User:JMvanDijk/Sandbox 12
Augmentation of English Royal Arms
Overview of Plantagenet arms
Outside Influences
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| Coat of arms (c. 1220) The earliest depictions of the Staufer arms show a single lion; for a short time augmented to two lions, and after 1196 three lions or leopards. The tincture or and sable is attested in 1220.[1][2] The seal of Henry (VII) of Germany (1216) shows three leopards (passant guardant). | The second Great Seal of King Richard the Lionheart (1189–1199) was the first Royal emblem of England to feature three lions | Arms of France (modern) which had reduced the semée of fleur-de-lys to 3. | Lesser arms of the Kings of Sweden showing 3 crowns | Arms of (the Kings of) Denmark |
In the same period lions also appeared in the arms of Brabant, Flanders, Luxembourg, Holland, Limburg and other territories(see Dutch Republic Lion). It is curious that the lion as a heraldic symbol was mostly used in border territories and neighbouring countries of the Holy Roman Empire and France. It was in all likelihood a way of showing independence from the emperor, who used an eagle in his personal arms and the King of France, who used the famous Fleur-de-lis. In Europe the lion had been a well-known figure since Roman times, through works such as the fables of Aesop, and as a symbol of ancient royalty from Hercules to Alexander the Great.
Before Edward III
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| Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou (also William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, illegitimate son of King Henry II) |
Henry II of England (possible) John, prior to becoming king (also his illegitimate son Richard FitzRoy) |
Henry II of England (possible) and Richard I of England (1189–1198) | Kings of England 1198–1340, 1360–1369 |
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The first documented use of royal arms dates from the reign of Richard I (1189–1199). Much later antiquarians would retrospectively invented attributed arms for earlier kings, but their reigns pre-dated the systematisation of hereditary English heraldry that only occurred in the second half of the 12th century.[3] Lions may have been used as a badge by members of the Norman dynasty: a late-12th century chronicler reports that in 1128, Henry I of England knighted his son-in-law, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, and gave him a gold lion badge. The memorial enamel created to decorate Geoffrey's tomb depicts a blue coat of arms bearing gold lions. His son, Henry II (1133–1189) used a lion as his emblem, and based on the arms used by his sons and other relatives, he may have used a coat of arms with a single lion or two lions, though no direct testimony of this has been found.[4] His children experimented with different combinations of lions on their arms. Richard I (1189–1199) used a single lion rampant, or perhaps two lions affrontés, on his first seal,[5] but later used three lions passant in his 1198 Great Seal of England, and thus established the lasting design of the Royal Arms of England.[5] [4] In 1177, his brother John had used a seal depicting a shield with two lions passant guardant, but when he succeeded his brother on the English throne he would adopt arms with three lions passant or on a field gules, and these were then used, unchanged, as the royal arms ('King's Arms') by him and his successors until 1340.[5]
| Arms of the sons of kings and their issue | |||
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| Prince of Wales | Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, son of King John | Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III | Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund Crouchback (1322–1326) (later inherited his father's arms) |
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| Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I | Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, son of Edward I | John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall, son of Edward II | |
After Edward III
| Arms of Kings | |||
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| Kings of England 1340–1360, 1369–1395, 1399–1406 | Richard II of England, 1395–1399 | Kings of England 1406–1422, 1461–1470, 1471–1485 | Henry VI of England, 1422–1461, 1470–1471 |
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| Arms of the grandsons of Edward III | ||
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Sons of John of Gaunt: House of Lancaster Sons of Edmund of Langley:  House of York |
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| Richard of Bordeaux, son of the Black Prince, until 1376 |
Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham, son of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester | |
House of Lancaster
| Arms of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster | Arms of Henry of Bolingbroke, eldest son of John of Gaunt | ||
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| As Duke of Lancaster | As claimant King of Castile (1371) | As Duke of Hereford | As Duke of Hereford and Lancaster |
| House of Henry IV | |||
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| Princes of Wales | Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence | John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford | Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester |
| Arms of the House of Beaufort, legitimized sons of John of Gaunt | ||||
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| John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset | Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter | |||
| Before 1396 | After legitimation, 1396 | France moderne adopted | After legitimation, 1396 | France moderne adopted |
House of York
| Arms of the sons of Edmund of Langley | |||
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| Edward of Norwich, as Earl of Rutland | Edward of Norwich, as Duke of York | Duke of York since the adoption of France moderne | Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge |
| Arms of the sons of Richard, 3rd Duke of York | |||
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| Edward, Earl of March | Edmund, Earl of Rutland | George, Duke of Clarence | Richard, Duke of Gloucester |
| Arms of the grandsons of Richard, 3rd Duke of York | |||
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| Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Edward IV | Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, son of Edward IV | Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, son of George, Duke of Clarence | Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales, son of Richard III |
Non-Plantagenet families
The heiresses of Norfolk and Kent transmitted the Plantagenet arms to non-Plantagenet families:
| Mowbrays and Hollands | |||
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| Mowbray Dukes of Norfolk | Holland Earls of Kent | John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter | John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter |
Henry VI of England granted differenced versions of the Plantagenet arms to his maternal half-brothers. This was an extraordinary grant, since they were not descended from the English royal family.
