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Xennials

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Social generations of the Western world

Xennials are the micro-generation of people on the cusp of the Generation X and Millennial demographic cohorts.

Many researchers and popular media use birth years from 1977 to 1983,[1] though some extend this further in either direction.[2][3] Xennials are described as having had an analog childhood and a digital young adulthood. Xennials are almost exclusively the children of baby boomers and came of age during a rapidly changing period that was the 1990s.

In 2020, Xennial was added to the Oxford Dictionary of English. It was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2021:[4]

Xennial, n. and adj.: "A person born between the late 1970s and early 1980s, after (or towards the end of) Generation X and before (or at the beginning of) the millennial generation, and typically regarded as exhibiting characteristics of both of these generations"

Terminology and birth year definitions

Xennials is a portmanteau blending the words Generation X and Millennials to describe a "micro-generation"[5][6] or "cross-over generation"[7] of people whose birth years are between the mid-late 1970s and the early-mid 1980s.[8][9][10][11][12]

Xennials was coined by writer Sarah Stankorb,[1] and discussed in a two-part, September 2014 article in GOOD magazine[11] written by Stankorb, a freelance writer, and then-GOOD Magazine staff writer Jed Oelbaum.[13] Good magazine has described Xennials as "a micro-generation that serves as a bridge between the disaffection of Gen X and the blithe optimism of Millennials." Dan Woodman, an Australian sociologist, was miscredited by the Australian media with inventing it, but clarified he did not in fact coin the term.[14] Jed Oelbaum credits Sarah Stankorb with the term.[15] The earliest traced usage comes from the 2014 Good article, which Stankorb pitched including the term Xennial.[13] In 2017, Xennial was included in Merriam-Webster's "Words We're Watching" section, which discusses new words which are increasingly being used, but which do not yet meet criteria for a dictionary entry. Merriam-Webster Dictionary credited Stankorb with coining the term.[1] In 2020, xennial was included in the Oxford Dictionary of English. The definition given is "a member of an age group born after Generation X and before the millennial generation (specifically in the late 1970s and early 1980s)".[16] Xennials received additional attention in June 2017 following a viral Facebook post by Mashable.[17]

In 2017, The Guardian noted, "In internet folklore, xennials are those born between 1977 and 1983, the release years of the original three Star Wars films."[14] In 2018, Business Insider described Xennials as people who don't feel like a Generation Xer or a Millennial, using birth dates between 1977 and 1985.[18][19]

Other terms, such as the Star Wars Generation, the Oregon Trail Generation[20] and Generation Catalano[21] have been proposed. Doree Shafrir, writing for Slate magazine, chose "Generation Catalano" for its reference to the character Jordan Catalano, played by Jared Leto (born 1971), from the 1994–95 teen drama My So-Called Life. She defined "Generation Catalano" as those born from 1977 to 1981, the timeframe of Jimmy Carter's presidency.[21]

Characteristics and traits

Many people who were born during the cusp years of Generation X and the Millennials do not fit the mold of those generations but rather share the characteristics of both.[21][22][23]

The Generation X and Millennial demographic cohorts have been studied concerning generational differences in the workplace.[24] Researchers out of Eindhoven University of Technology found that not every person that belongs to a major generation will share all the same characteristics that are representative for that generation. People that are born on the cusp of a birth cohort may have overlapping characteristics that are related to both. This concept is called "generational fuzziness", and can lead to the formation of a "microgeneration".[25] Researcher Melissa Kempf Taylor of the University of Louisville has written that the current microgeneration in the workforce is the Xennial generation, who have their own collective personality. "In generational theory, a cusp is the group of individuals who fall into the overlap between two generations. [...] This overlap creates a cusp generation" which bridges the divide between "major generations".[26]

In 2004 Cynthia Cheng wrote a piece for the Toronto Star entitled "My So-Called Generation", where she referred to the cohort as "Bridges".[27]

