strenuus

Latin

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg- (“to be stiff, rigid, strong”), itself perhaps extended from *ster- (“stiff”). See strena (“auspicious sign”) for more.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈstreː.nu.us/, [ˈs̠t̪reːnuʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈstre.nu.us/, [ˈst̪rɛːnuːs]

Adjective

strēnuus (feminine strēnua, neuter strēnuum, adverb strēnuē); first/second-declension adjective

1. brisk, nimble, quick, prompt, active

   Synonyms: strēnuosus, impiger, vīvus, laetus, acer, alacer

   Antonyms: sēgnis, deses, socors

2. vigorous, strenuous

   Synonyms: praevalēns, fortis, potis, potēns, validus, ingēns, firmus, compos

   Antonyms: dēbilis, languidus, aeger, fractus, tenuis, obnoxius, īnfirmus, inops

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	strēnuus	strēnua	strēnuum		strēnuī	strēnuae	strēnua
Genitive	strēnuī	strēnuae	strēnuī		strēnuōrum	strēnuārum	strēnuōrum
Dative	strēnuō		strēnuō		strēnuīs
Accusative	strēnuum	strēnuam	strēnuum		strēnuōs	strēnuās	strēnua
Ablative	strēnuō	strēnuā	strēnuō		strēnuīs
Vocative	strēnue	strēnua	strēnuum		strēnuī	strēnuae	strēnua

Derived terms

• īnstrēnuus
• strēnuē
• strēnuitās

Descendants

• English: strenuous
• Italian: strenuo
• Portuguese: estrénuo, estrênuo

References

• “strenuus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “strenuus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• strenuus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.