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2020–21 Bundesliga

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Bundesliga
Season2020–21
Dates18 September 2020 – 22 May 2021
ChampionsBayern Munich
30th Bundesliga title
31st German title
RelegatedWerder Bremen
Schalke 04
Champions LeagueBayern Munich
RB Leipzig
Borussia Dortmund
VfL Wolfsburg
Europa LeagueEintracht Frankfurt
Bayer Leverkusen
Europa Conference LeagueUnion Berlin
Matches played306
Goals scored928 (3.03 per match)
Top goalscorerRobert Lewandowski
(41 goals)
Biggest home winMunich 8–0 Schalke
Biggest away winDortmund 1–5 Stuttgart
Köln 0–4 Leverkusen
Schalke 0–4 Munich
Bielefeld 1–5 Frankfurt
Schalke 0–4 Dortmund
Highest scoringMunich 8–0 Schalke
Wolfsburg 5–3 Bremen
Longest winning run7 games
Dortmund
Longest unbeaten run12 games
Leverkusen
Munich
Longest winless run14 games
Schalke
Longest losing run7 games
Bielefeld
Bremen
Attendance160,321 (524 per match)[A]

The 2020–21 Bundesliga was the 58th season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier football competition. It began on 18 September 2020 and concluded on 22 May 2021.[1] The season was originally scheduled to begin on 21 August 2020 and conclude on 15 May 2021,[2] though this was delayed due to postponement of the previous season as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The fixtures were announced on 7 August 2020.[3]

Bayern Munich were the defending champions and successfully defended their title, winning their record-extending 9th consecutive title and 31st title overall (30th in the Bundesliga era) on 8 May with three games to spare.[4] By winning their thirtieth Bundesliga title, Bayern Munich are honoured with a fifth gold star on their team badges and shirts.[5]

Bayern's Robert Lewandowski set a new record for goals scored in a season with 41, surpassing the previous record of 40 goals set by Gerd Müller in 1971–72.[6]

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

[edit]

On 3 September 2020, the DFL General Assembly voted to extend the use of five substitutions in matches to the 2020–21 season, which was implemented at the end of the previous season to lessen the impact of fixture congestion caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.[7] The use of five substitutes, based on the decision of competition organisers, had been extended by IFAB until 2021.[8] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the season began with matches behind closed doors or at reduced capacity due to restrictions across German states. Leipzig allowed up to 8,500 spectators to begin the season, while regulations in Berlin allowed for up to 5,000 supporters.[9]

Summary

[edit]

Bayern Munich began the season less than a month after defeating Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League final, as the match had been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In their first game, they beat Schalke 04 8–0, and were the dominant side early on in the season. After a 3–2 away victory over title contenders Borussia Dortmund in November, many pundits praised Bayern as the best team in Europe.[10][11][12][13] This praise continued all season long, with former Bayern manager Pep Guardiola proclaiming them the best club in Europe in March.[14] Bayern mathematically confirmed their ninth consecutive Bundesliga title on 8 May 2021 with three matches to spare, following closest contender RB Leipzig's 2–3 loss to Dortmund.[15] The title was Bayern's 30th Bundesliga and 31st German championship overall, which would see them add a fifth star to their badge in the following season.[16]

Meanwhile, Schalke 04 endured a disaster season, failing to win a game in nine consecutive months dating back to the previous season, before defeating a fourth-tier club in the German Cup.[17] They failed to win thirty Bundesliga matches in a row, falling one short of the all-time record set by Tasmania Berlin in 1965–66, before a 4–0 win against 1899 Hoffenheim in January.[18] Schalke had announced before the season that they had debts of over 200 million, which led them to slash spending.[19] The poor results led to departures for executives and managers.[20] Former Schalke star Klaas-Jan Huntelaar returned to Schalke from Ajax in January in an attempt to stave off relegation, but he was unable to prevent Schalke from being relegated for the first time in over thirty years.[21][22]