| House of Tudor | |||
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| Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond | Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford | ||
Tudor Family Tree
The Tudors claim to the throne was the strongest one at the end of the Wars of the Roses, as it combined the Lancastrian claim in their descent from the Beauforts and the Royal Yorkist claim by the marriage of Henry VII to the heiress of Edward IV.
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Stewart/Stuart
Mountbatten
Promotions
(using pre 2008 shoulder boards)
| Insignia | Rank | Assignment | Date |
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officer cadet | Entered Royal Navy | 1913 |
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Rated Midshipman | * H.M.S. Lion, 1916;
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Sub-Lieutenant | * H.M.S. P31. | 1918 |
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Lieutenant | * H.M.S. Renown, 1920 (Prince of Wales' Tour, Australia and New Zealand);
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1920 |
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Lieutenant Commander | * Second Destroyer Flotilla Signal and Wireless, 1928–1929;
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1928 |
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Commander | *Qualified as interpreter in French and German, 1933;
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1932 |
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Captain | * In command of H.M.S. Kelly and Fifth Destroyer Flotilla, 1939 (mentioned in dispatches twice);
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1937 |
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Commodore (First Class) | * Commodore, Combined Operations, 1941–1942; | 1941 |
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(acting) Vice-Admiral | * Chief of Combined Operations and Member of Chief of Staff’s Committee | 1942–1943 |
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(acting) Admiral | * Supreme Allied Commander, South-East Asia | 1943–1946 |
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Rear-Admiral | * Flag Officer commanding First Cruiser Squadron, Mediterranean Fleet, 1948–1949. | 1946 |
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Vice-Admiral | * Fourth Sea Lord, 1950–1952;
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1949 |
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Admiral | * Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces, Mediterrnean, 1953–1954;
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1953 |
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Admiral of the Fleet | * Chief of the Defence Staff and Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, 1959–1965. | 1956 |
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Admiral of the Fleet | Retired (Admirals of the Fleet retain their rank on retirement) | 1965 |
Awards
The Right Honourable Admiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC, FRS↵↵↵
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Family tree House of Bebbanburg
| Eadwulf I of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh king of Northumbria (704 - 705) | ??? daughter of King Ecgfrith of Northumbria see Northumbrian kings family tree | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnwine of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eardwulf II of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eardwulf III of Bamburgh king of Northumbria king (796 – 806 AD) ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ??? Eanred of Northumbria king ofNorthumbria king (c.810 – c.850 AD) | Æthelthryth daughter of Ælla king of Northumbria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earl Eadwulf of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh "king of the North Saxons" ((fl. c. 890 – 913)) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ealdred I of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh (913 – c. 933) | ? Uhtred ealdorman in Derbyshire (fl. x 911–926, 930–50, and perhaps 955–58) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Osulf I of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh (floruit 946–963) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waltheof of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh (floruit 994) | ? Eadwulf I 'Evil-Child' of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh (floruit 963–973) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UHTRED 'the Bold' of Northumbria ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh ealdorman and ruler of all Northumbria (1006–16) | Eadwulf II 'Cudel' of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh (died 1019) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1. Ecgfrida dau. of Ealdhun, Bishop of Dunham (fl. 990) | 2. Sige dau. of Styr Ulfsson (fl. 1000) | 3. Ælfgifu dau. of King Æthelred the Unready and Ælfgifu of York (fl. 1016) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ealdred II of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh ((died 1038) | Eadwulf III of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh (died 1041) | Gospatrick founder of Clan Swinton  Eadulf Rus was a son or grandson | Ealdgyth | Maldred bro. of King Duncan I of Scotland see genealogy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Siward(Sigurd) earl of Northumbria (r. 1041–55) | Ælfflaed | Ealdgyth m. Ligulf, 2 sons, one of which was named