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List of shipwrecks in December 1939

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The list of shipwrecks in December 1939 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during December 1939.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

1 December

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For the loss of MV Realf on this day, see the entry for 30 November 1939

List of shipwrecks: 1 December 1939
Ship State Description
Arcturus  Norway World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea off Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom by U-31 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of nine of her 24 crew. Survivors were rescued by Eva ( Norway) and Ivar ( Denmark).[1][2][3][4]
Dalryan  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km) south west of the Tongue Lightship ( Trinity House) (51°31′00″N 1°19′05″E / 51.51667°N 1.31806°E / 51.51667; 1.31806). All 39 men aboard were rescued.[5][6][7] The wreck was subsequently dispersed by explosives.[8]
Floride  France World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and was damaged in the North Sea off Dunkerque, Nord. She was beached at Malo-les-Bains, Nord but broke in two and was declared a total loss. Three crewmen were killed.[2][9][10]
Grethe  Denmark The schooner ran aground on the Goodwin Sands, Kent, United Kingdom and was wrecked. Her seven crew were rescued by a Royal Navy destroyer.[2][11]
Magda  Germany The fishing trawler was lost in the North Sea north of Heligoland.[2]
Mercator  Finland World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea south east of Aberdeen (57°39′N 0°36′W / 57.650°N 0.600°W / 57.650; -0.600) by U-31 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of one of her 32 crew. Some survivors were rescued by the fishing vessel Bread Winner ( United Kingdom) and the Peterhead lifeboat Julia Park Barry of Glasgow ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution), with the rest reaching Boddam, Aberdeenshire in a lifeboat.[1][2][12][13]

2 December

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List of shipwrecks: 2 December 1939
Ship State Description
Chancellor  United Kingdom World War II: Convoy HXF 11: The cargo ship collided with the tanker Athelchief ( United Kingdom) in the Atlantic Ocean 70 nautical miles (130 km) off Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (44°30′N 61°51′W / 44.500°N 61.850°W / 44.500; -61.850) and sank. All 42 crew survived.[14][15]
Doric Star  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the South Atlantic (19°15′S 5°05′E / 19.250°S 5.083°E / -19.250; 5.083) by Admiral Graf Spee ( Kriegsmarine). Her crew survived.[1]
Eskdene  United Kingdom World War II: Convoy HN 3: The cargo ship was torpedoed and damaged in the North Sea (56°30′N 1°40′W / 56.500°N 1.667°W / 56.500; -1.667) by U-56 ( Kriegsmarine) and was abandoned by her 29 crew, who were rescued by Hild ( Norway). Eskdene drifted for five days before she was taken in tow by four tugs, including Bulger, Hendon and George V (all  United Kingdom) and beached on the Herd Sands on 8 December. Subsequently refloated and taken in South Shields, County Durham. Eskdene was repaired and returned to service.[2][16]
San Calisto  United Kingdom World War II: The tanker struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km) south west of the Tongue Lightship ( Trinity House) (51°31′09″N 1°25′00″E / 51.51917°N 1.41667°E / 51.51917; 1.41667) with the loss of six of her 42 crew. The wreck was subsequently dispersed by explosives.[1][6][17][18]
Watussi  Germany World War II: The passenger ship was scuttled in the South Atlantic 50 nautical miles (93 km) south of Cape Agulhas, Union of South Africa after being spotted by a Junkers Ju 86 aircraft of the South African Air Force and approached by HMS Sussex ( Royal Navy), which rescued the 196 people on board. Watussi was shelled by HMS Renown ( Royal Navy) to quicken her sinking.[1][2][19]

3 December

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List of shipwrecks: 3 December 1939
Ship State Description
Hamsterley  United Kingdom The cargo ship collided with Accrington ( United Kingdom) in the North Sea off Happisburgh, Norfolk and sank with the loss of a crew member.[20]
Manchester Regiment  United Kingdom World War II: Convoy HXF 11: The cargo ship collided with Oropesa ( United Kingdom) and sank with the loss of nine of her 74 crew. Survivors were rescued by Oropesa.[2][21][22]
Moortoft  United Kingdom The cargo ship foundered in the North Sea with the loss of all thirteen crew.[1][23]
M-31  Soviet Navy Winter War: The minesweeper ran aground off Cape Yarisinielmi whilst attempting to refloat Oranienbaum ( Soviet Navy).[24]
M-37  Soviet Navy Winter War: The minesweeper ran aground and sprang a leak off Cape Yarisinielmi whilst attempting to refloat Oranienbaum ( Soviet Navy) and was abandoned by her crew.[24]
Oranienbaum  Soviet Navy Winter War: The gunboat ran aground off Cape Yarisinielmi whilst shelling a Finnish battery. She was refloated on 15 December and taken in to "Polutorno" for repairs.[24]
Ove Toft  Denmark World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea (55°36′N 0°46′E / 55.600°N 0.767°E / 55.600; 0.767) by U-31 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of six of her 21 crew.[1][2][25]
Rudolf  Sweden World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Firth of Tay (56°15′N 1°25′W / 56.250°N 1.417°W / 56.250; -1.417) by U-56 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of nine of her 23 crew. Survivors were rescued by the fishing trawler Cardew ( United Kingdom), the naval trawler HMT Firefly ( Royal Navy) and the cargo ship Gunlög ( Sweden).[2][26][27]
Tairoa  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the South Atlantic (21°30′S 3°00′E / 21.500°S 3.000°E / -21.500; 3.000) by Admiral Graf Spee ( Kriegsmarine). Her crew were rescued.[1][28]
211  Soviet Navy The ship ran aground off Cape Yarisiniemei whilst attempting to assist in the refloating of Oranienbaum ( Soviet Navy).[24]