A hot start to the season for Robert Lewandowski led to early talk that he could break Gerd Müller's 49-year-old record of 40 goals scored in one Bundesliga season, with teammate Thomas Müller suggesting it could happen back in October.[23] Lewandowski capped off a successful year in December by winning his first FIFA Men's Player of the Year award.[24] As Lewandowski continued his strong performances, interest in him overtaking Müller's record grew from various media outlets.[25] However, a knee injury suffered whilst on international duty on 31 March threatened Lewandowski's record-chase and kept him out of action for a month.[26] Lewandowski returned to action in April, just five goals away from equalling the single-season goal record.[27] On 15 May 2021, Lewandowski scored his 40th goal of the season against SC Freiburg with one match to spare, therefore equalling Gerd Müller's record tally from 1971–72.[28] In the last match of the season the following week, Lewandowski scored his 41st league goal in the final minute of the match against FC Augsburg to break Müller's record.[6]

Teams

[edit]

A total of 18 teams participated in the 2020–21 edition of the Bundesliga.

Team changes

[edit]
Promoted from
2019–20 2. Bundesliga
Relegated from
2019–20 Bundesliga
Arminia Bielefeld
VfB Stuttgart
Fortuna Düsseldorf
SC Paderborn

Stadiums and locations

[edit]
Team Location Stadium Capacity Ref.
FC Augsburg Augsburg WWK Arena 30,660 [29]
Hertha BSC Berlin Olympiastadion 74,649 [30]
Union Berlin Stadion An der Alten Försterei 22,012 [31]
Arminia Bielefeld Bielefeld Schüco-Arena 27,300 [32]
Werder Bremen Bremen Wohninvest Weserstadion 42,100 [33]
Borussia Dortmund Dortmund Signal Iduna Park 81,365 [34]
Eintracht Frankfurt Frankfurt Deutsche Bank Park 51,500 [35]
SC Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Schwarzwald-Stadion 24,000 [36]
1899 Hoffenheim Sinsheim PreZero Arena 30,150 [37]
1. FC Köln Cologne RheinEnergieStadion 49,698 [38]
RB Leipzig Leipzig Red Bull Arena 42,558 [39]
Bayer Leverkusen Leverkusen BayArena 30,210 [40]
Mainz 05 Mainz Opel Arena 34,000 [41]
Borussia Mönchengladbach Mönchengladbach Borussia-Park 54,057 [42]
Bayern Munich Munich Allianz Arena 75,000 [43]
Schalke 04 Gelsenkirchen Veltins-Arena 62,271 [44]
VfB Stuttgart Stuttgart Mercedes-Benz Arena 60,449 [45]
VfL Wolfsburg Wolfsburg Volkswagen Arena 30,000 [46]

Personnel and kits

[edit]
Team Manager Captain Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor
Front Sleeve
FC Augsburg Germany Markus Weinzierl Netherlands Jeffrey Gouweleeuw Nike WWK Siegmund
Hertha BSC Hungary Pál Dárdai Belgium Dedryck Boyata Nike Homeday[47] Hyundai
Union Berlin Switzerland Urs Fischer Austria Christopher Trimmel Adidas Aroundtown wefox
Arminia Bielefeld Germany Frank Kramer Germany Fabian Klos Macron Schüco JAB Anstoetz Textilien
Werder Bremen Germany Thomas Schaaf Finland Niklas Moisander Umbro Wiesenhof 188bet
Borussia Dortmund Germany Edin Terzić (interim) Germany Marco Reus Puma 1&1/Evonik (in cup and UEFA matches) Opel
Eintracht Frankfurt Austria Adi Hütter Japan Makoto Hasebe Nike Indeed.com dpd
SC Freiburg Germany Christian Streich Germany Christian Günter Hummel Schwarzwaldmilch ROSE Bikes
1899 Hoffenheim Germany Sebastian Hoeneß Germany Benjamin Hübner Joma SAP SNP
1. FC Köln Germany Friedhelm Funkel Germany Jonas Hector Uhlsport REWE DEVK
RB Leipzig Germany Julian Nagelsmann Austria Marcel Sabitzer Nike Red Bull CG Immobilien
Bayer Leverkusen Germany Hannes Wolf (interim) Chile Charles Aránguiz Jako Barmenia Versicherungen Kieser Training
Mainz 05 Denmark Bo Svensson Germany Danny Latza Kappa Kömmerling fb88.com
Borussia Mönchengladbach Germany Marco Rose Germany Lars Stindl Puma flatex/DEGIRO (in UEFA matches) Sonepar
Bayern Munich Germany Hansi Flick Germany Manuel Neuer Adidas Deutsche Telekom Qatar Airways
Schalke 04 Greece Dimitris Grammozis Bosnia and Herzegovina Sead Kolašinac Umbro Gazprom Harfid
VfB Stuttgart United States Pellegrino Matarazzo Germany Gonzalo Castro Jako Mercedes-Benz Bank Mercedes-EQ
VfL Wolfsburg Austria Oliver Glasner France Josuha Guilavogui Nike Volkswagen Linglong Tire

