Downtown Orlando

Downtown Orlando
Neighborhood of Orlando
Downtown Orlando skyline as seen from Lake Eola to the north
Nickname(s):  Downtown, Central Business District
Country	United States
State	Florida
County	Orange County
City	Orlando
Settled	July 31st, 1875
Subdistricts of Downtown	Neighborhoods list Uptown North Orange Eola Heights Thornton Park South Eola District Lake Cherokee Historic District Holden/Parramore Central Business District
Population  (2010)
• Total	18,731(Includes all Downtown neighborhoods)
• Density	5,123/sq mi (1,978/km2)
Demonym	Downtowner
Time zone	UTC-05 (EST)
Website	www.downtownorlando.com

Downtown Orlando is the historic core and central business district of Orlando, Florida, United States. It is bordered by Marks Street in the north, Mills Avenue (SR 15) in the east, Orange Blossom Trail (US 441) in the west, and Kaley Avenue in the south. There are five enclaves in downtown; "Uptown" in the north around Lake Ivanhoe, "Lake Eola Heights" and "Thornton Park" in the east around Lake Eola, "Parramore" in the west, and the "Central Business District" (or the "Financial District") between Colonial Drive and Lake Lucerne in the center. In 2010, the estimated population of downtown was 18,731. The daytime population was estimated to be 65,000 (in 2010). The 5-mile radius population of downtown is 273,335.

Overview

Downtown Orlando is the largest of urban centers in Central Florida. It is home to residential and commercial towers; local, state, and federal government offices; sports facilities; performing arts theaters; art galleries; a movie theater; retail; nightclubs; and parks. Downtown is removed from the tourist areas located in the southwestern half of the city; but does draw a significant number of visitors seeking to experience the "Real Orlando". It is also the location of numerous festivals, parades, political demonstrations, and other high-profile events year-round.

Geography

View of Downtown Orlando (center) and periphery to Lake Apopka (upper-right); January 2011

There are seven official neighborhoods with significant portions inside the Downtown Orlando Community Redevelopment Area (CRA):

• Callahan (portion east of Westmoreland Drive)
• Central Business District
• Holden/Parramore (portion east of Westmoreland Drive)
• Lake Dot (portion east of Westmoreland Drive)
• Lake Eola Heights (portion west of Summerlin Avenue)
• South Eola
• Uptown

The CRA also includes small pieces of College Park (portions east of Peachtree Road, and along Orange Avenue between Magnolia and Highland Avenues), Lake Cherokee (portions west of Delaney Avenue and north of Ponce de Leon Place / Palmer Street), Lorna Doone (the Citrus Bowl Stadium only), Park Lake/Highland (portion north of Lake Highland), South Division (portion north of Gore Street, mostly highway right-of-way), South Orange (portion north of Gore Street), and Thornton Park (portion north of Central Boulevard and west of James Avenue).

Uptown

Uptown, located north of Colonial Drive along Orange and Magnolia Avenues, is an urban cluster around Lake Ivanhoe similar to the Central Business District but with less density. The area has recently been the focus of numerous infill construction projects ranging from apartments to low-rise office buildings. Lake Ivanhoe has a large gay community along with retail and nightlife.

This area around Lake Ivanhoe is locally called the Antique District due to the large number of antique shops along North Orange Avenue.

Landmarks in this area include Lake Highland Preparatory School, Senator Beth Johnson Park, and the headquarters of the Orlando Ballet.

Parramore

Main article: Parramore

Established in the 1880s, Parramore is the historical hub of Orlando's African-American community. The area is located just west of the Central Business district along Division Ave and West Church Street. Now considered an economically depressed area; Orlando leaders are working with business owners in the community to improve the area's reputation. While some parts of the neighborhood have been gentrified; Parramore still maintains its historical African-American identity.

It is a residential area with a large number of high intensity entertainment and office institutions; such as the Amway Center, Bob Carr Performing Arts Centre, US Courthouse for the Mid-District of Florida, Florida A&M University School of Law, county & state buildings, and Orlando Police Department headquarters. Smaller businesses include grocery stores, barber shops, and soul food restaurants.