Marleen Stollen and Gisela Wolf of Business Insider Germany wrote that Xennials "had to bridge the divide between an analog childhood and digital adulthood",[18] while Australian researchers Andrew Fluck and Tony Dowden characterized the generation's pre-service teachers as "straddl[ing] the two worlds of the ballpoint pen and the computer mouse." Fluck and Dowden also described Xennials as the youngest digital immigrants since, unlike students of later generations, most Xennials had relatively little, if any, exposure to digital ICT as part of their schooling.[28] As working adults, however, Xennials tend to be relatively comfortable using digital technology compared to digital-immigrant workers of earlier generations.[29]

Cassie McClure, writing for Las Cruces Sun-News, described those in the Oregon Trail Generation as "remembering a time before the digital age, but barely".[30] Anna Garvey has described these individuals as having "both a healthy portion of Gen X grunge cynicism, and a dash of the unbridled optimism of Millennials", and discusses their relationship with both analog and digital technology.[31] Sheknows.com has described individuals born in the late 1970s and early 1980s as sharing traits with both Generation X and Millennials.[32]

Anna Garvey characterized US members of this group as having had an "AOL adolescence" and as being from "the last gasp of a time before sexting, Facebook shaming, and constant communication".[31] Dustin Monke of The Dickinson Press described those born in the early 1980s as having early adulthoods which were impacted by the events of the September 11 attacks and the Iraq War.[33] Sarah Stankorb has also pointed out that most Xennials were already on the job market when the Great Recession hit.[13]

