高麗
See also: 高丽
Chinese
Etymology 1
high; tall | beautiful; Korea | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (高麗) | 高 | 麗 | |
simp. (高丽) | 高 | 丽 |
From a shortening of 高句麗/高句丽 (Gāogōulí).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gou1 lai6 / gou1 lei4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Kô-lì
- Eastern Min (BUC): Gŏ̤-là̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1kau-li
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ ㄌㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Gaolí
- Wade–Giles: Kao1-li2
- Yale: Gāu-lí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gauli
- Palladius: Гаоли (Gaoli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: Often mispronounced as Gāolì.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gou1 lai6 / gou1 lei4
- Yale: gōu laih / gōu lèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: gou1 lai6 / gou1 lei4
- Guangdong Romanization: gou1 lei6 / gou1 léi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kou̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/, /kou̯⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kô-lì
- Hakka Romanization System: goˊ liˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: go1 li2
- Sinological IPA: /ko²⁴ li¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: Gŏ̤-là̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /ko⁵⁵ l̃ɛ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: kaw lje
Proper noun
高麗
- (historical) Goryeo
- (historical) Synonym of 高句麗/高句丽 (Gāogōulí, “Goguryeo”)
- 總章元年十月,司空李勣破高麗國,虜其王,下城百七十,戶六十九萬七千二百。二年,徙高麗民三萬,配江淮以南、山南、京西。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: Du You, Tongdian, 766 – 801 CE
- Zǒngzhāng yuán nián shí yuè, sīkōng Lǐ Jì pò Gāolí guó, lǔ qí wáng, xià chéng bǎi qīshí, hù liùshíjiǔ wàn qī qiān èrbǎi. Èr nián, xǐ Gāolí mín sān wàn, pèi Jiānghuái yǐnán, Shānnán, jīng xī. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
总章元年十月,司空李𪟝破高丽国,虏其王,下城百七十,户六十九万七千二百。二年,徙高丽民三万,配江淮以南、山南、京西。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- (historical or in compounds) Korea
Derived terms
Descendants
Others:
- → Dutch: Korea
- → English: Korea, Gaoli, Kao-li
- → Welsh: Corea
- → French: Corée
- → German: Korea
- → Italian: Corea
- → Lao: ເກົາຫຼີ (kao lī, “Korea”)
- → New Latin: Corea
- → Portuguese: Coreia
- → Russian: Коре́я (Koréja)
- → Spanish: Corea
- → Thai: เกาหลี (gao-lǐi, “Korea”)
Noun
高麗
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 高麗參 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 高麗參 |
Singapore | 高麗人參 | |
Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 高麗參 |
Cantonese | Hong Kong | 高麗參 |
Gan | Nanchang | 高麗參 |
Hakka | Yudu | 高麗參 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 高麗, 高麗參 |
Quanzhou | 高麗 | |
Zhangzhou | 高麗 | |
Tainan | 高麗, 高麗參 GT | |
Jieyang | 高麗 | |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
References
- 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “高麗”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary][1] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
- “Entry #6924”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Etymology 2
phonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (高麗) | 高 | 麗 | |
simp. (高丽) | 高 | 丽 | |
alternative forms | 蓔藶/蓔苈 |
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): go1 le6
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: go1 le6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ko lṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /ko³³⁻²³ lɯ³⁵/
- (Teochew)
Noun
高麗
Synonyms
Derived terms
Etymology 3
high; tall | beautiful | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (高麗) | 高 | 麗 | |
simp. (高丽) | 高 | 丽 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ ㄌㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gaolì
- Wade–Giles: kao1-li4
- Yale: gāu-lì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaulih
- Palladius: гаоли (gaoli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gou1 lai6
- Yale: gōu laih
- Cantonese Pinyin: gou1 lai6
- Guangdong Romanization: gou1 lei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kou̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Middle Chinese: kaw lejH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[k]ˤaw [r]ˤe-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kaːw reːls/
Adjective
高麗
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
高 | 麗 |
こま | |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
jukujikun |
Alternative spelling |
---|
狛 |
⟨ko2ma⟩ → */koma/ → /koma/
From Old Japanese. As phonetic evidence, appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]
May be a Baekje ethnonym. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Alternatively, may be a Goguryeo word or name, given the history of the Koma clan, Goguryeo migrants to Eastern Honshū during the 660s.
Pronunciation
Prefix
- [from 759] indicates something that was originally imported from the Korean Peninsula
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 高麗人 (komaudo): a person from the Goguryeo or Goryeo kingdoms on the Korean peninsula
- 高麗楽, 狛楽 (komagaku): a kind of traditional court music originally imported via the Korean Peninsula
- 高麗錦, 狛錦 (komanishiki): a kind of lace originally imported via the Korean Peninsula
- 高麗剣, 狛剣 (komatsurugi): a kind of sword originally imported via the Korean Peninsula
Proper noun
- [from 759] (historical) the Goguryeo kingdom, located on the Korean Peninsula 37 BCE–668 CE
- [from 759] (archaic) Korea, the Korean Peninsula (used more commonly in compounds than as a standalone term)
- [from 759] (historical) a county in Saitama Prefecture (originally settled in the mid-600s CE by immigrants from the Korean Peninsula; abolished as an administrative entity in 1896)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 独楽 (koma): Shortening of komatsukuri (こまつくり) or komatsuburi (こまつぶり), a compound of 高麗 (Koma, “Goryeo; Korea; foreign lands”) + 作り (tsukuri, “making; made thing”), attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
高 | 麗 |
こう Grade: 2 |
らい Grade: S |
on'yomi | goon |
Borrowed from Middle Chinese 高麗. Cognate with modern Korean 고려 (goryeo) and English Korea.
Appeared at least late 10th century with this reading, attested in the Utsubo Monogatari, c. 970-999.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) こーらい [kòóráí] (Heiban – [0])[3]
- (Tokyo) こーらい [kóꜜòràì] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- IPA(key): [ko̞ːɾa̠i]
Noun
- Synonym of 高麗錦 (koma nishiki /こまにしき/)
- c. 970‐99, Utsubo Monogatari:
- かうらいのあげばり十一間を、鱗の如く打ちたり
- kōrai no agebari jūichi ken o, iroko no gotoku uchitari
- There is a temporary pavilion of 11 ken (about 20 m) long made of Korean brocade, which is driven like scales.
- かうらいのあげばり十一間を、鱗の如く打ちたり
- Short for 高麗縁 (kōrai beri).
- Short for 高麗焼 (kōtai yaki).
- Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi, “maize, corn”)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 高麗人参 (Kōrai ninjin): ginseng, specifically Panax ginseng
Proper noun
- [from late 10c.] (historical) the Goryeo kingdom, located on the Korean Peninsula 918–1392 CE
- the Goguryeo kingdom; or generally a synonym of 朝鮮 (chōsen, “Korea”).
References
- ^ , text [jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/Man14Yo.html#3465 here]
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
高 | 麗 |
Proper noun
Okinawan
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
高 | 麗 |
こー Grade: 2 |
れー Grade: S |
Proper noun
高麗 (Kōrē)
Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
高 | 麗 |
Proper noun
高麗
Categories:
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- ja:Historical polities
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- Okinawan terms spelled with 高 read as こー
- Okinawan terms spelled with 麗 read as れー
- Okinawan lemmas
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- Okinawan terms spelled with second grade kanji
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- ryu:Countries in Asia
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