Uhtred | Osulf II of Bamburgh ealdorman and high-reeve of Bebbanburgh (1065–67) | Gospatrick (d. after 1073)earl of Northumbria (r. 1067–1068) earls of Dunbar (called Earl of Lothian or Earl of March)  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waltheof earl of Northumbria , Huntingdon and Northampton (1050 – 31 May 1076) = Judith of Lens, dau. Adelaide of Normandy sister of Wm. the Conqueror | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simon de Senlis 1. | Maud countess of Huntingdon (c.1074—1130/31) | 2. King David I of Scotland | daughter | Adelise m. Raoul III of Tosny | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simon earl of Huntingdon and Northampton (c. 1098–1153) | Henry of Scotland (1114 – 12 June 1152) heir of Scotland earl of Northumbria, Huntingdon, and Northampton Kings of Scotland see genealogy  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Family Tree of the Percys
See main article: House of Percy and Duke of Northumberland
| William de Perci aux Gernons ("with whiskers", later became a common name in the family, "Algernon") arrived in England from Normandy 1067 from Percy-en-Auge in Normandy 1st feudal baron of Topcliffe, North Yorkshire (d. 1096/9) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alan de Perci 2nd feudal baron of Topcliffe (d. circa 1130/5)  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| William II de Perci (d. 1174/5) 3rd feudal baron of Topcliffe | Godfrey I, Count of Louvain | Ida of Chiny (1078–1117) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agnes de Perci (1134-1205) | Joscelin of Louvain (d.1180) 4th feudal baron of Topcliffe  | Adeliza of Louvain | 2. King Henry I of England 1. | Matilda of Scotland | Dukes of Brabant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry de Perci | Richard de Perci (d. 1244) 5th feudal baron of Topcliffe | Empress Matilda | William Adelin | House of Hesse Mountbattens | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| William III de Perci (1197-1245) 6th feudal baron of Topcliffe | King Henry II "FitzEmpress" of England | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry de Perci (1228–1272) 7th feudal baron of Topcliffe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henri de Perci 8th feudal baron of Topcliffe 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick by writ. (1273–1314)  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry de Percy 9th feudal baron of Topcliffe 2nd Baron Percy of Alnwick (1299–1352) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry de Percy 10th feudal baron of Topcliffe 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick (1320–1368) | Mary of Lancaster | Thomas Percy bishop of Norwich (d. 1369) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Margaret Neville | Henry Percy 11th feudal baron of Topcliffe 4th Baron Percy of Alnwick 1st Earl of Northumberland, 1377 forfeit 1405 (1341–1408) | Maud Lucy heiress of Egremont .svg){kind=small} | Thomas Percy 1st Earl of Worcester (1343 – 1403) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry Percy (Hotspur) (1364 – 1403) .svg){kind=small} | Thomas Percy | Ralph Percy | Alan Percy | Mary Percy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elizabeth (c. 1390 – 1437) | Henry Percy 2nd Earl of Northumberland, 1416 (1394–1455)  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry 3rd Earl of Northumberland (1421 - 1461 ) | Thomas Percy 1st Baron Egremont (1422 – 1460) | Katherine (1423 Aft. 1475 ) | George Percy (1424 - 1474 ) | Ralph Percy ( 1425 - 1464) | Richard Percy | William Percy Bishop of Carlise (1428 – 1462) | Joan Percy (1430 - 1482) married Lord Edmund d'Aganet, 8th Baron of Blyth | Anne Percy (1436 - 1522) married Thomas Hungerford of Rowden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry Percy 4th Earl of Northumberland (1449–1489) (restored 1470) | Sir Ralph Percy | Peter Percy | Sir Henry Percy | George Percy | John Percy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry Algernon Percy 5th Earl of Northumberland (1478–1527) | Alan Percy (c. 1480 – 1560) | Joscelin Percy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry Percy 6th Earl of Northumberland (1502–1537) , betrothed to Anne Boleyn | Thomas Percy (c. 1504 – 1537) participated the Pilgrimage of Grace revolt | Edward Percy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thomas Percy 7th Earl of Northumberland (forfeit 1571; restored 1572) led the Rising of the North (1528–1572) | Henry Percy 8th Earl of Northumberland (1532–1585) | Thomas Percy convicted in the Gunpowder Plot (c. 1560 – 1605) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry Percy 9th Earl of Northumberland "the Wizard Earl" (1564–1632) | Thomas Percy | William Percy | Sir Charles Percy | Richard Percy | Sir Joscelin Percy | Sir Alan Percy | Sir George Percy explorer, author, gov. of Virginia (1580–1632) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Algernon Percy 10th Earl of Northumberland (1602–1668) Lord High Admiral of England, later a Parliamentarian in the English Civil War | Henry Percy Baron Percy of Alnwick (d.1659) royalist in the English Civil War | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Joceline Percy 11th Earl of Northumberland (1644–1670) no male heirs, becomes the last male of direct Percy lineage to inherit the Earldom | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry Percy Lord Percy (1668–1669) only son and heir apparent | Elizabeth Percy suo jure Baroness Percy (1667 – 