高麗

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See also: 高丽

Chinese

Etymology 1

high; tall beautiful; Korea
trad. (高麗) 高 麗
simp. (高丽) 高 丽

From a shortening of 高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí).

Pronunciation

Note: Often mispronounced as Gāolì.
Rime
Character 高 麗
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 豪 (89) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 古勞切 呂支切
Baxter kaw lje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑu/ /liᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑu/ /liɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑu/ /ljɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaw/ /liə̆/
Li
Rong 		/kɑu/ /lie/
Wang
Li 		/kɑu/ /lǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kɑu/ /lie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gāo lí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gou1 lei4

Proper noun

高麗

  1. (historical) Goryeo
  2. (historical) Synonym of 高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí, “Goguryeo”)
  3. (historical or in compounds) Korea
    高麗參／高丽参  ―  gāolíshēn  ―  Korean ginseng
Derived terms
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (高麗):
  • → Japanese: 高麗(こうらい) (kōrai)
  • → Korean: 고려(高麗) (goryeo)
  • → Vietnamese: Cao Li (高麗)

Others:

Noun

高麗

  1. (Southern Min) Korean ginseng
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 高麗參 (“Korean ginseng”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 高麗參
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 高麗參
Singapore 高麗人參
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 高麗參
Cantonese Hong Kong 高麗參
Gan Nanchang 高麗參
Hakka Yudu 高麗參
Southern Min Xiamen 高麗, 高麗參
Quanzhou 高麗
Zhangzhou 高麗
Tainan 高麗, 高麗參 GT
Jieyang 高麗
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

References

Etymology 2

phonetic
trad. (高麗) 高 麗
simp. (高丽) 高 丽
alternative forms 蓔藶／蓔苈

From Dutch kool.

