Inclined building
An inclined building is a building that was intentionally built at an incline. Buildings are built with an incline primarily for aesthetics, offering a unique feature to a city's skyline, as well as framing other buildings and structures between them when built in pairs.
Design
[edit] |
Despite the outward appearance of an inclined building as "leaning-over", they are as structurally sound as any non-inclined building. The mass of the building's upper floors is always equal or less than the mass of the building's lower floors, ensuring the building remains balanced around its centre of mass.
The upward slope of an inclined building is not to be confused with the upward slope of an otherwise non-inclined building, such as the Leadenhall Building in London. It should also not be confused with the top-heavy design of an otherwise non-inclined building, such as Vancouver House in Vancouver.
Tallest inclined buildings
[edit]As of October 2019, this list includes all intentionally inclined buildings (completed and architecturally topped out) which reach a height of 30 metres (98 ft) or more, as assessed by their highest architectural feature. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts.
| bold | Denotes building that is or was once the tallest in the world |
| Rank | Name | Image | Location | Country | Height m (ft) |
Floors | Inclination | Completed | Notes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Altair - East Tower | .jpg)
|
Colombo |  Sri Lanka
|
209.1 m (686 ft) | 68 | 13.8° | 2019 | Completed 2021. Tallest inclined building in the world since 2019, as well as the tallest building in Sri Lanka. Its inclusion on the list is arguable as it is not entirely self supported, there is a structural connection to the project's West Tower on the leaning side. | [1] |
| 2 | Capital Gate | 
|
Abu Dhabi |  United Arab Emirates
|
164.7 m (540 ft) | 36 | 18° | 2011 | Tallest inclined building in the world from 2011 to 2019. | [2] |
| 3 | American Copper Buildings - East Tower | .jpg)
|
New York City, New York |  United States
|
143.1 m (469 ft) | 40 | 7° | 2017 | [3] | |
| 4 | Veer Towers | .JPG)
|
Las Vegas, Nevada | United States
|
137 m (449 ft) | 37 | 5° | 2010 | Tallest inclined buildings in the world from 2010 to 2011. Tallest inclined twin buildings in the world since 2010. | [4][5] |
| 5 | Marina Tower Melbourne | 
|
Melbourne, Victoria |  Australia
|
134.9 m (443 ft) | 43 | 5° | 2017 | Tallest inclined building in the Southern Hemisphere. | [6] |
| 6 | Puerta de Europa | 
|
Madrid |  Spain
|
113.8 m (373 ft) | 26 | 15° | 1996 | Tallest inclined buildings in the world from 1996 to 2010. | [7][8] |
| 7 | AC Hotel Bella Sky Copenhagen | 
|
Copenhagen |  Denmark
|
76.5 m (251 ft) | 24 | 15° | 2011 | [9] | |
| 8 | City Hall | 
|
London |  United Kingdom
|
45.1 m (148 ft) | 10 | ? | 2002 | [10] | |
| 9 | Museum of the Second World War | 
|
Gdańsk |  Poland
|
40.6 m (133 ft) | 6 | 56° | 2017 | [11][12] | |
| 10 | Dockland Office Building | 
|
Hamburg |  Germany
|
39.9 m (131 ft) | 8 | 66° | 2005 | Features an inclination of 66°, the most of any inclined building. | [13][14] |
| 11 | Wellington International Airport ATC Tower | Wellington |  New Zealand
|
32 m (105 ft) | 8 | 12.5° | 2018 | Also known as "the leaning tower of Rongotai". | [15] |
Other Examples
[edit]
- A pair of 101m (331ft) tall inclined buildings featuring a 15° tilt can be found in Chongqing, China.[citation needed]
- A pair of inclined buildings connected by a skybridge can be found in Akademgorodok, a town located 30 km south of Novosibirsk, Russia.
- An inclined office building is proposed as part of the new "Brighouse Village" redevelopment located across the street from Richmond Centre in Richmond, British Columbia.[16][17]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Altair - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
- ^ "Capital Gate Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
- ^ "American Copper Buildings East Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
- ^ "Veer Towers East - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
- ^ "Veer Towers West - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
- ^ "Marina Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
- ^ "Puerta de Europa Torre I - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
- ^ "Puerta de Europa Torre II - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
- ^ "Bella Sky Complex - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2019-09-28.
- ^ "London City Hall, London - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
- ^ "Museum of the Second World War, Gdańsk | 1353519 | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Wyborcza.pl". trojmiasto.wyborcza.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
- ^ "Dockland Office Building, Hamburg". Verdict Designbuild. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
- ^ "Dockland, Hamburg - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
- ^ grant.bradley@nzherald.co.nz @gbradleynz, Grant Bradley Aviation, tourism and energy writer for the NZ Herald (2018-02-05). "New 'leaning tower of Rongotai' is eye-catching marvel". ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Xiong, Daisy. "Over 1,100 new dwellings to tower near Brighouse Station". Richmond News. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
- ^ "Landmark redevelopment with 4 towers proposed next to Richmond-Brighouse Station | Urbanized". dailyhive.com. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
External links
[edit]- Inclined towers as electricity pylons at Hoover Dam[permanent dead link]
- Inclined Pylon of the Rhine Valley Line at Sargans at Structurae
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