Orlando officially considers Parramore to be three separate neighborhoods: Lake Dot (between Colonial Drive and Amelia Street), Callahan (between Amelia Street and Central Boulevard), and Holden/Parramore (between Central Boulevard and Gore Street). All three are bounded on the east by Interstate 4 and on the west by Orange Blossom Trail.

Central Business District

The central business district is Orlando's Financial District and is the most recognized feature of downtown. The majority of Orlando's night clubs are also in this area. Located here are corporate offices for Wells Fargo and Suntrust banks, Orlando City Hall, foreign consulates, and many hotels. SunTrust Center and City Commons are two large office complexes within the CBD. Church Street Station is also located in this area. Many of Orlando's historic buildings are located within the CBD standing next to modern skyscrapers. The Rogers Building (built in 1886), originally an English Gentlemen's Club built in the Queen Anne style, is the oldest building in downtown Orlando.

Eola

Lake Eola

See also: Lake Eola and Lake Eola Heights Historic District

Lake Eola Park is located east of the CBD, with Lake Eola Heights north of the lake and South Eola to the east and south. The park is historically significant and is a frequent venue for events and festivals. The park's most iconic landmark is the Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain (locally known as the Lake Eola Fountain), permanently embedded to the bottom with concrete beams in the center of the lake. The fountain is illuminated nightly in various colors with two nightly water shows. In addition to the fountain, the park features swan boat rentals and the Walt Disney Amphitheater. Every Independence Day, the park is host to a large fireworks display which draws thousands of people to downtown. A 0.85-mile (1.37 km) recreational pathway circles the park and leads to a playground.

Residential and commercial development is usually regulated to towers no greater than 250 feet (76 m) tall. There are many historical "Florida style" bungalows and century-old oak lined brick streets. This area is unique in Orlando as it contains some of the oldest homes in the city and is another one of Orlando's historic districts. Howard Middle School, which was the original Orlando High School, is located here.

Thornton Park

Facing east from the corner of Washington St and Hyer Ave in the heart of Thornton Park.

Thornton Park is located immediately east of Lake Eola Heights and is centered on Lake Lawsona along Thornton Ave. The area is similar to Lake Eola Heights, in that it contains historic homes and the streets are paved with bricks. However, Thornton Park has a more upscale feel; as it is the location of exclusive restaurants, fashion boutiques, and The Sanctuary; which has some of the most expensive condo units in Orlando. Other luxury condominium buildings in that area include The Waverly and 101 Eola. It is one of the most desirable and expensive places to live in downtown; attracting young professionals and urban dwellers. As a result of all this, the area has become a lively 24/7 neighborhood, with a diverse mix of people. Greenwood Cemetery, Orlando's oldest cemetery, is located just south of Thornton Park in the Lake Davis/Greenwood neighborhood. Designed and plotted in 1880, it is the final resting place for many of the city's founders.

History

Early years

Prior to the arrival of European settlers in 1837, the Orlando area was occupied by the Native American Creek and Seminole tribes. In 1838, Fort Gatlin was built a few miles south of downtown Orlando on the shores of modern-day Lake Gatlin; (a historic marker is now located on the fort site). In 1850, a man named Aaron Jernigan built a post office north of the fort and the area became known as "Jernigan". In 1856, Jernigan was relieved of his command of the post office due to "notorious acts" and the area was renamed "Orlando". The village remained little more than a backwater during and after the Civil War until 1875 when The "Town of Orlando" was incorporated. It was centered around the original Orange County Courthouse in between today's Court Avenue and Magnolia Avenue (originally named "Main Street").

A fire in 1884 almost destroyed the entire town. Before the fire, most of the structures in Orlando were built with wood and the town was without fire protection. The town began to rebuild and a fire brigade was formed. Orlando became a city in 1885 and the arrival of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1890 brought tremendous growth. Commercial activity shifted away from the courthouse and moved to the new railroad depot located on Church Street. Settlers from England arrived in Orlando and established homes and businesses. One of the newly arrived Englishmen was named Joseph Bumby. He and his family settled in the town and built a hardware store known as "Bumby Hardware Store". The store remained an Orlando fixture until the 1960s, but the name "Bumby" is still famous in the city. The location of the hardware store is now a Hamburger Mary's.