Pronunciation

Noun

高麗

  1. (Teochew) cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 洋白菜 (“cabbage”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 結球甘藍, 洋白菜
Taxonomic name 結球甘藍
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 洋白菜
Taiwan 高麗菜
Langfang 洋白菜
Ulanhot 疙瘩白
Tongliao 疙瘩白
Chifeng 圓白菜, 疙瘩白
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 疙瘩白, 大頭菜
Harbin 大頭菜
Shenyang 大頭菜, 疙瘩白
Singapore 高麗菜
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 洋白菜
Tangshan 洋白菜
Cangzhou 洋白菜
Baoding 洋白菜
Shijiazhuang 洋白菜
Jinan 洋白菜, 捲心菜, 圓白菜
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 大頭兒菜
Qingdao 大頭菜
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 洋白菜, 包菜, 包包菜
Daming 洋白菜
Wanrong 茴子白
Zhengzhou 洋白菜, 包菜
Xi'an 蓮花白
Xuzhou 洋白菜, 包心菜, 包菜, 牛心菜
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 蓮花白
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 蓮花白
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 蓮花白
Bayanhot 包包菜, 蓮花菜
Lanzhou 蓮花菜
Ürümqi 包包兒菜, 蓮花白
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 蓮花白, 雞心白
Wuhan 包菜
Guiyang 蓮花白
Kunming 蓮花白
Guilin 洋白菜
Liuzhou 芥藍包, 包菜, 椰菜包, 捲心白
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 包菜
Yangzhou 包菜, 包心菜, 捲心菜
Nantong 包心菜
Hefei 包頭菜
Huanggang 包菜
Cantonese Guangzhou 椰菜
Hong Kong 椰菜
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 椰菜
Macau 椰菜
Guangzhou (Panyu) 椰菜
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 椰菜
Guangzhou (Conghua) 椰菜
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 椰菜
Foshan 椰菜
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 椰菜
Foshan (Shunde) 椰菜
Foshan (Sanshui) 椰菜
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 椰菜
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 椰菜
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 椰菜
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 椰菜
Zhuhai (Doumen) 椰菜
Jiangmen (Baisha) 椰菜
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 椰菜
Taishan 椰菜
Kaiping (Chikan) 椰菜
Enping (Niujiang) 椰菜
Heshan (Yayao) 椰菜
Dongguan 椰菜
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 椰菜
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 椰菜
Qingyuan 椰菜
Fogang 椰菜
Yingde (Hanguang) 椰菜
Lianshan (Butian) 椰菜
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 椰菜
Shaoguan 椰菜
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 椰菜
Renhua 椰菜
Lechang 椰菜
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 椰菜
Sihui 椰菜
Guangning 椰菜
Deqing 椰菜
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 椰菜
Yunfu 椰菜
Xinxing 椰菜
Luoding 椰菜
Yunan (Pingtai) 椰菜
Yangjiang 椰菜
Xinyi 包菜
Lianjiang 椰菜
Nanning 椰菜
Wuzhou 椰菜
Yulin 椰菜
Hepu (Lianzhou) 椰菜
Gan Nanchang 包心菜, 包菜
Lichuan 包心菜
Pingxiang 包心菜
Hakka Meixian 包菜
Xingning 包菜
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 椰菜
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 椰菜
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 椰菜
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 椰菜
Dongguan (Qingxi) 椰仔包
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 椰菜
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 椰菜, 包菜
Boluo (Bendihua) 椰菜
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 椰仔菜
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 椰菜
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 椰菜
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 椰菜
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 包菜
Wuhua (Huacheng) 包菜
Wuhua (Changbu) 包菜
Wuhua (Mianyang) 包菜
Heyuan (Bendihua) 椰菜, 包菜
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 包菜
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 球菜
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 包菜
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 包菜
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 捲心菜
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 玻菜
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 包菜
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 椰菜
Yudu 包心菜
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 高麗菜, 玻璃菜
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 高麗菜
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 高麗菜, 玻璃菜
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 高麗菜, 玻璃菜
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 高麗菜
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 高麗菜
Luchuan (Daqiao) 包心菜
Sabah (Longchuan) 玻璃菜
Singkawang 包菜
Huizhou Jixi 包心菜, 橄欖菜
Shexian 橄欖菜
Huangshan (Tunxi) 甘藍菜, 包心菜
Xiuning 甘藍菜, 包菜, 包心菜
Yixian 包心菜, 甘藍菜
Qimen 包心菜
Wuyuan 包心菜
Dexing 大白菜
Jin Taiyuan 茴子白, 圓白菜
Pingyao 茴子白
Xinzhou 茴子白
Taibus (Baochang) 圓白菜
Linhe 茴子白
Jining 茴子白
Hohhot 色兒白
Baotou 茴子白
Dongsheng 灰子白
Haibowan 灰子白
Zhangjiakou 圓白菜
Handan 洋白菜
Northern Min Jian'ou 洋白菜
Jian'ou (Dikou) 洋白菜
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 洋白菜, 洋白
Pucheng (Shibei) 芥藍包
Eastern Min Fuzhou 包菜
Fuzhou (Changle) 包菜
Fuqing 包菜
Yongtai 包菜
Gutian 包菜
Fu'an 包菜
Ningde 包菜
Shouning 芥藍包
Zhouning 包菜
Fuding 玻璃菜
Matsu 包菜
Southern Min Xiamen 高麗菜
Xiamen (Tong'an) 包心菜
Quanzhou 高麗菜
Jinjiang 高麗菜
Yongchun 包菜
Dehua 包菜
Zhangzhou 高麗菜
Zhao'an 芥藍雷
Dongshan 包菜
Tainan 高麗菜
Penang (Hokkien) 高麗菜
Singapore (Hokkien) 高麗菜
Manila (Hokkien) 高麗菜
Zhangping (Yongfu) 包菜
Pingnan (Shangdu) 洋白菜
Chaozhou 高麗
Raoping 高麗
Shantou 高麗, 包菜
Jieyang 高麗
Haifeng 椰菜
Leizhou 椰子菜
Wenchang 椰子菜
Haikou 綑心白, 結心白, 圓導白
Qionghai 椰子菜, 包心菜
Puxian Min Putian 包菜
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 椰菜
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 椰菜
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 椰菜
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 包包菜
Shehua Cangnan 球菜
Wu Shanghai 捲心菜, 牛心菜
Shanghai (Songjiang) 捲心菜
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 捲心菜
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) 捲心菜, 牛心菜
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) 捲心菜, 牛心菜
Shanghai (Chongming) 捲心菜
Suzhou 捲心菜, 包菜
Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) 捲心菜, 包心菜, 包菜
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 包菜
Wuxi 包菜
Changshu 捲心菜
Kunshan 捲心菜, 包菜
Jiaxing 捲心菜
Changzhou 包菜
Liyang 包菜
Yixing 包心菜, 包菜
Danyang 包菜, 包心菜, 捲心菜
Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) 包菜
Jingjiang 包菜
Jiangyin 捲心菜, 包菜
Huzhou (Shuanglin) 捲心菜, 包菜
Hangzhou 包心菜
Shaoxing 包心菜
Zhuji (Wangjiajing) 包頭菜, 包心菜
Shengzhou (Chongren) 包心菜
Shengzhou (Taiping) 包心菜
Ningbo 包心菜, 捲心菜
Yuyao 包心菜
Zhoushan 捲心菜
Taizhou (Huangyan) 包心菜
Wenzhou 球菜
Quzhou 包心菜
Jinhua 球菜, 包菜
Yiwu 包心菜, 捲心菜
Yongkang 包菜
Xiang Changsha 包菜
Loudi 包菜
Shuangfeng 包心菜, 棉花白
Quanzhou 芥藍包
Derived terms

