Monognathus

Monognathus
	M. jesperseni
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Anguilliformes
Family:	Monognathidae
Genus:	Monognathus; Bertin, 1936
Species
	15, see text.

Monognathus, or onejaw, is the only genus of the family Monognathidae of deep-sea eels. The name comes from the Greek monos meaning “one” and gnathos meaning “jaw”, a reference to the large mouth in comparison with the rest of the fish, and also the absence of an upper jaw (maxilla and premaxilla bones are absent).^[1]

Description

The dorsal and anal fins lack bony supports and the pectoral fins are missing. The snout has a fang connected to glands, which are venomous in adults.^[2] These eels are virtually blind, with rudimentary eyes and small olfactory organs, although the male olfactory organs are enlarged, perhaps suggesting a method of "sniffing out" a mate.^[1]

Typical lengths are from 4 to 10 cm (1.5–4 in), the maximum length recorded is 15.9 cm (6.3 in).

Distribution

They are found at depths of over 2,000 m (6,600 ft), and are found in all oceans.^[3]^[1]

Species

The fifteen known species are:^[3]

Monognathus ahlstromi Raju, 1974 (Paddletail onejaw)
Monognathus berteli J. G. Nielsen & Hartel, 1996.
Monognathus bertini Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
Monognathus boehlkei Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
Monognathus bruuni Bertin, 1936.
Monognathus herringi Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
Monognathus isaacsi Raju, 1974.
Monognathus jesperseni Bertin, 1936.
Monognathus jesse Raju, 1974.
Monognathus nigeli Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
Monognathus ozawai Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
Monognathus rajui Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
Monognathus rosenblatti Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
Monognathus smithi Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
Monognathus taningi Bertin, 1936.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c BÖHLKE, EUGENIA B.; BÖHLKE, JAMES E.; LEIBY, MARK M.; McCOSKER, JOHN E.; BERTELSEN, E.; ROBINS, CATHERINE H.; ROBINS, C. RICHARD; SMITH, DAVID G.; TIGHE, KENNETH A. (1989). Orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes: Part 9, Volume 1. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-1-933789-19-4. JSTOR j.ctvbcd0dm.
^ Poulsen, Jan Y.; Miller, Michael J.; Sado, Tetsuya; Hanel, Reinhold; Tsukamoto, Katsumi; Miya, Masaki (2018-07-25). "Resolving deep-sea pelagic saccopharyngiform eel mysteries: Identification of Neocyema and Monognathidae leptocephali and establishment of a new fish family "Neocyematidae" based on larvae, adults and mitogenomic gene orders". PLOS ONE. 13 (7): e0199982. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1399982P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199982. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6059418. PMID 30044814.
^ ^a ^b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Monognathidae". FishBase. June 2011 version.

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[BÖHLKE_1989-1] BÖHLKE, EUGENIA B.; BÖHLKE, JAMES E.; LEIBY, MARK M.; McCOSKER, JOHN E.; BERTELSEN, E.; ROBINS, CATHERINE H.; ROBINS, C. RICHARD; SMITH, DAVID G.; TIGHE, KENNETH A. (1989). Orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes: Part 9, Volume 1. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-1-933789-19-4. JSTOR j.ctvbcd0dm.

[2] Poulsen, Jan Y.; Miller, Michael J.; Sado, Tetsuya; Hanel, Reinhold; Tsukamoto, Katsumi; Miya, Masaki (2018-07-25). "Resolving deep-sea pelagic saccopharyngiform eel mysteries: Identification of Neocyema and Monognathidae leptocephali and establishment of a new fish family "Neocyematidae" based on larvae, adults and mitogenomic gene orders". PLOS ONE. 13 (7): e0199982. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1399982P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199982. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6059418. PMID 30044814.

[fishbase-3] Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Monognathidae". FishBase. June 2011 version.

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