Downtown's heyday

By the 1920s, Orlando had grown from a cattle town to a major citrus growing center. The Florida land boom of the 1920s brought many newcomers to the city. The population increase led to the construction of the Orlando Public Library in 1923, the Orlando Municipal Auditorium (now Bob Carr Performing Arts Centre) in 1926, and several grand hotels; namely the Angebilt Hotel and San Juan Hotel. By this time, the city's population had grown to 9,000 people.

Great Depression to post-war years

The federal government's Works Progress Administration programs during the Great Depression helped Orlando remain economically stable. New parks were developed, the Municipal Airport (now Orlando Executive Airport) was built, and the city also built a new football stadium at Tinker Field (now the site of Florida Citrus Bowl). By 1944, enough jobs were created to increase the city's population to 45,000 people. Orlando became a major military center when World War II brought the development of McCoy Air Force Base and Pinecastle AFB, located southeast of downtown. This status intensified with the 1968 opening of the Orlando Naval Training Center east of downtown.

Decline and redevelopment

Walt Disney World's 1971 opening in southwest Orange County brought major development to Orlando, but relatively little to the downtown area. During this time, development in downtown was mainly focused upon the construction of office towers, such as the Citrus Center and the original Sunbank building. However, downtown began to fall into a state of decline. The Angebilt Hotel and "San Juan Hotels" were abandoned and left to crumble. The San Juan was eventually demolished in 1980, but the Angebilt Hotel at 37 N Orange Ave which was built in 1923 would be transformed in modern times into an office building with retail on the ground floor. Lake Eola Park became a haven for prostitutes and drug addicts. In addition, downtown department stores and family owned businesses closed or moved to the newly constructed Orlando Fashion Square mall. After the opening of Interstate 4, the downtown population base moved out of downtown to the suburbs.

Efforts to revitalize downtown began in the mid 1970s and continued into the 1980s. Bob Snow opened Rosie O'Grady's in 1974 at Church Street Station, which quickly became a popular attraction. In the mid 1980s, several skyscrapers were constructed; including SunTrust Center and Barnett Plaza (now Bank of America Center). Lake Eola Park was redesigned and the Walt Disney Amphitheater opened in the park around the same time the annual "Orlando Shakespeare Festival" was established. On the other hand, downtown's population base still had yet to rebound to previous levels and major corporations were still opening locations outside of the city center.

The Orlando City Hall building, the city's third, opened in 1991 directly behind the previous City Hall, constructed in 1958. To clear the area for future development, the Orlando City Council chose to implode the 1950s building. The event was met with much local fanfare and was filmed for use in the opening scenes of the 1992 film Lethal Weapon 3. The area cleared is now occupied by CNL City Center Commons.

Recent years

Until the late 1990s, downtown was relatively small compared to other cities of Orlando's size. A building boom began in 1998 and continued through the 2000s decade. New commercial towers sprouted along Orange Avenue and residential towers were constructed around Lake Eola and along Magnolia Ave. CNL Financial Group established a major footprint in downtown with the construction of CNL City Center Commons, a complex of office towers surrounding Orlando City Hall. CNL continues to expand their presence downtown. As a result of the construction boom, downtown density doubled and Orlando's skyline dramatically changed. In 2005, the term "Manhattanization" was locally applied to Orange Avenue when a large number of construction cranes loomed over downtown. The late 2000s recession slowed large intensity skyscraper construction; but infill development continued downtown including construction of the Amway Center in 2009.

In 2011, construction began on phase one of the long-awaited Dr. Phillips Center for Performing Arts across from City Hall along Orange Ave.

Skyscrapers

The majority of the tallest towers in Central Florida are located downtown. Of the 79 existing skyscrapers in the Greater Orlando region, 46 are located downtown.

The tallest skyscrapers in Orlando are:

• Suntrust Center, 1988, 441 ft (134 m) is the tallest building in Central Florida.
• The Vue at Lake Eola, 2008, 426 ft (130 m).
• The Orange County Courthouse, 1997, 416 ft (127 m).
• The Bank of America Center, 1988, 409 ft (125 m)
• 55 West on the Esplanade, 2009, 377 ft (115 m)
• Solaire at the Plaza, 2006, 359 ft (109 m)
• One Eleven Building, 2009, 357 ft (109 m)
• Citrus Center, 1971, 258 ft (79 m)
• Premier Trade Plaza Orlando, 2006, 256 ft (78 m)
• CNL Center City Commons, 1999, 250 ft (76 m)

Towers built in downtown Orlando have not exceeded 441 ft (134 m) since the completion of the Suntrust Center in 1988. There has never been an "official" reason why; but local architects speculate it is due to the Orlando Executive Airport location just east of downtown. The airport's flight path is over the city center, thus the Federal Aviation Administration has imposed height restrictions.