4 December

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List of shipwrecks: 4 December 1939
Ship State Description
Gimle  Norway World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea (57°15′N 1°50′E / 57.250°N 1.833°E / 57.250; 1.833) by U-31 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of three of her nineteen crew. Survivors were rescued by Rudolf ( Norway).[1][2][29][30]
Horsted  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea south east of Flamborough Head, Yorkshire (53°48′N 0°16′E / 53.800°N 0.267°E / 53.800; 0.267) with the loss of five crew. Survivors were rescued by HMS Jackal ( Royal Navy).[1][31][32]
Primula  Norway World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 125 nautical miles (232 km) east of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (57°15′N 1°50′E / 57.250°N 1.833°E / 57.250; 1.833) by U-31 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of eight of her fifteen crew. Survivors were rescued by Wm. Th. Malling ( Denmark).[1][2][33][34]
U-36  Kriegsmarine World War II: The Type VIIA submarine was torpedoed and sunk in the Norwegian Sea off Stavanger, Norway (57°00′N 5°02′E / 57.000°N 5.033°E / 57.000; 5.033) by HMS Salmon ( Royal Navy) with the loss of all 40 crew.
UJ-117 Gustav Körner  Kriegsmarine World War II: The submarine chaser struck a mine and sank in The Belts, Denmark. There were only two survivors and at least five dead. She was salvaged in June 1940, repaired and returned to service.[2][35][36]

5 December

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List of shipwrecks: 5 December 1939
Ship State Description
M-71  Soviet Navy The M-class submarine was driven ashore and severely damaged on a skerry in Finnish waters. She was refloated and taken in to Cronstadt for repairs.[24]
Navasota  United Kingdom World War II: Convoy OB 46: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Celtic Sea 50 nautical miles (93 km) south west of the Fastnet Rock (50°43′N 10°16′W / 50.717°N 10.267°W / 50.717; -10.267) by U-47 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of 37 of her 82 crew. Survivors were rescued by Clan Farquhar ( United Kingdom) and HMS Escapade ( Royal Navy).[1][2][37]

6 December

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List of shipwrecks: 6 December 1939
Ship State Description
Agu  Estonia World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea by U-31 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of all eighteen crew.[38][39]
Britta  Norway World War II: The tanker was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 45 nautical miles (83 km) south west of the Longships Lighthouse, Cornwall, United Kingdom by U-47 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of six of her 31 crew. Survivors were rescued by the fishing trawler Memlinc ( Belgium).[1][2][40][41]
Paralos  Greece World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 7 nautical miles (13 km) north east of North Foreland, Kent, United Kingdom (51°31′06″N 1°25′05″E / 51.51833°N 1.41806°E / 51.51833; 1.41806) with the loss of three of her 25 crew. Survivors were rescued by Roek ( United Kingdom).[6][42][43]
Shch-311  Soviet Navy The Shchuka-class submarine ran aground in the Baltic Sea. She was on a voyage from Cronstadt to Tallinn. She was refloated with assistance from the destroyer Karl Marx ( Soviet Navy) and put back to Cronstadt.[24]
Ussukuma  Nazi Germany World War II: The passenger ship was scuttled in the South Atlantic (100 nautical miles (190 km) south of Necochea, Argentina, when intercepted by HMS Ajax ( Royal Navy). All 107 crew were rescued and interned for the duration of the war.
Vinga  Sweden World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea (56°25′N 1°08′E / 56.417°N 1.133°E / 56.417; 1.133) by U-31 ( Kriegsmarine). Her 22 crew were rescued by Transporter ( Denmark).[1][2][44][45]
HMT Washington  Royal Navy World War II: The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Caister-on-Sea, Norfolk with the loss of seven of her eight crew.[2][46][47]

7 December

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List of shipwrecks: 7 December 1939
Ship State Description
Heimat  Nazi Germany World War II: The fishing boat was sunk in the Gulf of Gdansk by a mine laid by the Polish submarine ORP Wilk.[48]
Louis Sheid  Belgium World War II: The cargo ship ran aground off Thurlestone, Devon, United Kingdom (50°15′48″N 3°52′12″W / 50.26333°N 3.87000°W / 50.26333; -3.87000) while escaping from U-47 ( Kriegsmarine). She broke in two and was declared a total loss. There were 46 survivors.[49]
Scotia  Denmark World War II: The cargo ship (2,400 GRT, 1924) was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea (57°31′N 2°17′E / 57.517°N 2.283°E / 57.517; 2.283) by U-23 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of 19 of her 21 crew. Survivors were rescued by Hafnia ( Denmark).[2][50]
Streonshalh  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship was stopped in the Atlantic Ocean south of Trinidad (25°01′S 27°50′W / 25.017°S 27.833°W / -25.017; -27.833) by Admiral Graf Spee ( Kriegsmarine) and was sunk with scuttling charges and gunfire after her 32 crew had been taken aboard the raider.[1][2]
Tajandoen  Netherlands World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 40 nautical miles (74 km) north of Ouessant, Finistère, France (49°09′N 4°51′W / 49.150°N 4.850°W / 49.150; -4.850) by U-47 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of six of her 68 crew. Survivors were rescued by Louis Sheid ( Belgium).[2][51][52]
Thomas Walton  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Norwegian Sea south of Svolvær, Norway (67°53′N 14°29′E / 67.883°N 14.483°E / 67.883; 14.483) by U-38 ( Kriegsmarine with the loss of 13 of her 44 crew. Survivors were rescued by Irma ( Norway) and Sebu ( Germany).[53]
Whintown  United Kingdom The cargo ship collided with Leo ( United Kingdom) and sank in the North Sea 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) south of the Haisboro' Lightship ( Trinity House).[1]