Etymology 3

high; tall beautiful
trad. (高麗) 高 麗
simp. (高丽) 高 丽

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 高 麗
Reading # 1/1 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 豪 (89) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I IV
Fanqie 古勞切 郎計切
Baxter kaw lejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑu/ /leiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑu/ /leiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑu/ /lɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaw/ /lɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/kɑu/ /leiH/
Wang
Li 		/kɑu/ /lieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kɑu/ /lieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gāo lì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gou1 lai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 高 麗
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gāo lì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kaw › ‹ lejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.[k]ˁaw/ /*[r]ˁe-s/
English high, tall symmetrical

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 高 麗
Reading # 1/1 1/2
No. 3726 7914
Phonetic
component 		高 丽
Rime
group 		宵 歌
Rime
subdivision 		1 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		髙 麗
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːw/ /*reːls/

Adjective

高麗

  1. (literary) noble and splendid

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
高 麗
こま
Grade: 2 Grade: S
jukujikun
Alternative spelling
狛
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

⟨ko2ma⟩ → */koma/ → /koma/

From Old Japanese. As phonetic evidence, appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

May be a Baekje ethnonym. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Alternatively, may be a Goguryeo word or name, given the history of the Koma clan, Goguryeo migrants to Eastern Honshū during the 660s.

Pronunciation

Prefix

高麗(こま) • (koma-) 

  1. [from 759] indicates something that was originally imported from the Korean Peninsula
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

高麗(こま) • (Koma) 

  1. [from 759] (historical) the Goguryeo kingdom, located on the Korean Peninsula 37 BCE–668 CE
  2. [from 759] (archaic) Korea, the Korean Peninsula (used more commonly in compounds than as a standalone term)
  3. [from 759] (historical) a county in Saitama Prefecture (originally settled in the mid-600s CE by immigrants from the Korean Peninsula; abolished as an administrative entity in 1896)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 独楽(こま) (koma): Shortening of komatsukuri (こまつくり) or komatsuburi (こまつぶり), a compound of 高麗 (Koma, “Goryeo; Korea; foreign lands”) +‎ 作り (tsukuri, “making; made thing”), attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
高 麗
こう
Grade: 2 		らい
Grade: S
on'yomi goon
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 高麗. Cognate with modern Korean 고려 (goryeo) and English Korea.

Appeared at least late 10th century with this reading, attested in the Utsubo Monogatari, c. 970-999.

Pronunciation

Noun

高(こう)麗(らい) • (kōrai) ←かうらい (kaurai)?

  1. Synonym of 高麗錦 (koma nishiki /⁠こまにしき⁠/)
    • c. 970‐99, Utsubo Monogatari:
      かうらいのあげばり十一間(じふいちけん)を、鱗(いろこ)の如(ごと)く打(う)ちたり
      kōrai no agebari jūichi ken o, iroko no gotoku uchitari
      There is a temporary pavilion of 11 ken (about 20 m) long made of Korean brocade, which is driven like scales.
  2. Short for 高麗縁 (kōrai beri).
  3. Short for 高麗焼 (kōtai yaki).
  4. Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi, “maize, corn”)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

高(こう)麗(らい) • (Kōrai) ←かうらい (Kaurai)?

  1. [from late 10c.] (historical) the Goryeo kingdom, located on the Korean Peninsula 918–1392 CE
  2. the Goguryeo kingdom; or generally a synonym of 朝鮮 (chōsen, “Korea”).

References

  1. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3465:
    , text [jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/Man14Yo.html#3465 here]
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
高麗

Proper noun

高麗 • (goryeo) (hangeul 고려)

  1. hanja form? of 고려 (“Goryeo”)

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
高 麗
こー
Grade: 2 		れー
Grade: S

Proper noun

高(こー)麗(れー) (Kōrē) 

  1. Goryeo
  2. Korea
    Synonym: 韓国 (Kwankuku), 朝鮮 (Chōshin)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
高麗

Proper noun

高麗

  1. chữ Hán form of Cao Li (“Goryeo”).
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