Managerial changes

[edit]
Team Outgoing Manner Exit date Position in table Incoming Incoming date Ref.
Announced on Departed on Announced on Arrived on
1899 Hoffenheim Germany Matthias Kaltenbach [de]
Germany Marcel Rapp
Germany Kai Herdling (interim)
End of caretaker spell 9 June 2020 30 June 2020 Pre-season Germany Sebastian Hoeneß 27 July 2020 [48][49][50]
Schalke 04 United States David Wagner Sacked 27 September 2020 18th Germany Manuel Baum 30 September 2020 [51][52]
Mainz 05 Germany Achim Beierlorzer 28 September 2020 17th Germany Jan-Moritz Lichte (interim) 28 September 2020 [53]
Borussia Dortmund Switzerland Lucien Favre 13 December 2020 5th Germany Edin Terzić (interim) 13 December 2020 [54]
Schalke 04 Germany Manuel Baum 18 December 2020 18th Netherlands Huub Stevens (interim) 18 December 2020 [55]
Netherlands Huub Stevens (interim) End of caretaker spell 22 December 2020 Switzerland Christian Gross 27 December 2020 [56]
Mainz 05 Germany Jan-Moritz Lichte (interim) Sacked 28 December 2020 17th Germany Jan Siewert (interim) 28 December 2020 [57]
Germany Jan Siewert (interim) End of caretaker spell 4 January 2021 Denmark Bo Svensson 4 January 2021 [58]
Hertha BSC Germany Bruno Labbadia Sacked 24 January 2021 13th Hungary Pál Dárdai 25 January 2021 [59][60]
Schalke 04 Switzerland Christian Gross 28 February 2021 18th Greece Dimitris Grammozis 2 March 2021 [61][62]
Arminia Bielefeld Germany Uwe Neuhaus 1 March 2021 16th Germany Frank Kramer 2 March 2021 [63][64]
Bayer Leverkusen Netherlands Peter Bosz 23 March 2021 6th Germany Hannes Wolf (interim) 23 March 2021 [65]
1. FC Köln Germany Markus Gisdol 11 April 2021 17th Germany Friedhelm Funkel 12 April 2021 [66][67]
FC Augsburg Germany Heiko Herrlich 26 April 2021 13th Germany Markus Weinzierl 26 April 2021 [68]
Werder Bremen Germany Florian Kohfeldt 16 May 2021 16th Germany Thomas Schaaf (interim) 16 May 2021 [69]

League table

[edit]
Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
1 Bayern Munich (C) 34 24 6 4 99 44 +55 78 Qualification for the Champions League group stage
2 RB Leipzig 34 19 8 7 60 32 +28 65
3 Borussia Dortmund 34 20 4 10 75 46 +29 64
4 VfL Wolfsburg 34 17 10 7 61 37 +24 61
5 Eintracht Frankfurt 34 16 12 6 69 53 +16 60 Qualification for the Europa League group stage[a]
6 Bayer Leverkusen 34 14 10 10 53 39 +14 52
7 Union Berlin 34 12 14 8 50 43 +7 50 Qualification for the Europa Conference League play-off round[a]
8 Borussia Mönchengladbach 34 13 10 11 64 56 +8 49
9 VfB Stuttgart 34 12 9 13 56 55 +1 45
10 SC Freiburg 34 12 9 13 52 52 0 45
11 1899 Hoffenheim 34 11 10 13 52 54 −2 43
12 Mainz 05 34 10 9 15 39 56 −17 39
13 FC Augsburg 34 10 6 18 36 54 −18 36
14 Hertha BSC 34 8 11 15 41 52 −11 35
15 Arminia Bielefeld 34 9 8 17 26 52 −26 35
16 1. FC Köln (O) 34 8 9 17 34 60 −26 33 Qualification for the relegation play-offs
17 Werder Bremen (R) 34 7 10 17 36 57 −21 31 Relegation to 2. Bundesliga
18 Schalke 04 (R) 34 3 7 24 25 86 −61 16
Source: DFB
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results; 5) Head-to-head away goals scored; 6) Away goals scored; 7) Play-off.[70]
(C) Champions; (O) Play-off winners; (R) Relegated
Notes:
  1. ^ a b Since the winners of the 2020–21 DFB-Pokal, Borussia Dortmund, qualified for the Champions League based on league position, the Europa League group stage spot was passed to the sixth-placed team, and the Europa Conference League play-off round spot was passed to the seventh-placed team.

Results

[edit]
Home \ Away AUG BSC UNB BIE BRE DOR FRA FRE HOF KÖL LEI LEV MAI MÖN MUN SCH STU WOL
FC Augsburg 0–3 2–1 0–0 2–0 2–0 0–2 1–1 2–1 2–3 0–2 1–1 3–1 3–1 0–1 2–2 1–4 0–2
Hertha BSC 2–1 3–1 0–0 1–4 2–5 1–3 3–0 0–3 0–0 0–3 3–0 0–0 2–2 0–1 3–0 0–2 1–1
Union Berlin 1–3 1–1 5–0 3–1 2–1 3–3 1–1 1–1 2–1 2–1 1–0 4–0 1–1 1–1 0–0 2–1 2–2
Arminia Bielefeld 0–1 1–0 0–0 0–2 0–2 1–5 1–0 1–1 1–0 0–1 1–2 2–1 0–1 1–4 1–0 3–0 0–3
Werder Bremen 2–0 1–4 0–2 1–0 1–2 2–1 0–0 1–1 1–1 1–4 0–0 0–1 2–4 1–3 1–1 1–2 1–2
Borussia Dortmund 3–1 2–0 2–0 3–0 4–1 1–2 4–0 2–2 1–2 3–2 3–1 1–1 3–0 2–3 3–0 1–5 2–0
Eintracht Frankfurt 2–0 3–1 5–2 1–1 1–1 1–1 3–1 2–1 2–0 1–1 2–1 1–1 3–3 2–1 3–1 1–1 4–3
SC Freiburg 2–0 4–1 0–1 2–0 1–1 2–1 2–2 1–1 5–0 0–3 2–4 1–3 2–2 2–2 4–0 2–1 1–1
1899 Hoffenheim 3–1 2–1 1–3 0–0 4–0 0–1 1–3 1–3 3–0 0–1 0–0 1–2 3–2 4–1 4–2 3–3 2–1
1. FC Köln 0–1 0–0 1–2 3–1 1–1 2–2 1–1 1–4 2–3 2–1 0–4 2–3 1–3 1–2 1–0 0–1 2–2
RB Leipzig 2–1 2–1 1–0 2–1 2–0 1–3 1–1 3–0 0–0 0–0 1–0 3–1 3–2 0–1 4–0 2–0 2–2
Bayer Leverkusen 3–1 0–0 1–1 1–2 1–1 2–1 3–1 1–2 4–1 3–0 1–1 2–2 4–3 1–2 2–1 5–2 0–1
Mainz 05 0–1 1–1 1–0 1–1 0–1 1–3 0–2 1–0 1–1 0–1 3–2 0–1 2–3 2–1 2–2 1–4 0–2
Borussia Mönchengladbach 1–1 1–1 1–1 5–0 1–0 4–2 4–0 2–1 1–2 1–2 1–0 0–1 1–2 3–2 4–1 1–2 1–1
Bayern Munich 5–2 4–3 1–1 3–3 1–1 4–2 5–0 2–1 4–1 5–1 3–3 2–0 5–2 6–0 8–0 4–0 2–1
Schalke 04 1–0 1–2 1–1 0–1 1–3 0–4 4–3 0–2 4–0 1–2 0–3 0–3 0–0 0–3 0–4 1–1 0–2
VfB Stuttgart 2–1 1–1 2–2 0–2 1–0 2–3 2–2 2–3 2–0 1–1 0–1 1–1 2–0 2–2 1–3 5–1 1–3
VfL Wolfsburg 0–0 2–0 3–0 2–1 5–3 0–2 2–1 3–0 2–1 1–0 2–2 0–0 2–3 0–0 2–3 5–0 1–0
Source: DFB
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

Relegation play-offs

[edit]

All times are CEST (UTC+2).

Overview

[edit]
Team 1 Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score Team 2 1st leg 2nd leg
1. FC Köln (B) 5–2 Holstein Kiel (2B) 0–1 5–1

Matches

[edit]
1. FC Köln0–1Holstein Kiel
Report
  • Lorenz 59'
Holstein Kiel1–51. FC Köln
Report
Attendance: 2,334
Referee: Deniz Aytekin

1. FC Köln won 5–2 on aggregate, and therefore both clubs remained in their respective leagues.

Statistics

[edit]

Top scorers

[edit]
Rank Player Club Goals[71]
1 Poland Robert Lewandowski Bayern Munich 41
2 Portugal André Silva Eintracht Frankfurt 28
3 Norway Erling Haaland Borussia Dortmund 27
4 Croatia Andrej Kramarić 1899 Hoffenheim 20
Netherlands Wout Weghorst VfL Wolfsburg
6 Austria Saša Kalajdžić VfB Stuttgart 16
7 Germany Lars Stindl Borussia Mönchengladbach 14
8 Argentina Lucas Alario Bayer Leverkusen 11
Germany Max Kruse Union Berlin
Germany Thomas Müller Bayern Munich
Democratic Republic of the Congo Silas VfB Stuttgart

Hat-tricks

[edit]
Player Club Against Result Date
Germany Serge Gnabry Bayern Munich Schalke 04 8–0 (H) 18 September 2020
Croatia Andrej Kramarić 1899 Hoffenheim 1. FC Köln 3–2 (A) 19 September 2020
Germany Niclas Füllkrug Werder Bremen Schalke 04 3–1 (A) 26 September 2020
Poland Robert Lewandowski4 Bayern Munich Hertha BSC 4–3 (H) 4 October 2020
Poland Robert Lewandowski Bayern Munich Eintracht Frankfurt 5–0 (H) 24 October 2020
Norway Erling Haaland4 Borussia Dortmund Hertha BSC 5–2 (A) 21 November 2020
France Jean-Philippe Mateta Mainz 05 SC Freiburg 3–1 (A) 22 November 2020
Germany Lars Stindl Borussia Mönchengladbach Eintracht Frankfurt 3–3 (A) 15 December 2020
United States Matthew Hoppe Schalke 04 1899 Hoffenheim 4–0 (H) 9 January 2021
Poland Robert Lewandowski Bayern Munich Borussia Dortmund 4–2 (H) 6 March 2021
Poland Robert Lewandowski Bayern Munich VfB Stuttgart 4–0 (H) 20 March 2021
Finland Joel Pohjanpalo Union Berlin Werder Bremen 3–1 (H) 24 April 2021
Croatia Josip Brekalo VfL Wolfsburg Union Berlin 3–0 (H) 8 May 2021
Poland Robert Lewandowski Bayern Munich Borussia Mönchengladbach 6–0 (H) 8 May 2021
  • 4 Player scored four goals.

Assist providers

[edit]
Rank Player Club Assists[72]
1 GermanyThomas Müller Bayern Munich 18
2 SerbiaFilip Kostić Eintracht Frankfurt 14
3 JapanDaichi Kamada 12
4 GermanyJonas Hofmann Borussia Mönchengladbach 11
EnglandJadon Sancho Borussia Dortmund
6 PortugalRaphaël Guirreiro 10
GermanyJoshua Kimmich Bayern Munich
FranceKingsley Coman
FranceMoussa Diaby Bayer Leverkusen
ItalyVincenzo Grifo SC Freiburg

Clean sheets

[edit]
Rank Player Club Clean
sheets[73]
1 Hungary Péter Gulácsi RB Leipzig 15
2 Belgium Koen Casteels VfL Wolfsburg 14
3 Germany Stefan Ortega Arminia Bielefeld 11
4 Germany Manuel Neuer Bayern Munich 9
5 Finland Lukáš Hrádecký Bayer Leverkusen 8
Germany Alexander Schwolow Hertha BSC
7 Poland Rafał Gikiewicz FC Augsburg 7
Switzerland Marwin Hitz Borussia Dortmund
9 Germany Oliver Baumann 1899 Hoffenheim 6
Germany Florian Müller SC Freiburg
Czech Republic Jiří Pavlenka Werder Bremen
Switzerland Yann Sommer Borussia Mönchengladbach

