促

促 U+4FC3, 促 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FC3 ← 係 [U+4FC2] CJK Unified Ideographs 俄 → [U+4FC4]

Translingual

Han character

促 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人口卜人 (ORYO), four-corner 2628₁, composition ⿰亻足)

Derived characters

• 𮚼

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 104, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 664
• Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 161, character 2
• Unihan data for U+4FC3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		促

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 促
Small seal script s05878
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (足) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
足	*ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ
莡	*sʰaːwɢ
捉	*ʔsoːɡ
齪	*sʰroːɡ, *sʰruɡ
娖	*zroːɡ
浞	*zroːɡ
鋜	*zroːɡ
趗	*sʰoːɡ, *sʰoɡ
珿	*sʰruɡ
哫	*ʔsoɡ
促	*sʰoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰoɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cù (cu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cuk¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): ché̤ṳk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiok / chhiak / chhek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cog⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cù
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cù
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻu⁴
    • Yale: tsù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuh
    • Palladius: цу (cu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cuk¹
    • Yale: chūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: cug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ché̤ṳk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiok
    • Tâi-lô: tshiok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiog
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
    • Tâi-lô: tshiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
    • Tâi-lô: tshik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

Note:

• chhiok - literary;
• chhiak/chhek - vernacular (“to shorten the distance; to limply tie a knot”).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: cog⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshok
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰok̚²/

---

• Middle Chinese: tshjowk

Rime
Character	促
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七玉切
Baxter	tshjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰuawk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cuk1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰoɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	促
Reading #	1/1
No.	17927
Phonetic component	足
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	促
Old Chinese	/*sʰoɡ/

Definitions

促

1. short; hurried; urgent (of time)
2. to come close to; to become near

   促膝  ―  cùxī  ―  to sit knee to knee

3. to urge; to promote
4. (Hokkien) to shorten the distance
5. (Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot

Compounds

• 促使 (cùshǐ)
• 侷促 (júcù)
• 促促
• 侷促一隅
• 侷促不安
• 促坐
• 促席
• 促忙 (cùmáng)
• 促忙促急
• 促成 (cùchéng)
• 促拍
• 促掐
• 促步 (cùbù)
• 促狹／促狭 (cùxiá)
• 促狹鬼／促狭鬼
• 促病
• 促發／促发
• 促眉
• 促織／促织 (cùzhī)
• 促聲／促声 (cùshēng)
• 促脈／促脉
• 促膝
• 促膝談心／促膝谈心
• 促膝長談／促膝长谈
• 促裝／促装 (cùzhuāng)
• 促請／促请 (cùqǐng)
• 促趲／促趱
• 促迫 (cùpò)
• 促進／促进 (cùjìn)
• 促銷／促销 (cùxiāo)
• 促音 (cùyīn)
• 倉促／仓促 (cāngcù)
• 催促 (cuīcù)
• 刺促
• 匆促 (cōngcù)
• 局促 (júcù)
• 局促一隅
• 局促不安
• 急促 (jícù)
• 敦促 (dūncù)
• 督促 (dūcù)
• 短促 (duǎncù)
• 短壽促命／短寿促命
• 短局促
• 窘促 (jiǒngcù)
• 緊促／紧促 (jǐncù)
• 聯合促銷／联合促销
• 脆促
• 跼促 (júcù)
• 蹇促
• 迫促 (pòcù)
• 逼促
• 鬼促促

 

Descendants

• → Vietnamese: thúc

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 促 – see 齪 (“cautious; careful; meticulous; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 齪).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 促 – see 蹙 (“to knit; to approach; to close in on; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蹙).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

促

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: そく (soku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しょく (shoku)
• Kun: うながす (unagasu, 促す, Jōyō)、せまる (semaru, 促る)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
促
そく Grade: S
goon

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [so̞kɯ̟]

Noun

促(そく) • (soku) 

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 促(そく)音(おん) (sokuon, “sokuon”)
• 促(そく)進(しん) (sokushin, “promotion”)
• 催(さい)促(そく) (saisoku, “demand, urging”)
• 販(はん)促(そく) (hansoku, “sales promotion”)
• 販(はん)売(ばい)促(そく)進(しん) (hanbaisokushin, “sales promotion”)

Korean

Hanja

促 (eum 촉 (chok))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

促: Hán Nôm readings: xúc, thúc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation