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Russell Foster
CBE, FRS FMedSci
Born (1959-08-19) August 19, 1959 (age 65)
Alma materUniversity of Bristol
Scientific career
FieldsNeuroscience
InstitutionsUniversity of Oxford
ThesisAn investigation of the extraretinal photoreceptors mediating photoperiodic induction in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) (1978)
Academic advisorsSir Brian Follett
Websitewww.ndcn.ox.ac.uk/team/russell-foster

Russell Grant Foster, CBE, FRS FMedSci (born 1959)[1] is a British professor of circadian neuroscience, the Director of the Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology and the Head of the Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi)[2][3]. He is also a Nicholas Kurti Senior Fellow at the Brasenose College[4] at the University of Oxford.[5] He and his group are credited with the discovery of the non-rod, non-cone, photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) in the mammalian retina which provide input to the circadian rhythm system.[5]

Biography

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Education

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Foster studied at the University of Bristol and graduated with a BSc in Zoology in 1980. He also carried out postgraduate studies at the University of Bristol under the supervision of Brian Follett, and was awarded a PhD in 1984 for his thesis entitled An investigation of the extraretinal photoreceptors mediating photoperiodic induction in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).[6][7]

Career

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From 1988 to 1995 Foster was a member of the National Science Foundation Center for Biological Rhythms at the University of Virginia.[8] In 1995, he returned to UK and started his own lab at Imperial College, London. He later transferred his laboratory to the University of Oxford to engage in more translational research.[9]

Scientific works

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Rods and cones unnecessary for entrainment

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In 1991, Foster and his colleagues provided evidence that rods and cones are not necessary for entrainment of an animal to light.[10] In this experiment, Foster gave 15 minute light pulses to retinally degenerative mice. These mice are homozygous for the rd allele and were shown to have no rods in their retina. They retain a small number of a single layer of cones.[11] To study the effects of light entrainment, magnitude of phase shift of locomotor activity was measured. The results showed that both mice with normal retina and mice with degenerate retina showed similar entrainment patterns. Foster hypothesized that circadian photoreception occurs with small number of cones without outer layer or that an unrecognized class of photoreceptive cells are present.

In 1999, Foster studied light entrainment on mice without cones or both rods and cones.[12] Mice without cones or without both photoreceptive cells (rd/rd cl allele) still entrained to light. Meanwhile, mice with eyes removed could not entrain to light. Foster concluded that rods and cones are unnecessary for entrainment to light, and that the murine eye contains additional photoreceptive cell types.

Literary works

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He is the co-author with writer and broadcaster Leon Kreitzman of two popular science books on circadian rhythms, Rhythms of Life: The Biological Clocks that Control the Daily Lives of Every Living Thing[13][14] and Seasons of Life: The Biological Rhythms That Enable Living Things to Thrive and Survive..[15] He has also co-written a book titled Sleep: a Very Short Introduction.[16]

Awards and honours

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Foster was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 2008[2] and a member of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council council in 2011.[17]

Foster was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to science.[18][19]

Notable awards

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Foster has received recognition from around the world for his discovery of pRGCs:

  • Honma Prize (Japan)
  • David G. Cogan Award (USA)[20]
  • Zoological Society Scientific & Edride-Green Medals (UK)

References

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  1. ^ http://www.dellam.com/english/CH/CHELTENHAM%20FESTIVALS.html
  2. ^ a b "Russell Foster | Royal Society". The Royal Society. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  3. ^ "Russell Foster — Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences". www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  4. ^ https://www.bnc.ox.ac.uk/about-brasenose/news/1322-professor-russell-foster-cbe Professor Russell Foster, Brasenose College
  5. ^ a b "Russell Foster, BSc, PhD, FRS". Oxford Neuroscience. The Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford. 2008. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
  6. ^ Foster, R. G.; Follett, B. K.; Lythgoe, J. N. (1985). "Rhodopsin-like sensitivity of extra-retinal photoreceptors mediating the photoperiodic response in quail". Nature. 313 (5997): 50–52. doi:10.1038/313050a0. PMID 3965970. S2CID 4257141.
  7. ^ Konishi, H.; Foster, R. G.; Follett, B. K. (1987). "Evidence for a daily rhythmicity in the acute release of luteinizing hormone in response to electrical stimulation in the Japanese quail". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 161 (2): 315–319. doi:10.1007/BF00615251. PMID 3625579. S2CID 1689119.
  8. ^ Ralph, M.; Foster, R.; Davis, F.; Menaker, M. (1990). "Transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus determines circadian period". Science. 247 (4945): 975–978. doi:10.1126/science.2305266. PMID 2305266.
  9. ^ "Professor Russell Foster | University of Oxford". www.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  10. ^ Brown, R. Lane; Robinson, Phyllis R. (2017-04-13). "Melanopsin—Shedding Light on the Elusive Circadian Photopigment". Chronobiology International. 21 (2): 189–204. doi:10.1081/CBI-120037816. ISSN 0742-0528. PMC 2376768. PMID 15332341.
  11. ^ Farber, Debora B.; Flannery, John G.; Bowes-Rickman, Cathy (1994-01-01). "The rd mouse story: Seventy years of research on an animal model of inherited retinal degeneration". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 13 (1): 31–64. doi:10.1016/1350-9462(94)90004-3. S2CID 54414121.
  12. ^ Peirson, Stuart N.; Halford, Stephanie; Foster, Russell G. (2009-10-12). "The evolution of irradiance detection: melanopsin and the non-visual opsins". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1531): 2849–2865. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0050. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 2781857. PMID 19720649.
  13. ^ Leon Kreitzman; Russell G. Foster (2004). Rhythms of life: the biological clocks that control the daily lives of every living thing. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10969-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Harman, Oren (2008-12-24). "Time After Time" (Book Review). The New Republic. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
  15. ^ Leon Kreitzman; Russell G. Foster (2009). Seasons of Life: The Biological Rhythms That Enable Living Things to Thrive and Survive. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11556-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Stephen W. Lockley, Russell G. Foster (2012). Sleep: a Very Short Introduction. Oxford: OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19958-785-8.
  17. ^ http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/news/people-skills-training/2011/110405-pr-new-council-members.aspx New BBSRC Council members appointed
  18. ^ "No. 61092". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 31 December 2014.
  19. ^ 2015 New Year Honours List
  20. ^ Besharse, Joseph (2002). "Introduction of Russell G. Foster, the 2001 Recipient of the David G. Cogan Award". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 43 (5): 1285. PMID 11980835.
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Category:1959 births Category:Living people Category:British neuroscientists Category:Sleep researchers Category:Chronobiologists Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Category:Fellows of the Royal Society Category:Fellows of Brasenose College, Oxford Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol

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