1722) | Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset Baron Percy (1684 – 1750) created Earl of Northumberland, with remainder to his son-in-law | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| George Seymour Viscount Beauchamp (1725 – 1744) | Elizabeth Percy suo jure 2nd Baroness Percy (1730 - 1776) | Sir Hugh Percy né Smithson 4th Baronet Smithson  2nd Earl of Northumberland by right of his wife,1750, and 1st Duke of Northumberland by creation 1766 (1714 – 1786) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 1766 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1714–1786) formerly Sir Hugh Smithson, Bt. | Elizabeth Seymour, 2nd Baroness Percy (1716–1776) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earl of Beverley | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland (1742–1817) | Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley (1750–1830) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland (1785–1847) | Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland (1792–1865) | George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland (1778–1867) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (1810–1899) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland (1846–1918) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (1880–1930) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry George Alan Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland (1912–1940) | Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (1914–1988) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland (1953–1995) | Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland (b. 1956) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Family Tree of the Nevilles
| Uchtred living in the frmr kingdom of Northumbria (c. 1100) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dolphin (c. 1129) lord or the manor of Staindrop, County Durham, Northumbria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maldred FitzDolphin (c. 1130) | Geoffrey de Neville | Renata de Bulmer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Robert FitzMaldred (c. 1150) | Isabel de Neville | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geoffrey FitzRobert de Neville (b. c. 1197) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geoffrey de Neville (b. c. 1225) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Robert de Neville (c. 1260/1270) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ralph 1st baron Neville de Raby (v. 1262-1331) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ralph 2nd baron Neville de Raby (v. 1291-1367) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John 3rd baron Neville de Raby (v. 1340-1388) | Alexander archbishop of York (v. 1340-1392) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ralph 4e baron Neville de Raby 1st earl of Westmorland (v. 1364-1425) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John (v. 1387-1420) | Richard 5th earl of Salisbury (1400-1460) | Robert bishop († 1457) | William 1st earl of Kent (v. 1401-1463) | George 1st baron Latimer (v. 1407-1469) | Edward 3rd baron Bergavenny (av. 1414-1476) | Cecily ép. Richard of York, Duke of York (1415-1495) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ralph 2nd earl of Westmorland (1406-1484) | John (v. 1410-1461) | Richard 16th earl of Warwick (1428-1471) | John 1st marquis Montagu (1431-1471) | George archbishop of York (1432-1476) | Thomas viscount Fauconberg (1429-1471) | Henry († 1469) | George 4th baron Bergavenny (v. 1440-1492) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ralph 3rd earl of Westmorland (v. 1456-1499) | Anne ép. Richard III (1456-1485) | George duke of Bedford (1461-1483) | Richard 2nd baron Latimer (v. 1468-1530) | George 5th baron Bergavenny (v. 1469-1535) | Edward (1471-1538) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ralph († 1498) | John 3rd baron Latimer (1493-1543) | Henry 6th baron Bergavenny (v. 1530-1587) | Edward 7th baron Bergavenny (v. 1526-1588) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ralph 4th earl of Westmorland (1498-1549) | John 4th baron Latimer (1520-1577) | Mary ép. Thomas Fane (1554-1626) | Edward 8th baron Bergavenny (v. 1550-1622) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry 5th earl of Westmorland (1525-1569) | Fane Family earls of Westmorland | Henry 9th baron Bergavenny (av. 1580-1641) | Christopher[7] (d. 1649) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charles 6th earl of Westmorland (1542-1601) | John 10th baron Bergavenny (v. 1614-1662) | George 11th baron Bergavenny († 1666) | Richard[8] (d.1643) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| George 12th baron Bergavenny (1665-1695) | George[9] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| George[10] 13th baron Bergavenny (1657-1720/1) | Edward[11] Captain,RN (d. 1701) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| George[12] 14th baron (A)bergavenny (1702–1723) | Edward[13] 15th baron (A)bergavenny (d.1724) | William[14] 16th baron(A)bergavenny (d.1744) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| George[15] 17th baron (A)bergavenny 1st Earl of Abergavenny, 1784 (1727–1785) | Edward[16] (1729- ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| later Neville Family barons (A)Bergavenny earls and marquesses of Abergavenny current representative is Christopher Nevill, 6th Marquess of Abergavenny | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- ^ Albrecht Rieber; Karl Reutter (1974). Die Pfalzkapelle in Ulm (in German). p. 204.