Awards

[edit]

Monthly awards

[edit]
Month Player of the Month Rookie of the Month Goal of the Month Ref.
Player Club Player Club Player Club
September Croatia Andrej Kramarić 1899 Hoffenheim England Jude Bellingham Borussia Dortmund Germany Joshua Kimmich Bayern Munich [74][75][76]
October Poland Robert Lewandowski Bayern Munich Germany Mateo Klimowicz VfB Stuttgart Denmark Yussuf Poulsen RB Leipzig
November Norway Erling Haaland Borussia Dortmund Democratic Republic of the Congo Silas Austria Valentino Lazaro Borussia Mönchengladbach
December Germany Lars Stindl Borussia Mönchengladbach Jamaica Leon Bailey Bayer Leverkusen
January Portugal André Silva Eintracht Frankfurt United States Matthew Hoppe Schalke 04 Germany Nadiem Amiri
February England Jadon Sancho Borussia Dortmund Democratic Republic of the Congo Silas VfB Stuttgart Austria Marcel Sabitzer RB Leipzig
March Serbia Filip Kostić Eintracht Frankfurt Japan Ritsu Dōan Arminia Bielefeld Netherlands Deyovaisio Zeefuik Hertha BSC
April Norway Erling Haaland Borussia Dortmund Germany Jamal Musiala Bayern Munich Slovakia Ondrej Duda 1. FC Köln
May Poland Robert Lewandowski Bayern Munich

Annual awards

[edit]
Award Winner Club Ref.
Player of the Season Norway Erling Haaland Borussia Dortmund
Rookie of the Season Democratic Republic of the Congo Silas VfB Stuttgart [75]
Goal of the Season Austria Valentino Lazaro Borussia Mönchengladbach
Team of the Season
Pos. Player Club
GK Germany Manuel Neuer Bayern Munich
DF Canada Alphonso Davies
Spain Angeliño RB Leipzig
Germany Mats Hummels Borussia Dortmund
Germany Ridle Baku VfL Wolfsburg
MF Germany Leon Goretzka Bayern Munich
Germany Joshua Kimmich
Germany Thomas Müller
FW Portugal André Silva Eintracht Frankfurt
Poland Robert Lewandowski Bayern Munich
Norway Erling Haaland Borussia Dortmund

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, each local health department allowed a different number of spectators.
  2. ^ The relegation play-offs are being played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Rahmenterminkalender für die Saison 2020/21 veröffentlicht" [Framework schedule for the 2020–21 season published]. DFL.de (in German). Deutsche Fußball Liga. 5 December 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  3. ^ "Bayern startet gegen S04: Der komplette Bundesliga-Spielplan 2020/21 zum Durchklicken". kicker.de (in German). 7 August 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
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  5. ^ "Anhang IV zur LO: Richtlinie für Spielkleidung und Ausrüstung" [Annex IV to the Licensing Regulations: Guideline for Match Clothing and Equipment] (PDF). Deutsche Fußball Liga (in German). 5 March 2021. p. 19. Retrieved 8 May 2021. Die Clubs, die seit 1963 in der Bundesliga eine bestimmte Anzahl von deutschen Meistertiteln errungen haben, sollen auf dem Trikot unmittelbar angrenzend an das Clubemblem als Titelsymbol einen oder mehrere Sterne nach den folgenden Maßgaben abbilden: ... e) Ab dreißig gewonnenen Meistertiteln: fünf Sterne. [The clubs that have won a certain number of German league titles since 1963 shall display one or more stars on the jersey immediately adjacent to the club emblem as a title symbol in accordance with the following requirements: ... e) From thirty championship titles won: five stars.] Alt URL
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  9. ^ "Fan-Rückkehr: Seifert und die Profi-Klubs sehen keine Wettbewerbsverzerrung" [Fan return: Seifert and the professional clubs see no distortion of competition]. kicker (in German). 3 September 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
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