8 December

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List of shipwrecks: 8 December 1939
Ship State Description
Adour  Belgium The cargo ship (1,105 GRT, 1898) ran aground on rocks at Îles de Glénan, Finistère, France and sank.[1]
Brandon  United Kingdom World War II: Convoy OB 48: The cargo ship straggled behind the convoy. She was torpedoed and sunk in the Celtic Sea 120 nautical miles (220 km) off Land's End, Cornwall (50°28′N 8°28′W / 50.467°N 8.467°W / 50.467; -8.467) by U-48 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of nine crew. Survivors were rescued by the trawlers Marie Jose Rosette ( Belgium) and Tritten ( United Kingdom).[2][54]
Corea  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Cromer, Norfolk. with the loss of eight of her 15 crew. Survivors were rescued by H F Bailey III ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution).[1][2]
Dinard  France The coaster collided with Swynfleet ( United Kingdom) and sank in the English Channel off Deal, Kent.[55][56]
Gambhria  United Kingdom The cargo ship was sunk as a block ship in Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands. She was raised in 1943 and taken to Liverpool Bay where she was used as an ASDIC target.[57]
Merel  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in The Downs, Kent west of the Gull Lightship ( Trinity House) with the loss of sixteen of her eighteen crew.[6][58]
Middlesbro'  United Kingdom The cargo ship struck the wreck of Goodwood ( United Kingdom) and sank in the North Sea 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) off Flamborough Head, Yorkshire. The crew were rescued by Runeborg ( Sweden).[2][59]
Moskva  Soviet Navy Winter War: The minesweeper ran aground in Saunaniemi Bay whilst avoiding Finnish artillery fire.[24]
M-30  Soviet Navy Winter War: The minesweeper ran aground in Saunaniemi Bay whilst avoiding Finnish artillery fire and was holed. An attempt was made to beach her, but she rammed the minesweeper M-416, which sank. M-30 was beached.[24]
M-416  Soviet Navy Winter War: The minesweeper was rammed and sunk in Saunaniemi Bay by the minesweeper M-30 ( Soviet Navy). Her crew were rescued by the minesweepers M-412 and M-422 (both  Soviet Navy).[24]

9 December

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List of shipwrecks: 9 December 1939
Ship State Description
Adolf Leonhardt  Germany World War II: The cargo ship was scuttled by her crew in the South Atlantic off Portuguese West Africa when intercepted by HMS Shropshire ( Royal Navy), which rescued her 25 crew.[1][2][60]
Magnus  Denmark World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea (57°48′N 0°35′W / 57.800°N 0.583°W / 57.800; -0.583) by U-20 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of eighteen of her nineteen crew. The survivor was rescued by the fishing trawler Philippe ( United Kingdom).[1][2][61]
San Alberto  United Kingdom World War II: Convoy OB 48: The tanker was torpedoed and damaged in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Cornwall (49°20′N 9°45′W / 49.333°N 9.750°W / 49.333; -9.750) by U-48 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of one of her 37 crew. The ship broke in two, with the bow section sinking. Survivors were rescued by Alexandre Andre ( Belgium) but later reboarded the stern section and attempted to reach port. It was later scuttled by HMS Mackay ( Royal Navy).[1][2][62][63]

10 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 10 December 1939
Ship State Description
Bolheim  Germany World War II: Winter War: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Gulf of Bothnia off Mäntyluoto, Finland, 28 miles (45 km) south west of Sappi Lighthouse (61°26′N 21°04′E / 61.433°N 21.067°E / 61.433; 21.067) by S-1 ( Soviet Navy). Three crewmen were killed.[1][2][64][65][66]
Fire King  United Kingdom The coaster collided with Duke of Lancaster ( United Kingdom) in the Irish Sea off the Point of Ayre, Isle of Man and sank. The wreck was dispersed in 1940.[67]
Føina  Norway World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 160 nautical miles (300 km) west north west of Rattray Head, Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom by U-20 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of all eighteen crew.[1][2][68][69][70]
Immingham  Netherlands World War II: The coaster struck a mine and was damaged in the North Sea off Callantsoog, North Holland. She sank the next day. All seven crew were rescued.[2][52][71][72][73]
Jotun  Norway The coaster ran aground south of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, United Kingdom and was wrecked.[2]
Kabinda  Belgium The cargo ship ran aground on the Goodwin Sands, Kent, United Kingdom (51°15′03″N 1°29′17″E / 51.25083°N 1.48806°E / 51.25083; 1.48806) and broke in two. All 41 crewmen were rescued. She was declared a total loss.[2][5][74][49][75]
Kassari  Estonia World War II: Winter War: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Baltic Sea off Utö, Finland by S-323 ( Soviet Navy) with the loss of a crew member.[1][2]
HMT Ray of Hope  Royal Navy World War II: The auxiliary mineswseeper struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Ramsgate, Kent with the loss of nine of her twelve crew. Survivors were rescued by HMT Silver Dawn ( Royal Navy).[31][76]
Reinbeck  Germany World War II: Winter War: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Gulf of Finland (59°42′N 24°26′E / 59.700°N 24.433°E / 59.700; 24.433) by S-322 ( Soviet Navy).[1][2][77]
Stanwood  United Kingdom The collier's cargo of coal caught fire. She was beached in the Carrick Roads but capsized and was declared a total loss. The wreck was dispersed by explosives in 1949.[78][79]
Willowpool  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship either struck a mine and sank in the North Sea east of the Newarp Lightship ( Trinity House) (52°52′48″N 1°51′12″E / 52.88000°N 1.85333°E / 52.88000; 1.85333), or was torpedoed and sunk by U-20 ( Kriegsmarine). All 36 crew were rescued by the Gorleston lifeboat Louise Stephens ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution).[1][80][81][82]