- ^ Rabbow, Dr Arnold (1999), The Origin of the Royal Arms of England – a European Connection, Coat of Arms, vol. 186 (Summer 1999 ed.), 53 Hitchin Street, Baldock, Hertfordshire, SG7 6AQ: The Heraldry Society, doi:5 June 2019
{{citation}}: Check|doi=value (help)CS1 maint: location (link):Of course, as in the case of the English lions, we may also ask: Why three lions passant? The answer seems obvious, just like Richard found it convenient to top everybody else’s arms in England, the Suabian Hohenstaufen, from whose ranks had come all German Kings and Emperors since 1138, wanted to stress their premier rank among all German princes with a non plus ultra coat.
It would be most natural for Richard to have been inspired by this arrangement to base his own along the same lines. But there could be even more to it, for when Henry VI released Richard, his new vassal, he might well have bestowed on him a variant of his own family coat of arms, but it is interesting to note that this would not have been an eagle coat. Several German princes bore such, clearly derived from the imperial bird. But, compared with Richard, they were lesser princes, rulers of marches on the outskirts of the Empire. Richard’s status was higher, even as a feudatory of the Emperor, who could not deceive himself into believing that he had added a new tributary state to his realm. He was well aware that their feudal relationship was personal. So he may have conferred on the king a variant not of his arms of dominion but, on a more personal note, of his family arms.
However I must admit to a time problem. As noted above, Richard’s three lions date from the 1190s. But then, so do the Suabian beasts – first seen on a seal of Duke Philip (around 1196-1198), two to four years after Richard had returned to England. The last Suabian ruler to display the single rampant animal was Konrad (d 1196), the last known instance being in 1192.19 But armorial ensigns were changed at will and it could well be that Duke Konrad adopted the three lions some time between 1192 and 1196.
- ^ Brooke-Little 1950, pp. 205–222
- ^ a b Ailes, Adrian (1982). The Origins of The Royal Arms of England. Reading: Graduate Center for Medieval Studies, University of Reading. pp. 52–63.
- ^ a b c The First Foot Guards. "Coat of Arms of King George III". footguards.tripod.com. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
- ^ "No. 40927". The London Gazette. 16 November 1956. p. 6492.
- ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1604 - dormant 1641), Creation: writ of sum. 25 May 1604 (precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
- ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1604 - dormant 1641), Creation: writ of sum. 25 May 1604 (precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
- ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1604 - dormant 1641), Creation: writ of sum. 25 May 1604 (precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
- ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1695 - abeyant 1811), Creation: writ of sum. 1 May 1695 (with precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-31. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
- ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1604 - dormant 1641), Creation: writ of sum. 25 May 1604 (precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
- ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1695 - abeyant 1811), Creation: writ of sum. 1 May 1695 (with precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-31. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
- ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1695 - abeyant 1811), Creation: writ of sum. 1 May 1695 (with precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-31. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
- ^ "(A)bergavenny, Baron (E, 1604 - dormant 1641), Creation: writ of sum. 25 May 1604 (precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
- ^ "Abergavenny, Baron (GB, 1724 - abeyant 1938) Creation: writ of sum. 12 Nov 1724 (with precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
- ^ "Abergavenny, Baron (GB, 1724 - abeyant 1938) Creation: writ of sum. 12 Nov 1724 (with precedency of 1392)". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 2007-01-30. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
Spencer Family Tree
Structure of the House[1]
 Spencer family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Line of Althorp | _Arms.png) Spencer of Spencercombe | Baronet of Yarnton | Baronet of Offley | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baron Spencer of Wormleighton | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earls of Sunderland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Dukes of Marlborough | Earls Spencer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Spencer-Churchill Dukes of Marlborough |  Descent to Winston Churchill | Spencer Barons and Visconts Churchill | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spencer Origins
Spencer Origins family tree
