Portal:Peru

Republic of Peru
*República del Perú* (Spanish)
Republic of Peru República del Perú (Spanish)
	Flag Coat of arms
Capital	Lima; 12°2.6′S 77°1.7′W / 12.0433°S 77.0283°W
ISO 3166 code	PE

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Introduction

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km² (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.

Peruvian territory was home to several cultures during the ancient and medieval periods, and has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 10th millennium BCE. Notable pre-colonial cultures and civilizations include the Caral–Supe civilization (the earliest civilization in the Americas and considered one of the cradles of civilization), the Nazca culture, the Wari and Tiwanaku empires, the Kingdom of Cusco, and the Inca Empire, the largest known state in the pre-Columbian Americas. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and Charles V established a viceroyalty with the official name of the Kingdom of Peru that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in Lima. Higher education started in the Americas with the official establishment of the National University of San Marcos in Lima in 1551.

Peru's population includes Mestizos, Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechuan languages, Aymara, or other Indigenous languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music. (Full article...)

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A LANSA Lockheed L-188 Electra similar to the accident aircraft. A similar aircraft would later be involved in another accident

LANSA Flight 502 was a Lockheed L-188A Electra operated by Líneas Aéreas Nacionales Sociedad Anónima (LANSA) which crashed shortly after takeoff from Quispiquilla Airport near Cusco, Peru, on August 9, 1970, after losing all power from one of its four engines. The turboprop airliner, registered OB-R-939, was bound from Cusco to Lima, carrying 8 crew and 92 passengers. All but one of the occupants died from injuries sustained from impact forces and post crash fire. Two people on the ground were also killed. There were 49 American high school exchange students on board, all of whom perished. A Peruvian government investigation concluded that the accident was caused by improper execution of engine-out procedures by the flight crew and lack of proper maintenance. LANSA was fined and its operations were suspended for 90 days. At the time, the crash was the deadliest ever in Peruvian history before being surpassed by Faucett Perú Flight 251 in 1996. (Full article...)

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The Independence of Peru was proclaimed in Lima by José de San Martín on July 28, 1821. San Martín occupied the city a few days before after Royalist troops retreated towards the Andes. Despite this proclamation the Peruvian War of Independence lasted three more years as Patriot forces lacked the necessary strength to defeat Viceroy José de la Serna. Eventually San Martín left the country and was replaced by Simón Bolívar, under whose guidance the Royalist army was decisively defeated at the Battle of Ayacucho. (more...)

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The Siege of Cuzco (May 6, 1536 – March 1537) was the ten month siege of the city of Cuzco by the army of Inca Emperor Manco Inca Yupanqui against a garrison of Spanish conquistadors and Indian auxiliaries led by Hernando Pizarro.

An Spaniard expedition led by Francisco Pizarro had captured the Inca capital of Cuzco on November 15, 1533 after defeating an Inca army headed by general Quisquis. The following month, the conquistadors supported the coronation as Inca emperor of Manco Inca to facilitate their control over the empire. However, real power rested with the Spaniards who frequently humiliated Manco Inca and imprisoned him after an attempted escape in November 1535. After his release in January 1536, Manco Inca managed to leave Cuzco on April 18 promising the Spanish commander, Hernando Pizarro, to bring back a large gold statue when in fact he was already preparing a rebellion. (more...)

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In this month

August 7, 1924 - At the National University of San Marcos, the most successful football team Universitario de Deportes was founded. Since 2000 the home games are played in the Estadio Monumental "U" stadium.

August 9, 1970 - Flight LANSA 502 crashes en route from Lima to Cusco killing all but one of the 100 crew and passengers on board.

August 15, 2007 - A major earthquake originating off the coast of Peru destroys the city of Pisco.

August 17, 1850 - José de San Martín first Protector of Peru died aged 72 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.

August 23, 1922 - The Peruvian Football Federation is founded.