"There are common experiences," explains Almudena Moreno, sociologist at the University of Valladolid and co-author of the Youth Report in Spain 2012, "and one of the differences between generations can be access to technological instruments, which provide a common living context." This context also influences how we relate to others.[34] According to Australian sociologist Dan Woodman, "[t]he theory goes that the Xennials dated, and often formed ongoing relationships, pre-social media. They usually weren't on Tinder or Grindr, for their first go at dating at least. They called up their friends and the person they wanted to ask out on a landline phone, hoping that it wasn't their intended date's parent who picked up."[7] Woodman has referred to Xennials as a "cross-over generation" crediting this concept to journalists writing about individuals born during the cusp years, saying that this idea sounds plausible with respect to generations because "the divisions we use aren’t particularly robust. They tend to be imported from North America without much thought, built arbitrarily around the Boomers, and capture changes that often don’t have clear inflection points, so dates can vary."[5] However, he warns that an entire cohort of people will not have one set of characteristics or experiences.[5] Woodman also says: "Clearly the idea resonates with a lot of people who felt left out by the usual categorizations."[7] This does not mean that these terms have no value. As Woodman explains, paraphrasing philosopher José Ortega y Gasset, "we are formed by the time in which we live", especially by the experiences of our youth, "which determine our lives and can create new political movements".[34]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Words We're Watching: 'Xennial' Talkin' 'bout whose generation?". Merriam-Webster. 7 November 2017. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  2. ^ Russell, Dan (23 August 2022). Snake Oil: Genuine Marketing in an Age of Cure-Alls. Morgan James. ISBN 978-1-63195-832-8.
  3. ^ Stollen, Marleen (8 November 2017). "Between Generation X and the Millennials: There is a term for people born in the early 80s". The Independent.
  4. ^ "Updates to the OED New words list December 2021". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. December 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Curtis, Rachel (22 June 2017). "If you were born between 1977 and 1983, there's a new name for you". Mamamia. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  6. ^ Chase, Ashley Krenelka (2018). "Upending the Double Life of Law Schools: Millennials in the Legal Academy". University of Dayton Law Review. 44: 1. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3167442.
  7. ^ a b c Woodman, Dan (12 July 2017). "From Boomers to Xennials: we love talking about our generations, but must recognise their limits". The Conversation. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  8. ^ Shafrir, Doree (24 October 2011). "Generation Catalano". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  9. ^ Ubl, Hannah L.; Walden, Lisa X.; Arbit, Debra (6 April 2017). Managing Millennials For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-119-31023-5.
  10. ^ Wertz, Jia. "Analog and Digital: Xennials Present A Unique Opportunity For Marketers". Forbes. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  11. ^ a b Stankorb, Sarah; Oelbaum, Jed (25 September 2014). "Reasonable People Disagree about the Post-Gen X, Pre-Millennial Generation". Good Magazine. Good Worldwide. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  12. ^ Dietsche, Lucas (21 March 2017). Since We Left the Oregon Trail:: Poems for the Xennial Generation. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1544845494.
  13. ^ a b c "I Made Up Xennial 3 Years Ago, So Why Is a Professor in Australia Getting All the Credit?". Vogue. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  14. ^ a b "Are you a xennial? Take the quiz". The Guardian. London. 26 June 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  15. ^ O, Jed [@jedoelbaum] (27 June 2017). "Thanks for the cite! That was a fun piece. @sarahstankorb deserves credit for the term" (Tweet). Retrieved 27 July 2017 – via Twitter.
  16. ^ "Xennial". Lexico. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  17. ^ Vitto, Laura (30 June 2017). "Hey 30-somethings, you're a Xennial". Mashable. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  18. ^ a b Stollen, Marleen (10 January 2018). "There's a term for people born in the early 80's who don't feel like a millennial or Gen Xer". Business Insider. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
  19. ^ Lebowitz, Shana (10 March 2018). "There's a term for people born in the early 80s who don't feel like a millennial or a Gen X-er – here's everything we know". Business Insider. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  20. ^ Garvey, Anna (21 May 2015). "Oregon Trail Generation". Mashable. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  21. ^ a b c Shafrir, Doree (24 October 2011). "Generation Catalano". Slate. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  22. ^ LaFrance, Adrienne (3 February 2016). "How Generations Get Their Names". The Atlantic. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  23. ^ Kendzior, Sarah (30 June 2016). "The myth of millennial entitlement was created to hide their parents' mistakes". Quartz. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  24. ^ Lyons, Sean; Kuron, Lisa (17 December 2013). "Generational differences in the workplace: A review of the evidence and directions for future research". Journal of Organizational Behavior. 35: S139–S157. doi:10.1002/job.1913.
  25. ^ Appel-Meulenbroek, H.A.J.A.; Vosters, S.M.C. (2019). "Workplace needs and their support; are millennials different from other generations?" (PDF). Twenty Fifth Annual Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference. Melbourne. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  26. ^ Taylor, Melissa Kempf (2018). "Xennials: a microgeneration in the workplace". Industrial and Commercial Training. 50 (3): 136–147. doi:10.1108/ICT-08-2017-0065.
  27. ^ The article is no longer available directly from the Toronto Star website, but can be found on a So-Called Life forum and on her Instagram account.
  28. ^ Fluck, A.; Dowden, T. (2013). "On the cusp of change: examining pre-service teachers' beliefs about ICT and envisioning the digital classroom of the future". Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 29 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00464.x. ISSN 0266-4909.
  29. ^ Mayo Clinic Staff (6 July 2005). "Workplace generation gap: Understand differences among colleagues". Archived from the original on 16 March 2007.
  30. ^ McClure, Cassie (20 May 2016). "My So-Called Millennial Life: Old West pioneers of digital age". Las Cruces Sun-News. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  31. ^ a b Garvey, Anna (21 April 2015). "The Oregon Trail Generation: Life Before And After Mainstream Tech". Social Media Week. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  32. ^ Fogarty, Lisa (7 January 2016). "13 Signs you're stuck between Gen X & millennials". SheKnows. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  33. ^ Monke, Dustin (31 May 2015). "Monke: A generation stuck in transition". The Dickinson Press. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  34. ^ a b Hancock, Jaimie Rubio (28 June 2017). "¿Naciste entre 1977 y 1983? Pues ni Generación X ni 'millennial', eres un 'xennial'". El Pais (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 24 January 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2019. 'Hay vivencias comunes', explica a Verne Almudena Moreno, socióloga de la Universidad de Valladolid y coautora del Informe de la Juventud en España 2012, 'y una de las diferencias entre generaciones puede ser el acceso a los instrumentos tecnológicos, que proporcionan un contexto vivencial común'. Este contexto también influye en cómo nos relacionamos con los demás. [...] Esto no quiere decir que estos términos no tengan ningún valor. Como explica Woodman, parafraseando a José Ortega y Gasset, 'estamos formados por el tiempo en el que vivimos', especialmente por las experiencias de nuestra juventud, 'que determinan nuestras vidas y pueden crear nuevos movimientos políticos'.
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