| Thomas Spencer 1366-? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry Spencer 1392-1476 | Isabel Lincoln | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John Spencer 1420-1486 | Thomas Spencer | William Spencer | Nicholas Spencer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elizabeth Empson | William Spencer ?-1498 | Spencer of Hodnell | Sir John Spencer of Snitterfield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sir John Spencer 1447-1522 | Isabel Graunt | Jane Spencer | Stephen Cope | Thomas Spencer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anthony Spencer | Jane Spencer | Richard Knightley | Sir William Spencer 1496-1532 | Susan Knightley | Spencer of Badby (emigrated to America in XVII century) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Katherine Kitson | Sir John Spencer 1524-1586 | altre 5 figlie | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anne, lady Mounteagle ?-1618 | Elizabeth, lady Hunsdon 1552-1618 | George Carey, II barone Hunsdon 1547-1603 | Thomas Egerton 1540-1617 | Alice Spencer 1559-1637 | Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby 1559-1594 | Sir John Spencer 1549-1600 | Mary Catlin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sir Richard Spencer 1559-1624 | Helen Elinora Brocket | Sir William Spencer 1555-1609 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spencer of Offley (extinct in 1699) | Spencer of Yarnton (extinct in 1741) | Robert Spencer, I Baron Spencer of Wormleighton From here descends Spencer, Baron Spencer of Wormleighton,earl of Sunderland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spencer Family
Italian Wiki Spencer Family Table
Spencer Barons of Wormleighton and Earls of Sunderland family tree
Robert Spencer, I Baron Spencer of Wormleighton  1570-1627 | .svg) Margaret Willoughby 1560-1597 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
John Spencer 1590-1610 a Blois | .svg) Mary Spencer 1588-1592 | Richard Spencer Member of Parliament 1593-1661 | Edward Spencer Member of Parliament 1595-1656 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
William Spencer, II Baron Spencer of Wormleighton  1591-1636 | .gif){kind=small} Penelope Wriotheslay  1598-1667 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Henry Howard m.1663 | Elizabeth Spencer 1618-1672 |  Henry Moore, 1st Earl of Drogheda 1628-1675 | Alice Spencer 1625-1675 | William Spencer of Ashton 1625-1688 | Elizabeth Gerard | Margaret Spencer 1627-1693 |  Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury  1621-1683 | Robert Spencer, visconte Teviot 1629-1694 | Jane Spencer of Yarnton 1657-1689 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland  1620-1643 |  Dorothy Sidney  1617-1684 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax  1633-1695 | Dorothy Spencer  1640-1670 | Penelope Spencer 1644-1645 | Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland  1641-1702 |  Anne Digby  1646-1715 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robert Spencer 1666-1688 | Anne Spencer 1667-1690 |  James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton  1658-1712 | Isabella Spencer 1668-1684 | Elizabeth Spencer 1671-1704 |  Donough MacCarthy, IV Earl of Clancarty 1668-1734 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Anne Churchill  1683-1716 | Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland  1675-1722 |  Arabella Cavendish 1673-1698 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Judith Tichborne 1702-1749 | Frances Spencer 1696-1742 |  Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle 1694-1758 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robert Spencer, 4th Earl of Sunderland 1701-1729 | Anne Spencer 1702-1769 |  William Bateman, I visconte Bateman  1695-1744 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough  1706-1758 | John Spencer  1708-1746 |  John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford  1710-1771 | Diana Spencer  1710-1735 | NN 1718-1718 | NN 1719-1719 | William Spencer 1720-1722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spencer-Churchill Dukes of Marlborough | Earls Spencer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assumed Arms
The family is descended in the male line from Henry Spencer (died c. 1478). In the 16th century they claimed that Henry was a descendant of the cadet branch of the ancient House Le Despencer. The descent of the family from the Medieval Despencers has been debunked, especially by J. Horace Round in his essay The Rise of the Spencers. The Spencers were granted a coat of arms in 1504, "Azure a fess Ermine between 6 sea-mews’ heads erased Argent" which bears no resemblance to that used by the family after c. 1595, which was derived from the Despencer arms, "Quarterly Argent and Gules in the second and third quarters a Fret Or overall on a Bend Sable three Escallops of the first" (the scallops standing for the difference as a cadet branch). Round argued that the Despencer descent was fabricated by Richard Lee, a corrupt Clarencieux King of Arms.[2] Citing Round, The Complete Peerage dismissed the alleged Despencer descent as an "elaborate imposture" which "is now incapable of deceiving the most credulous."[3] [4] [5]
Original coat of arms granted to the Spencer family 1504.
The (De)Spencer arms, adopted after c. 1595
Arms of the Spencer Family
Their ancestor was one Richard Ladde, grandfather of the Lord Chief Justice Sir Edward, who changed his name to Montagu in about 1447. His descendants claimed a connection with the older house of Montagu or Montacute, Barons Montagu or Montacute and Earls of Salisbury, but there is no sound evidence that the two families were related. A case has been made out for the possibility that the Ladde alias came from a division among coheirs about 1420 of the remaining small inheritance of a line of Montagus at Spratton and Little Creton, also in Northamptonshire (Sources:English Genealogy, Anthony Wagner).[6]
Montagu Arms Unquartered of Barons Montagu/Montacute
Monthermar arms, "Or, an eagle displayed vert beaked and membered gules."
Arms of Montague/Montacute, Earls of Salisbury
Arms of Montagu, dukes of Manchester, dukes of Montagu, and earls of Sandwich and Halifax, claiming to be cadets of the medieval Montagus.
Arms of Montagu Family
The heraldic blazon for the coat of arms of the Russell dukedom is: Argent, a lion rampant gules; on a chief sable, three escallops of the first.
The arms show a claim to be descended from the medieval lord Hugh de Rozel, which has been debunked, especially by J. Horace Round in his essay "The Rozels of Bedford". [7] [8] The family tree on the website of Woburn Abbey only refers to the descent from the provable Stephen Russell in 1394.[9]
The chief from these arms is present in the arms of the modern coat of arms of the London Borough of Camden, because the dukes of Bedford used to own land in the present borough.
arms of John Russell of Kingston Russell, ca 1200
.svg)
Bertrand Arms 13th Century
with a chief sable, the arms assigned by the heralds to the mythical Hugh de Rosel ca. 1066
Arms of the Duke of Bedford
Supposed lineage of Russell Arms
- ^ http://genealogy.euweb.cz/brit/spencer1.html#E
- ^ Round, pp. 292–309
- ^ The Complete Peerage, vol. 4, p. 259. See also the Nov. 1902 edition of The Ancestor Quarterly, which described the Spencers as "that pushful house of shepherd kings" with a "brand new and more than doubtful pedigree." Sounding a more gentle tone, Don Steel in the March 1996 edition of Soul Search noted sadly that the pedigree forgery "obscures the real achievement of the Spencers of Althorpe. Alone, perhaps among the English nobility, the Spencers owed their riches and their rise not to the favour of a king or to the spoils of monasteries, nor even to a fortune made in trade, but to successful farming."
- ^ Round, J. Horace (1901). "The Spencers and The Despencers". The Baronage. The Baronage Press Ltd and Pegasus Associates Ltd. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
So it was Clarencieux King of Arms who foisted this pedigree on Sir John Spencer in 1595. The family had, by that time, largely increased its wealth, for Sir John's mother was a daughter of the well-known Sir Thomas Kytson, who had acquired a great fortune as a mercer in London. Lee, to whom Queen Elizabeth said that "if he proved no better" than his predecessor Cooke, Clarencieux, "yt made no matter yf hee were hanged," must have felt that it was Sir John's duty to "pay, pay, pay" for a new pedigree and coat. For a hungry King of Arms he was a marked man. Now we can understand how it was that the monument erected in or after 1596 displays the Despencer coat, while those already existing in the interesting Spencer chapel became bedecked, right and left, with the fruits of Lee's discovery. When the heralds next visited the county (1617-8), the new baronial pedigree was entered in all its splendour. The shepherd peer was now of the stock of "ye Earles of Winchester and Glocester." A year later he had soared higher; he was in direct male descent from "Ivon Viscount de Constantine," who had married, even before the Conquest, a sister of the "earl of Brittany." And now let me once more insist on the modus operandi of Clarencieux Lee, the original rascal and the "onlie begetter" of this precious pedigree. He took from the records Spencers and Despencers wherever he could lay hands on them, fitted them together in one pedigree at his own sweet will, rammed into his composition several distinct families, and then boldly certified the whole as gospel truth. It is needless, after this exposure, to pursue further. We are, once more, simply dealing with one of those lying concoctions hatched within the walls of the Heralds' College, certified by its Kings of Arms, and still "on record" among its archives. This, be it observed, is no case of a tradition rashly or credulously accepted. Clarencieux compiled the pedigree, as he said he had done, from records; but, with these records before him, he deliberately and fraudulently invented a descent which their evidence proves to be false. He knew, therefore, perfectly well that what he officially certified to be true was a lie of his own invention. Recorded by Vincent at the Visitation of 1617, accepted by Garter Segar, certified by Garter Heard: even in the present century, this impudent concoction is an instance of what we owe to the College of Arms. The pedigrees with which it is hardest to deal are those in which fact and fiction are cunningly intertwined. Here, for instance, it is perfectly true that John le Despencer married Joan, daughter (and heiress) of Robert le Lou (Lupus), who brought him the manor of Castle-Carlton, Lincolnshire. This we learn from the Lincolnshire Inquest taken after his death, which proves that Joan died without surviving issue, and that John held the manor, by the courtesy of England, until his death. John himself had inherited the manor of Martley, Worcestershire, which had been granted to his father by Henry III. The heralds must have seen the difficulty caused by its not descending to his alleged sons, but being, on the contrary, afterwards found in the hands of the Hugh Despencers. For they "doctored" the pedigree accordingly. But their real crime was providing John with a wholly fictitious second wife, in order to make him the father of men with whom he had nothing to do.
- ^ Round, J. Horace (1901). "The Spencer Family". The Baronage. The Baronage Press Ltd and Pegasus Associates Ltd. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
In 1504, John Spencer, an innovative and entrepreneurial yeoman, considered himself sufficiently successful to justify petitioning for a grant of arms. He was awarded Azure a fess Ermine between 6 sea-mews' heads erased Argent and could thenceforward be accounted a gentleman. (He was subsequently knighted by Henry VIII. ) At this time English society was still restructuring itself after the turmoil of the Wars of the Roses, and the gentry and the peerage were being restocked with new families seeking gentility. If at this time, 1504, John Spencer had any thought that he might be descended from the great mediaeval family of the Despencers, if there had been any legend among his kinsmen that this could be so, if there had been any chance that the suggestion would be taken seriously by the heralds, then he must have asked for arms similar to those of the Despencers and a note of his request and of its grounds would have been made in the records. As it was, the arms he was awarded could hardly be more dissimilar from those of the Despencers (here on the right), and there is no note. The arms granted in 1504 were used at least as late as 1576, and probably remained so in use until 1595, the year Richard Lee, Clarenceux King of Arms, visited the Spencer seat at Althorpe and "discovered" the family's descent as cadets of the great Despencers. The consequences of this visit included a monument to the memory of his host's father being erected with the ancient Despencer arms (with the addition of three escallops in bend) displayed instead of the Spencer arms, and an earlier monument to the 1504 grantee, the first Sir John Spencer, having the 1504 Spencer arms removed and replaced with the Despencer arms. This rewrote history.
- ^ Wagner, Anthony (1960). English Genealogy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780712667241.
The explanation of a fifteenth century yeoman's Norman name might sometimes be female descent from a knightly house through a coheir. The Montagus of Boughton, Northhamptonshire, who acquired a barony in 1621, an earldom in 1689, the dukedom of Montagu in 1705, and in their younger branches the earldom of Manchester in 1626, the dukedom of Manchester in 1719, and the earldom of Sandwich in 1660, descended from Richard Montagu alias Ladde, a yeoman or husbandman, living in 1471 at Hanging Houghton, Northamptonshire, where the Laddes had been tenants since the fourteenth century. Alias names, in some respect the forerunners of modern compound (or double-barreled) name, were common in the Middle Ages. In the earliest times, when surnames were new, an alias may just mean indecision between equally attractive alternatives. Later they sometimes indicate bastardy (one name perhaps being the father's and one the mother's), but in most cases probably mark inheritance through an heiress whose name was thus perpetuated. A good case has been made out for the possibility that the Ladde alias came from a division among coheirs about 1420 of the remaining small inheritance of a line of Montagus at Spratton and Little Creton, also in Northamptonshire. This line was of knightly origin and probably a branch of the baronial Montagus (Earls of Salisbury from 1337), whose almost certain ancestor Dru de Montagud was a tenant-in-chief in 1086. Other yeoman Montagus are found in Buckinghamshire from 1354 when Roger Montagu appears as a witness to a quitclaim of land in Great Kimble, notably in Halton where a family of Montagu alias Elot held land from about 1440 to 1610. A line of Montagus found in Waddesdon from about 1540 may have branched from these. These in the eighteenth century were shepherds and drovers and one set up in Aylesbury as a wheelwright and another as a tailor. Another line, also possibly branched from Halton, is found at Boveney and Dorney in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This produced Richard Montagu, Bishop of Chichester (1628-38) and Norwich (1638-41), and Peter Montagu, who settled in Virginia.
- ^ Round, pp. 292–309
- ^ Round, J. Horace (1999). "The Rozels of Bedford". The Baronage. The Baronage Press Ltd and Pegasus Associates Ltd. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ "Family Tree of the Russells". The Woburn Estate. Woburn Enterprises. 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2017.