Transportation

Downtown Orlando is served by three main arteries, two limited access highways, several secondaries, and many byways.

I-4 East

Limited Access

• Spessard L. Holland East-West Expressway (SR 408)
• Interstate 4 (SR 400)

Arterials

• Orange Avenue (SR 527 - One Way SB)
• Rosalind Avenue (SR 527 - One Way NB)
• Colonial Drive (US 17/92-SR 50 - E/W)
• Orange Blossom Trail (US 441 - N/S)

Secondaries

• South Street (SR 15 - WB Along SR 408)
• Anderson Street (SR 15 - EB Along SR 408)
• Hughey Avenue (SB Along I-4)
• Garland Avenue (NB Along I-4)
• Robinson Avenue (E/W Along North Side of Lake Eola)
• Central Avenue (E/W) Along South Side of Lake Eola)

Public Transportation

Bus

The Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority (CFRTA), better known as Lynx, operates the regional bus service with its central station and offices located at 455 N Garland Avenue.

Lynx Operates a zero-fare bus route called Lymmo (Link 31) along a completely separate and dedicated right-of-way. Because this bus system runs on its own right-of-way and controls the traffic signaling, in most cases it is superior to automobile travel within the downtown area. Lymmo service also runs along the Orange Avenue corridor, north to Florida Hospital and south to Michigan Avenue. There is also an east/west connection from the Citrus Bowl to Thornton Park.

Rail

Downtown is served by an Amtrak station about a mile south of the central business district. The Silver Meteor and Silver Star lines provide train service to New York City, Miami and Tampa.

Construction began in 2012 on SunRail, a North-South commuter rail that will run mostly along existing CSX/Amtrak rails. It will provide service between the northern suburb of DeLand to the southern suburb of Poinciana. A large transfer station, the LYNX Central Station, currently handles Lynx bus transfers and was constructed to accommodate the large capacity expected from SunRail.

Air

The Orlando Executive Airport is located 4 miles (6.4 km) east of the CBD. While technically not in downtown proper, the airport serves the downtown district.

Government

Orlando City Hall is located on Orange Avenue and South Street.

The Orange County Courthouse is located on north Orange Avenue.

The US District Court Middle District of Florida's courthouse is located at 401 West Central Boulevard.

The United States Postal Service downtown office is located at 51 East Jefferson Street.

Education and Institutions

Public and Private Schools

• Lake Highland Preparatory School
• Howard Middle School
• Hillcrest Elementary School
• Trinity Lutheran School
• Fern Creek Elementary
• Jones High School
• William R. Boone High School
• The Christ School
• Blankner K-8

Colleges

• Valencia Community College - satellite campus
• University of Central Florida - Downtown Campus
• UCF - Florida Interactive Entertainment Academy
• Florida A&M University - School of Law
• Florida State University College of Medicine - Orlando Regional Campus
• Adventist University of Health Sciences - Main Campus

Places of worship

• First Presbyterian Church of Orlando
• First United Methodist Church of Orlando
• St. James Cathedral in Orlando
• First United Methodist Church
• Hospital Church
• Masjid Al Haq Mosque
• Trinity Lutheran Church
• Downtown Baptist Church
• Park Lake Presbyterian Church
• City Beautiful Church
• Summit Church
• Celebration Church - Coming 2014
• Cathedral Church of St. Luke

Hospitals

• Florida Hospital Orlando
• Orlando Regional Medical Center
• Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children
• Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies
• M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Orlando
• ORMC - Lucerne Pavilion

Places of interest

Loch Haven Park, north of downtown on Mills and Princeton Avenues, serves as the cultural center of Orlando and consists of the following:

• The Orlando Science Center
• The Orlando Shakespeare Theater
• The Orlando Museum of Art
• The Orlando Repertory Theatre
• The Mennello Museum of American Art
• Loch Haven Community Center

The "Cultural Park Master Plan" published in 2009, details plans to expand Loch Haven Park to former USDA property located adjacent the park, and calling for additional cultural institutions to be housed onsite.