11 December

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List of shipwrecks: 11 December 1939
Ship State Description
Garoufalia  Greece World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Norwegian Sea (64°36′N 10°42′E / 64.600°N 10.700°E / 64.600; 10.700) by U-38 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of four of her 29 crew. Survivors were rescued by Tellus ( Norway).[1][2][83][84]
Storfjeld  Norway The cargo ship ran aground on the Seaton Rocks, Northumberland, United Kingdom (55°05′15″N 1°28′00″W / 55.08750°N 1.46667°W / 55.08750; -1.46667) and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued from the shore by the Coastguard life-saving apparatus.[85][86][87]

12 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 12 December 1939
Ship State Description
Dionyssios Strathatos  Greece The cargo ship sank in the Atlantic Ocean (58°31′N 21°55′W / 58.517°N 21.917°W / 58.517; -21.917).[88]
HMS Duchess  Royal Navy The D-class destroyer collided with HMS Barham ( Royal Navy) 9 nautical miles (17 km) off the Mull of Kintyre and sank with the loss of 124 of her 145 crew.
Marwick Head  United Kingdom World War II: The coaster struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Caister-on-Sea, Norfolk with the loss of five of her ten crew.[2][89][90]
Torö  Sweden World War II: The cargo ship (1,467 GRT, 1924) struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea (55°20′N 13°04′E / 55.333°N 13.067°E / 55.333; 13.067).[2] There were no casualties.[91][circular reference]
Vidovodan  Yugoslavia The cargo ship ran aground off Natuna Island and was wrecked.[92]

13 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 13 December 1939
Ship State Description
Algol  Sweden World War II: The cargo ship hit a mine between Trelleborg and Falsterbo (55°19′N 12°28′E / 55.317°N 12.467°E / 55.317; 12.467) and sank. Six crew were rescued. She was salvaged in 1940, repaired and returned to service.[93]
Ashkabad  Soviet Union World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea off Dunkerque, Nord, France by U-57 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of seventeen crew.[1][2]
Deptford  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Norwegian Sea off Honningsvåg, Norway (62°15′N 05°08′E / 62.250°N 5.133°E / 62.250; 5.133 (Deptford (ship))) by U-38 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of 32 of her 37 crew. Survivors were rescued by HNoMS Firda ( Royal Norwegian Navy) and Nordnorge ( Norway).[1][2][94]
Indigirka  Soviet Union The passenger ship operated by Dalstroi ran aground when trying to enter the La Perouse Strait with a loss of 741 lives, most of them from the Gulag prison.
King Egbert  United Kingdom World War II: Convoy FS 53: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 4.5 nautical miles (8.3 km) off Happisburgh, Norfolk and 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) south west of the Haisborough Lightship ( Trinity House) with the loss of one of her 33 crew. The wreck was subsequently dispersed by explosives.[2][95][96]
HSwMS Manligheten  Swedish Navy The ship suffered an onboard explosion which killed six crew.[1]
Mina  Estonia World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea by U-57 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of all seventeen crew.[97][98]
Rosa  Belgium World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km) off the mouth of the River Tyne (55°01′42″N 01°13′00″W / 55.02833°N 1.21667°W / 55.02833; -1.21667) with the loss of a crew member.[2][99]
HMT William Hallett  Royal Navy World War II: The Strath-class trawler was sunk by a mine 3.5 nautical miles (6.5 km) off the mouth of the River Tyne with the loss of eight of her nine crew. The survivor was rescued by the fishing trawler Ben Arthur ( United Kingdom).[1][2]

14 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 14 December 1939
Ship State Description
F-9  Kriegsmarine World War II: The F-class escort ship was torpedoed and sunk off Heligoland by HMS Ursula ( Royal Navy) with the loss of 120 of her 135 crew. Survivors were rescued by Richard Beitzen ( Kriegsmarine).[1][2][100][101]
Inverlane  United Kingdom World War II: Convoy FN 54: The Inver-class tanker was mined and abandoned in the North Sea off Sunderland, County Durham (55°05′00″N 01°07′00″W / 55.08333°N 1.11667°W / 55.08333; -1.11667) with the loss of four of her crew. She subsequently washed ashore at Seaburn, County Durham. The bow section was salvaged and used as a blockship at Scapa Flow.[1]
HMT James Ludford  Royal Navy World War II: The Mersey-class trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Northumberland (55°02′30″N 01°16′15″W / 55.04167°N 1.27083°W / 55.04167; -1.27083) with the loss of seventeen of her eighteen crew.[1][2][102]
HMS Kelly  Royal Navy World War II: The K-class destroyer struck a mine in the North Sea and was severely damaged. Repairs took until 28 February 1940 to complete.

15 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 15 December 1939
Ship State Description
Germaine  Greece World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean (51°00′N 12°18′W / 51.000°N 12.300°W / 51.000; -12.300) by U-48 ( Kriegsmarine). Her crew were rescued by HMS Wanderer ( Royal Navy).[1][103][104]
Harfry  United Kingdom The cargo ship collided with Luso or Luso) ( Portugal) in the North Sea off Dunkerque, Nord, France and was beached.[103][105]
H. C. Flood  Norway World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea (55°02′00″N 01°12′00″W / 55.03333°N 1.20000°W / 55.03333; -1.20000) with the loss of four of her 21 crew.[1][106]
Ragni  Norway World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank off the mouth of the River Tyne (55°02′N 1°12′W / 55.033°N 1.200°W / 55.033; -1.200) with the loss of six of her nineteen crew.[1][2][107]
Strindheim  Norway World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank off the mouth of the River Tyne (55°02′37″N 01°17′35″W / 55.04361°N 1.29306°W / 55.04361; -1.29306) with the loss of nine of her eleven crew.[1][2]
Ursus  Sweden World War II: The cargo ship (1,499 GRT, 1902) struck a mine and sank in the North Sea north of the North Foreland, Kent (51°35′N 1°36′E / 51.583°N 1.600°E / 51.583; 1.600) with the loss of nine of her twenty crew. Survivors were rescued by the fishing trawler Brindus ( Netherlands).[6][108]
Vindovan  Yugoslavia The cargo ship was wrecked on Great Netuna, Netherlands East Indies.[109]

16 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 16 December 1939
Ship State Description
Amble  United Kingdom World War II: The tanker struck a mine and was damaged in the North Sea off Sunderland, County Durham. Her crew were rescued by HMS Wallace ( Royal Navy). Amble came ashore between Sunderland and Whitburn. She was refloated on 25 December but declared a constructive total loss and scrapped.[1][2][110]
HMT Evelina  Royal Navy World War II: The naval trawler was sunk by a mine off the mouth of the River Tyne with the loss of all nine crew.[1][2][111]
Glitrefjell  Norway World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea (56°14′N 1°04′E / 56.233°N 1.067°E / 56.233; 1.067) by U-59 ( Kriegsmarine) at with the loss of five of her eighteen crew. Survivors were rescued by Icarion ( Greece) and HMS Icarus ( Royal Navy).[1][103][112]
Lister  Sweden World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea (55°13′N 1°33′E / 55.217°N 1.550°E / 55.217; 1.550) off Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom by U-59 ( Kriegsmarine) 130 nautical miles (240 km). Six crew were rescued by HMS Eclipse ( Royal Navy), with all the rest reaching the Danish coast in a lifeboat. There were no casualties.[1][103][113]
HMT Sedgefly  Royal Navy World War II: The naval trawler struck a mine and sank off the mouth of the River Tyne with the loss of all sixteen crew.[1][2][114]

17 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 17 December 1939
Ship State Description
Admiral Graf Spee  Kriegsmarine
Admiral Graf Spee

World War II: Battle of the River Plate: The Deutschland-class cruiser (12,340/16,020 t, 1936) was scuttled off Montevideo, Uruguay rather than engage with the Allies or be interned.

Bogø  Denmark World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 75 nautical miles (139 km) east of the Isle of May, Fife, United Kingdom (56°12′N 0°17′W / 56.200°N 0.283°W / 56.200; -0.283) by U-59 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of seventeen of her twenty crew. Survivors were rescued by the fishing trawler River Earn ( United Kingdom).[1][103][115][116]
Compagnus  United Kingdom World War II: The fishing vessel was bombed and sunk in the North Sea 150 nautical miles (280 km) east by north of the Isle of May by aircraft of X Fliegerkorps, Luftwaffe with the loss of a crew member. Survivors were rescued by Colleague ( United Kingdom).[103][117]
Eileen Wray  United Kingdom World War II: The fishing trawler was bombed and damaged in the North Sea off Hartlepool, Co Durham by aircraft of X Fliegerkorps, Luftwaffe. She was towed into port but sank.[103]
Isabella Greig  United Kingdom World War II: The fishing trawler was bombed and sunk in the North Sea 145 nautical miles (269 km) east by north of the Isle of May by aircraft of X Fliegerkorps, Luftwaffe. Her crew were rescued.[103]
Jaegersborg  Denmark World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea by U-59 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of all eighteen crew.[1][118][119]
Pearl  United Kingdom World War II: The fishing trawler was bombed and sunk in the North Sea 65 nautical miles (120 km) east by south of the Inner Dowsing Lightship ( Trinity House) by aircraft of X Fliegerkorps, Luftwaffe with the loss of a crew member.[103][120]
Serenity  United Kingdom World War II: The fishing trawler was bombed and sunk 8 nautical miles (15 km) east north east of Whitby, Yorkshire by Luftwaffe aircraft. All eight crew were rescued by a lifeboat.[1][121]
Zelos  United Kingdom World War II: The fishing trawler was bombed and sunk in the North Sea 110 nautical miles (200 km) east by north of the Isle of May by aircraft of X Fliegerkorps, Luftwaffe.[103]

18 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 18 December 1939
Ship State Description
Active  United Kingdom World War II: The fishing trawler was bombed and sunk in the Moray Firth 30 nautical miles (56 km) north by west of Rattray Head, Aberdeenshire, by aircraft of X Fliegerkorps, Luftwaffe with the loss of a crew member. Survivors were rescued by Caribineer II ( United Kingdom).[122]
Trinity N. B.  United Kingdom World War II: The fishing trawler was bombed and sunk in the North Sea off Kinnaird Head, Aberdeenshire (57°50′N 1°30′W / 57.833°N 1.500°W / 57.833; -1.500) by aircraft of X Fliegerkorps, Luftwaffe, with the loss of two of her crew. Survivors were rescued by Smart ( Denmark).[103][123]

19 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 19 December 1939
Ship State Description
Columbus  Germany World War II: The passenger ship was intercepted in the Atlantic Ocean 450 nautical miles (830 km) east of Cape May, New Jersey, United States (38°01′N 65°41′W / 38.017°N 65.683°W / 38.017; -65.683) by HMS Hyperion ( Royal Navy) and was scuttled by her crew with the loss of two lives.[124]
City of Kobe  United Kingdom World War II: Convoy FS 56: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea near the Cross Sands Lightship ( Trinity House) (52°34′54″N 1°59′30″E / 52.58167°N 1.99167°E / 52.58167; 1.99167) with the loss of one of her 31 crew. Survivors were rescued by HMT Tumby ( Royal Navy).[1][103][125][126]
Daneden  United Kingdom World War II: The fishing trawler was bombed and sunk in the North Sea east south east of the Shetland Islands by aircraft of X Fliegerkorps, Luftwaffe.[127]
Jytte  Denmark World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 18 nautical miles (33 km) off Souter Point, Northumberland, United Kingdom with the loss of ten of her eighteen crew. Survivors were rescued by Avance ( Denmark).[1][2]
River Earn  United Kingdom World War II: The fishing trawler was bombed and sunk in the North Sea east north east of Kinnaird Head (58°30′N 2°01′E / 58.500°N 2.017°E / 58.500; 2.017) by aircraft of X Fliegerkorps, Luftwaffe. All on board were rescued by Rogaland ( Norway).[103]
Uko  Finland World War II: The coaster was bombed and sunk in the North Sea 80 nautical miles (150 km) south of Utsira, Norway by Luftwaffe aircraft. All on board were rescued by Sir Ernest Cassel ( Sweden).[103]
Voima  Merivoimat The minelayer/naval tug was lost by grounding.[128]

20 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 20 December 1939
Ship State Description
Adolf Bratt  Sweden World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Terschelling, Friesland, Netherlands (53°28′N 5°08′E / 53.467°N 5.133°E / 53.467; 5.133) with the loss of five of the 22 people on board. Survivors were rescued by Auseklis ( Latvia).[1][103][129][130]
Mars  Sweden World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) east of St Mary's Lighthouse, off Blyth, Northumberland, United Kingdom (55°03′48″N 1°23′59″W / 55.06333°N 1.39972°W / 55.06333; -1.39972) with the loss of seven of her 22 crew.[1][103]
HMS Napia  Royal Navy World War II: The tug struck a mine and sank in The Downs, off Deal, Kent (51°15′45″N 1°25′00″E / 51.26250°N 1.41667°E / 51.26250; 1.41667) with the loss of all eight crew.[103][131]
Vega  Sweden World War II: The cargo ship was damaged by a mine off Terschelling. She was beached on 21 December near IJmuiden, North Holland but was declared a total loss. Her seventeen crew were rescued by Venern ( Sweden).[1][103]

21 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 21 December 1939
Ship State Description
HMS Bayonet  Royal Navy World War II: The Net-class boom defence vessel struck a mine and sank in the Firth of Forth off Leith, Midlothian with the loss of three of her 31 crew.[103]
Carl Henckel  Sweden World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 90 nautical miles (170 km) off Aberdeen, United Kingdome (57°00′N 0°17′E / 57.000°N 0.283°E / 57.000; 0.283) with the loss of ten crew and 2 of the 3 survivors of Mars ( Sweden). Survivors were rescued by Hop ( Norway).[1][103][132]
Comitas  Italy World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and was damaged in the North Sea off the coast of Belgium. She was beached off Vlissingen, Zeeland, Netherlands. There were no casualties and 28 survivors. She later broke in two, a total loss.[133][134]
Danube IV  United Kingdom The tug collided with Southern Prince ( United Kingdom) in the Clyde and sank.[103]
Mars  Sweden World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea off the Isle of May, Fife, United kingdom (57°00′N 0°20′E / 57.000°N 0.333°E / 57.000; 0.333) by U-21 ( Kriegsmarine). Three of her nineteen crew were rescued by Carl Henckel ( Sweden), but two of them were killed when she was sunk just after, leaving only one survivor.[103][132][135][136]
Rudolf  Norway World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea (58°07′N 1°32′E / 58.117°N 1.533°E / 58.117; 1.533) by U-46 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of six of her thirteen crew. Survivors were rescued by Biarritz and Bjerka (both  Norway).[1][103][137][138]
Southern Prince  United Kingdom The cargo ship collided with Danube IV ( United Kingdom) in the Clyde and was beached. She was refloated on 23 December, repaired and returned to service.[103]

22 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 22 December 1939
Ship State Description
HMT Dromio  Royal Navy The naval trawler collided with Valentino ( Italy) and sank in the North Sea off Whitby, Yorkshire.[139]
Gryfevale  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and was damaged in the North Sea off Whitby. She was beached in the River Tyne.[103]
Longships  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship ran aground on the Seven Stones Reef, between Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. Her crew were rescued by the St Mary's lifeboat Cunard ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution). She broke in two a week later.[1][140]

23 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 23 December 1939
Ship State Description
HMS Glen Albyn  Royal Navy World War II: The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in Loch Ewe.[141][142]
Dolphin  United Kingdom World War II: The decommissioned former repair ship (3,099 GRT, 1902) struck a mine and sank in the North Sea (55°06′05″N 01°27′09″W / 55.10139°N 1.45250°W / 55.10139; -1.45250) whilst under tow to be sunk as a blockship. All seven crew were rescued.[1][103][143]
Kizilrmak  Turkey The cargo ship sank in the Black Sea 6 nautical miles (11 km) off the Sinop Lighthouse.[144]
HMT Promotive  Royal Navy World War II: The auxiliary minesweeper struck a mine and sank in Loch Ewe.[145][146]

25 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 25 December 1939
Ship State Description
Edenwood  United Kingdom The collier collided with HMS Derbyshire ( Royal Navy) and sank in the English Channel east of Bembridge, Isle of Wight.[103][147]
Lappen  Norway The cargo ship was sunk by an explosion in the Norwegian Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) off Bergen. Her crew were rescued by HNoMS Fridtjof Nansen ( Royal Norwegian Navy). The explosion was later attributed to barratry.[103][148]
HMT Loch Doon  Royal Navy World War II: The auxiliary minesweeper struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 8 nautical miles (15 km) off Blyth, Northumberland with the loss of all fifteen crew.[1][103][149]
Stanholme  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the Bristol Channel (51°20′N 3°39′W / 51.333°N 3.650°W / 51.333; -3.650) with the loss of thirteen of her 24 crew. Survivors were rescued by Liv ( Norway).[1][103][150][151]
Tanger  Germany The cargo ship (1,742 GRT, 1923) collided with Vulkan ( Germany) and sank in the North Sea off Brunsbüttel.[103][152]
Torwood  Norway World War II: The coaster struck a mine in the North Sea west of Karmøy and was damaged. She sank the next day with the loss of four of her eleven crew. Survivors were rescued by Hild ( Norway).[153]

26 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 26 December 1939
Ship State Description
Glücksburg  Germany World War II: The cargo ship was intercepted by HMS Wishart ( Royal Navy) and deliberately ran aground by her crew near the Chipiona Lightship ( Spain) off Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain. All crew were rescued by the fishing boat Ciudad de Melilla ( Spain). Glücksberg broke up on 4 January 1940, a total loss.[1]
HMS Triumph  Royal Navy World War II: The T-class submarine struck a mine in the North Sea. She was severely damaged, losing 18 feet (5.5 m) of her bow. Repairs took until 27 September 1940 to complete.

27 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 27 December 1939
Ship State Description
Stanholme  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off the coast of Norway with the loss of fourteen of her 25 crew. The survivors were rescued by a Norwegian ship. (Look 25/12/1939)[148]

28 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 28 December 1939
Ship State Description
HMT Barbara Robertson  Royal Navy World War II: The Mersey-class trawler was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 35 nautical miles (65 km) north west of the Butt of Lewis by U-30 ( Kriegsmarine) with the loss of one of her seventeen crew. Survivors were rescued by HMS Isis ( Royal Navy).[1][154][155]
Hanne  Denmark World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) east of Blyth, Northumberland, United Kingdom (55°06′25″N 01°29′14″W / 55.10694°N 1.48722°W / 55.10694; -1.48722} with the loss of fifteen of her 40 crew.[1][103]
Resercho  United Kingdom World War II: The trawler (258 GRT, 1917) struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 6 nautical miles (11 km) off Flamborough Head, Yorkshire. Her ten crew were rescued.[156][157]

29 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 29 December 1939
Ship State Description
Cabo San Antonio  Spain The cargo liner (12,275 GRT, 1930) caught fire in the Atlantic Ocean 400 nautical miles (740 km) west of Conakry, French Guinea (10°01′N 21°00′W / 10.017°N 21.000°W / 10.017; -21.000) and was abandoned with the loss of five passengers. Survivors were rescued by Cassard ( French Navy). Cabo San Antonio was scuttled by the French destroyer on 31 December as she became a danger to navigation.[158][159]
Neptun  Germany The coaster ran aground in the Kattegat off Varberg, Sweden and was wrecked.[103]
Wilpas  Finland World War II: Winter War: The coaster was sunk by gunfire in the Gulf of Bothnia off Vaasa by ShhC-311 ( Soviet Navy).[1][103]

30 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 30 December 1939
Ship State Description
Telma  Finland The cargo ship was sunk by ice in the Gulf of Bothnia off Oulu. Her fifteen crew were rescued.[160][161]
V 704 Claus Wish  Kriegsmarine World War II: The Einswarden-class naval trawler/vorpostenboot ran aground east of Trelleborg, Sweden, possibly after hitting a mine. Her crew were rescued, except for two men. She was a total loss.[36][162]

31 December

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 31 December 1939
Ship State Description
Adeline  Belgium World War II: The fishing vessel was bombed and sunk in the North Sea off the Noordhinder Lightship ( Netherlands).[163]
Box Hill  United Kingdom World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off the Humber Lightship ( Trinity House) (53°32′N 0°24′E / 53.533°N 0.400°E / 53.533; 0.400) with the loss of twenty of her 32 crew. Survivors were rescued by HMS Ivanhoe ( Royal Navy) and another ship.[1][164] The wreck was dispersed by explosives in 1952.[165]
Luna  Norway World War II: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea (58°48′N 3°20′E / 58.800°N 3.333°E / 58.800; 3.333) by U-32 ( Kriegsmarine). Her crew were rescued by Colombia ( Norway).[1][166][167]

Unknown date

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1939
Ship State Description
Kiviniemi  Merivoimat Winter War: The minelayer was sunk in early December by an explosion of one of her mines while being placed. Four of her crew were killed.[168]
Maud Mary  Poland The schooner sank in Poole Bay.[169]

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[edit]
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  105. ^ "SS Harfry (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  106. ^ "SS H. C. Flood (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  107. ^ "D/S Ragni". Warsailors. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  108. ^ "SS Ursus (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  109. ^ Jordan, Roger (1999). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939. London: Chatham publishing. p. 597. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
  110. ^ "SS Amble (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  111. ^ "Incidents 13 Dec'39-14 Feb'40". NE-diary.bpears.org.uk. Archived from the original on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  112. ^ "Glitrefjell". Uboat. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  113. ^ "Lister". uboat.net. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  114. ^ "HMS Sedgefly (FY 122) (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  115. ^ "SS Bogo (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  116. ^ "Bogø". Uboat. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  117. ^ "FV Compagnus (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  118. ^ "SS Jaegersborg (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  119. ^ "Jaegersborg". uboat.net. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  120. ^ "FV Pearl (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  121. ^ "MV Serenity (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  122. ^ "FV Active (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  123. ^ "FV Trinity N. B. (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  124. ^ Jordan, Roger (1999). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939. London: Chatham Publishing. p. 468. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
  125. ^ "City of Kobe". Uboat. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  126. ^ Jordan, Roger (1999). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939. London: Chatham Publishing. p. 492. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
  127. ^ "FV Dane N (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  128. ^ "Finnish Navy Loses". Kotisvut.fonet. Archived from the original on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  129. ^ "SS Adolph Bratt (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  130. ^ "Adolph Bratt". wrakkenmuseum.nl. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  131. ^ "SS Napia (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  132. ^ a b "D/S Hop". Warsailors. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  133. ^ "SS Comitas (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  134. ^ "Italian Losses". conlapelleappesaaunchiodo.blogspot.com. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  135. ^ "SS Mars (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  136. ^ "Mars". Uboat. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  137. ^ "SS Rudolf (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  138. ^ "D/S Rudolf". Warsailors. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  139. ^ "HMT Dromio (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  140. ^ "SS Longships (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  141. ^ "HMT Glen Albyn (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  142. ^ "HMS Glen Albyn". uboat.net. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  143. ^ "HMS Dolphin". Uboat. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  144. ^ "SS Kizilrmak (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  145. ^ "HMT Promotive (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  146. ^ "HMS Promotive". uboat.net. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  147. ^ "MV Edenwood (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  148. ^ a b "D/S Lappen". Warsailors. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
  149. ^ "HMS Loch Doon (FY 127)". uboat.net. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  150. ^ "SS Stanholme (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  151. ^ "D/S Liv". Warsailors. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
  152. ^ Jordan, Roger (1999). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939. London: Chatham Publishing. p. 465. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
  153. ^ "Norwegian Homefleet - WW II, Ships starting with To through Ty". Warsailors. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
  154. ^ "HMT Barbara Robertson (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  155. ^ "HMS Barbara Robertson". uboat.net. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  156. ^ "FV Resercho (GY1103) ? (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  157. ^ "Resercho". uboat.net. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  158. ^ "MV Cabo San Antonio (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  159. ^ Jordan, Roger (1999). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939. London: Chatham publishing. p. 570. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
  160. ^ "SS Telma (+1939)". www.wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  161. ^ "Telma". www.vesimiehet.fi. 10 August 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  162. ^ "V-704 (Claus Wisch) (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  163. ^ "Adeline (P-50) (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  164. ^ "Naval Events, October 1939, Part 2 of 2, Sunday 15th - Tuesday 31st". Naval History. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
  165. ^ Jordan, Roger (1999). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939. London: Chatham Publishing. p. 488. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
  166. ^ "SS Luna (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  167. ^ "Luna". uboat.net. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  168. ^ "Finnish Navy in the Winter War". Kotisivat.fonet. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  169. ^ "Maud Mary (+1939)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
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