate
- to open; to open wide
- to dissipate; to distract; to find diversion
- to run away; to escape; to flee
- to express; to declare; to explain
- to end; to finish; to be over
- to lose; to miss
- to herd; to graze; to walk (animals)
- chaotic; helter-skelter
- (Hokkien) to induce sweat
- (Hokkien) buttoned; fastened with a Chinese button knot or button; buckled; clasped
- 長衫散裙/长衫散裙 [Hokkien] ― tn̂g-saⁿ sàm-kûn [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― long gown and full flowing skirt (full Ming dynasty dress)
- (Mainland China Hokkien) courageous; fearless
- (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien) to stroll; to saunter; to go for a walk
- (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) poor
Synonyms
[edit]- (poor):
- 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
- 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
- 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
- 困窮/困穷 (kùnqióng)
- 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
- 困難/困难
- 困頓/困顿 (kùndùn)
- 宋凶 (Hokkien)
- 散凶 (Hokkien)
- 散赤 (Hokkien)
- 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
- 清貧/清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
- 磽/硗 (Teochew)
- 䆀康 (Hokkien)
- 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
- 窄
- 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
- 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
- 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
- 窮/穷 (qióng)
- 窮乏/穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
- 窮困/穷困 (qióngkùn)
- 窮㾪/穷㾪 (Hokkien)
- 窮苦/穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
- 窮赤/穷赤 (Hokkien)
- 艱苦/艰苦 (Hokkien)
- 苦寒 (kǔhán)
- 貧乏/贫乏 (pínfá)
- 貧困/贫困 (pínkùn)
- 貧寒/贫寒 (pínhán)
- 貧瘠/贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
- 貧窮/贫穷 (pínqióng)
- 貧苦/贫苦 (pínkǔ)
Compounds
[edit]- 一哄而散
- 一鬨而散/一哄而散
- 三零四散
- 不歡而散/不欢而散 (bùhuān'érsàn)
- 不見不散/不见不散 (bùjiànbùsàn)
- 五零四散
- 休牛散馬/休牛散马
- 佈散/布散
- 俵散
- 冤魂不散
- 冰散瓦解
- 分散 (fēnsàn)
- 四散 (sìsàn)
- 大散關/大散关
- 天女散花 (tiānnǚsànhuā)
- 失散 (shīsàn)
- 好聚好散 (hǎojùhǎosàn)
- 好離好散/好离好散
- 妻離子散/妻离子散 (qīlízǐsàn)
- 布散
- 彩雲易散/彩云易散
- 忽聚忽散
- 怠散
- 悲歡合散/悲欢合散
- 悲歡聚散/悲欢聚散
- 打散
- 拆散
- 披頭散髮/披头散发
- 播散 (bōsàn)
- 撲散/扑散
- 擴散/扩散 (kuòsàn)
- 擴散作用/扩散作用
- 攪散/搅散
- 放散
- 散亂/散乱 (sǎnluàn)
- 散伙 (sànhuǒ)
- 散光
- 散利
- 散堂鼓
- 散場/散场
- 散夥/散伙 (sànhuǒ)
- 散失 (sànshī)
- 散局
- 散工
- 散布 (sànbù)
- 散心 (sànxīn)
- 散悶/散闷
- 散播 (sànbō)
- 散攤子/散摊子
- 散散兒/散散儿
- 散施 (sànshī)
- 散會/散会 (sànhuì)
- 散步 (sànbù)
- 散熱/散热 (sànrè)
- 散熱器/散热器 (sànrèqì)
- 散發/散发
- 散福
- 散絲/散丝
- 散落 (sànluò)
- 散血草
- 散衙
- 散財/散财 (sàncái)
- 散開/散开 (sànkāi)
- 散關/散关
- 散館/散馆
- 散髮/散发 (sànfà)
- 散齋/散斋
- 星散
- 星羅雲散/星罗云散
- 星落雲散/星落云散
- 星離雨散/星离雨散
- 曲終人散/曲终人散 (qǔzhōngrénsàn)
- 東零西散/东零西散
- 止戈散馬/止戈散马
- 沒散場/没散场
- 流散 (liúsàn)
- 消散 (xiāosàn)
- 渙散/涣散 (huànsàn)
- 滿散/满散
- 潰散/溃散 (kuìsàn)
- 煙消雲散/烟消云散 (yānxiāoyúnsàn)
- 煙消霧散/烟消雾散
- 煙飛星散/烟飞星散
- 蒸散
- 蒸散作用
- 猢猻散/猢狲散
- 獸聚鳥散/兽聚鸟散
- 瓦解星散
- 瓦解雲散/瓦解云散
- 疏散
- 發散/发散 (fāsàn)
- 盛筵必散
- 盛筵易散
- 盡歡而散/尽欢而散
- 眾散親離/众散亲离
- 破家散業/破家散业
- 破散
- 精神渙散/精神涣散
- 給散/给散
- 罷散/罢散
- 耗散
- 聚散 (jùsàn)
- 舒散
- 色散 (sèsàn)
- 蕩散/荡散
- 行散
- 解散 (jiěsàn)
- 解散權/解散权
- 走散 (zǒusàn)
- 趕散/赶散
- 逃散
- 迸散
- 遣散
- 遣散費/遣散费
- 陰魂不散/阴魂不散
- 集散
- 集散地
- 離散/离散 (lísàn)
- 雨來散/雨来散
- 雨散雲收/雨散云收
- 雨零星散
- 雲收雨散/云收雨散
- 雲收霧散/云收雾散
- 雲散/云散
- 雲散風流/云散风流
- 雲消雨散/云消雨散
- 雲消霧散/云消雾散 (yúnxiāo-wùsàn)
- 零散
- 零零散散
- 風流雨散/风流雨散
- 風流雲散/风流云散 (fēngliúyúnsàn)
- 飄散/飘散 (piāosàn)
- 飛散/飞散 (fēisàn)
- 驅散/驱散 (qūsàn)
- 骨肉離散/骨肉离散
- 魂銷魄散/魂销魄散
- 魂飄魄散/魂飘魄散
- 魂飛魄散/魂飞魄散 (húnfēipòsàn)
- 魄散九霄
- 魄散魂飛/魄散魂飞
- 魚潰鳥散/鱼溃鸟散
- 魚驚鳥散/鱼惊鸟散
- 鳥散/鸟散
- 鳥散魚潰/鸟散鱼溃
- 鳥獸散/鸟兽散 (niǎoshòusàn)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: さん (san, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)
- Kun: ちらかす (chirakasu, 散らかす, Jōyō); ちる (chiru, 散る, Jōyō); ちらす (chirasu, 散らす, Jōyō); ちらかる (chirakaru, 散らかる, Jōyō); ばら (bara, 散)
Compounds
[edit]- 散逸 (san'itsu)
- 散開 (sankai)
- 散見 (sanken)
- 散光 (sankō)
- 散策 (sansaku)
- 散在 (sanzai)
- 散財 (sanzai, “wasteful spending”)
- 散々 (sanzan, “thoroughly; utterly”)
- 散水 (sansui, “sprinkler”)
- 散村 (sanson, “remote village”)
- 散弾 (sandan)
- 散発 (sanpatsu, “sporadic”, literally “scattershot”)
- 散髪 (sanpatsu)
- 散文 (sanbun)
- 散布 (sanpu)
- 散歩 (sanpo)
- 散漫 (sanman)
- 散乱 (sanran)
- 散り蓮華 (chirirenge, “scattered lotus petals”)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]散 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]散: Hán Nôm readings: tản, tảng, tan, tởn, tán
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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