Arts & Culture

• Calle Orange, an annual heritage festival celebrating Puerto Rican culture.
• The Orange County Regional History Center - Located on Central Blvd. The building was once the Orange County Courthouse.
• Mad Cow Theatre produces a season of classical and contemporary plays and musicals in its intimate two-theatre complex.
• CityArts Factory - Located in the CBD. Features works by local artists and holds workshops.
• SAK Comedy Lab - A 200-seat professional improvisation comedy theater and school, with graduates including Wayne Brady, Jonathan Mangum, Karey Kirkpatrick.
• Plaza Cinema Cafe - The first movie theater in downtown in nearly half a century.
• The Daily City Mobile Art Show - An art gallery in the back of a moving truck which displays works by local artists in various locations around Central Florida.
• Public Art - Orange County Government has several public art installations around Downtown.
• The Orlando Cabaret Festival - an annual festival produced east spring by Mad Cow Theatre attracts local and international Cabaret artists for over 40 performances at the theatre. Features lunchtime and evening performances and special events.
• The Orlando Film Festival
• Orlando International Fringe Theater Festival

Hotels

Major hotels in downtown Orlando include:

• Crowne Plaza Orlando Downtown Hotel
• Embassy Suites Orlando - Downtown
• Grand Bohemian Hotel Orlando (Marriott)
• Sheraton Orlando Downtown Hotel
• DoubleTree by Hilton - Orlando Downtown

Sports

Downtown is home to the Amway Center which hosts the Orlando Magic NBA team, the Orlando Solar Bears ECHL team, and the Orlando Predators Arena Football League team. The Florida Citrus Bowl in addition to being home of Orlando City Soccer Club for 2015 & 2016 also hosts The Capital One Bowl in addition to other events year round. Tinker Field is a historic ballpark adjacent to the Citrus Bowl.

Diplomatic Missions

• Mexican Consulate Orlando
• Consulate of Haiti Orlando
• French Consulate Orlando
• Argentine Consulate Orlando
• Consulate of the Ivory Coast - Orlando
• Dutch Consulate in Orlando
• Austrian Consulate in Orlando
• Jamaican Consulate Orlando

Resulting from Orlando's reputation as a major international destination and many countries establishing embassies in the city, Orlando now has the second highest number of foreign consulates in Florida next to Miami.

Popular culture

Downtown Orlando's skyline can be seen in the films Paper Towns, Passenger 57, Ernest Saves Christmas, D.A.R.Y.L., Larry the Cable Guy: Health Inspector, Lethal Weapon 3 (doubled for Los Angeles), and Miami Connection.

Seven Mary Three's fourth studio album is entitled Orange Avenue.

Plans

The Triple Crown for Downtown, a construction initiative involving three high intensity public works projects, began in 2010.

• Amway Center - The first initiative of the Triple Crown. Construction began in 2008 and was completed in October, 2010. It is the new home of the Orlando Magic, Orlando Solar Bears and the Orlando Predators of the Arena Football League. In addition to other events, the venue has brought major concerts back to Orlando.
• Dr. Phillips Center for Performing Arts - Located across from City Hall on Orange Ave, it will replace the Bob Carr Performing Arts Centre and will be built in phases. Phase I began in 2012 and will include a 2,800 seat amplified hall and a 300-seat theater for smaller productions. Phase II, construction date unknown, will include a 1,700 seat acoustic hall for ballet, orchestra, and opera performances.
• Florida Citrus Bowl - Located to the west of downtown, the Florida Citrus Bowl is an outdoor venue for sports and large events. The structure is undergoing major reconstruction with partial demolition having begun in late January 2014. Reconstruction will cost just under $200 million and, upon completion in April 2015, will be approximately 80% new.

A more ambitious project planned for downtown calls for completely transforming the Orlando Centroplex, the home of the former Amway Arena, into a "Creative Village". The project is to be privately funded and plans call for satellite schools for the University of Central Florida and the University of Florida, 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m²) of office space, residential apartment buildings, and a large central park with sporting facilities and an amphitheater.

External links

• Downtown Development Board/Community Redevelopment Agency
• Downtown Arts District

• Downtown Orlando Information Center