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General images

The following are images from various Peru-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Peru's football team in 1970; the ethnic diversity of Peruvians is visible, with players showing African, Amerindian and European ancestry in various mixes. (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 2Ages pyramid of Peru in 2007 (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 3Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
  Peru-Bolivia
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army
  First Provisional Government of Peru
  Northern Peruvian Republic
  Second Provisional Government of Peru
  Provisional Government of Bolivia
  New Peruvian State
  New Bolivian State
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
  De facto borders after the dissolution
  Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
  Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 4Peruvian school children with an OLPC XO-1 laptop (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 5Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)
Image 6The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)
Image 7Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)
Image 8Life expectancy in Peru since 1960 by gender (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 9Peruvian Paso (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 10Population map of Peru in 2007 (regional) (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 11Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 12Historical population of Peru (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 13Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
  Peru-Bolivia
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army
  First Provisional Government of Peru
  Northern Peruvian Republic
  Second Provisional Government of Peru
  Provisional Government of Bolivia
  New Peruvian State
  New Bolivian State
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
  De facto borders after the dissolution
  Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
  Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 14The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)
Image 15The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)
Image 16Peruvian girls (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 17Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 18Amerindian woman with child (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 19The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)
Image 20Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 21Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)
Image 22Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 23Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 24Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 25Life expectancy in Peru since 1940 (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 26Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 27Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 28Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 29Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 30Chinatown in Lima (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 31Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)

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Fujimori in 1991

Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto (born 28 July 1938) is a Peruvian former politician, professor, and engineer who served as President of Peru from 1990 to 2000. Fujimori, a Peruvian of Japanese descent, was an agricultural engineer and university rector before entering politics. Frequently described as a dictator, his tenure is marked by both significant economic reforms and severe human rights abuses.

Fujimori's tenure began with his unexpected victory in the 1990 general election. He quickly implemented neoliberal economic reforms to address hyperinflation and economic instability, which won him initial support from international financial institutions, the military and the Peruvian upper class. His administration soon became known for its authoritarian practices. In 1992, Fujimori carried out a self-coup, dissolving Congress and assuming extraordinary powers. Notably, his government was linked to forced sterilizations and the violent suppression of the Shining Path insurgency. Despite these controversies, many Peruvians view his leadership period favourably due to the perceived restoration of stability and economic growth. He was re-elected in 1995 and controversially again in 2000 amid allegations of electoral fraud. (Full article...)

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... that Miguelina Acosta Cárdenas played a key role in the fledgling women's movement in Peru in the early 20th century?
... that the Peruvian Civil Guard officer Mariano Santos Mateo was nicknamed the Brave Man of Tarapacá because he captured a banner of a Chilean military unit during the Battle of Tarapacá?
... that Ariana Orrego was the first Peruvian gymnast to compete at the Olympic Games?
... that the Shining Path used squatting as a tactic to gain support during the internal conflict in Peru?
... that Marcelino Gutiérrez was the only one of his brothers, who together led a rebellion against the president of Peru, to survive a subsequent riot?
... that Luz del Carmen Ibáñez Carranza was Abimael Guzmán's prosecutor before being elected the first Peruvian judge of the International Criminal Court?
... that sisters Talia and Tori DellaPeruta, college teammates at North Carolina, play soccer professionally for Sampdoria?
... that Peruvian foreign minister Manuel María Gálvez Egúsquiza was arrested by Chilean troops for refusing to sign peace with the cession of territory during the War of the Pacific?

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“

I am a free man. I feel as light as a feather.

”

Peruvian diplomat Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 1920–...

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Basic facts & figures

National Symbol	Capital	Currency	Time zone	National Anthem	Language	Population census

Symbols of Peru	City of Lima	Sol		Somos libres	Spanish	33,726,000

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More did you know...

...that the city of Lima (pictured) flourished in the 17th century as the center of a trade network which extended as far as Europe and the Philippines?
...that Alejandro Toledo led the opposition against president Alberto Fujimori and was elected as president in the 2001 general election?
...that the Peru national football team withdrew from the 1936 Berlin Olympics after its victory over Austria was annulled?
...that in the Quechua language, sentences are marked by an evidential suffix which indicates how certain the speaker is about his statement?
...that soprano Yma Sumac became an international success based on the merits of her extreme vocal range?

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This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged (e.g. {{WikiProject Peru}}) or categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See WP:RECOG for configuration options.

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