Janis Joplin

Janis Joplin

Janis Lyn Joplin (January 19, 1943 – October 4, 1970) was a singer, songwriter, and music arranger, who grew up in conservative Port Arthur, Texas. Because of her talent for singing the blues, she rose to fame in the 1960s as the lead singer of Big Brother and the Holding Company, and eventually a solo career, before her death from a drug overdose. She was one of the most popular and influential singers of the 1960s, and is considered to be one of the greatest female rockers of all time. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Joplin #46 on their list of the 50 Greatest Artists of All Time.

Life and career

Early life

Janis Joplin was born to Seth Ward Joplin and Dorothy Bonita East. Her father was an engineer at Texaco. Her mother was the registrar at a business college. She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura. As a teenager, she befriended a group of outcasts, including Jim Langdon and Grant Lyons, the latter of whom played her the blues for the first time. She began singing in the local choir and listening to musicians such as Leadbelly, Bessie Smith, Odetta, and Big Mama Thornton. While at Thomas Jefferson High School, she was mostly shunned. Among her high school classmates was another individual destined for stardom: future college and NFL coach Jimmy Johnson. In a 1992 Sports Illustrated profile of his career, Johnson claimed that he gave Joplin the high school nickname of "beat weeds". Primarily a painter, in high school she first began singing blues and folk music with friends.

University

Joplin graduated from high school in 1960 and attended the University of Texas at Austin, though she never obtained a degree. She lived in a building commonly referred to as "The Ghetto" which was located at 2812 1/2 Nueces Street. The rent was $40 a month when she lived there. The campus newspaper ran a profile of her in 1962 headlined "She Dares To Be Different", but her nonconforming behaviour often provoked rejection, as when in 1963 university fraternity pranksters nominated her as their candidate in the annual Ugliest Man on Campus contest.

Ill-fated first stint in San Francisco and return home

Cultivating a rebellious manner that could be viewed as "liberated," Joplin styled herself in part after her female blues heroines and, in part, after the Beat poets. She left Texas for San Francisco in 1963, lived in North Beach and in Haight-Ashbury. In Haight-Ashbury, then inhabited mostly by poor African Americans who had no idea the Summer of Love would transform the neighborhood years later, Joplin lived in the same building as the chess master Jude Acers. On June 25, 1964, Joplin and future Jefferson Airplane guitar player Jorma Kaukonen recorded a number of blues standards, further accompanied by Margareta Kaukonen on typewriter (as percussion instrument). These sessions, recorded in non-stereo sound on a reel-to-reel tape recorder, included seven tracks: "Typewriter Talk," "Trouble In Mind," "Kansas City Blues," "Hesitation Blues," "Nobody Knows You When You're Down And Out," "Daddy, Daddy, Daddy" and "Long Black Train Blues," and were later released as the bootleg album The Typewriter Tape. More early recordings are found on the album collection Janis, including the tracks "What Good Can Drinkin' Do", "Mary Jane" and "No Reason For Livin'".

Around this time her drug use began to increase, and she acquired a reputation as a "speed freak" and occasional heroin user. She also used other intoxicants. She was a heavy drinker throughout her career, and her trademark beverage was Southern Comfort.

Several months after recording the tracks with Kaukonen, Joplin's friends, noticing the physical effects of her speed habit (she weighed 88 pounds), paid for her to travel by Greyhound bus to her parents in Port Arthur, Texas. Whether she required medical assistance in her hometown at this time (April of 1965) is not known, but it is a fact that she changed her entire lifestyle, began wearing relatively modest dresses, a beehive hairdo and enrolled as a sociology major at Lamar University in nearby Beaumont, Texas. Though she avoided drugs, alcohol and bars that she had frequented years earlier, she still corresponded by mail with a methedrine dealer she had known in San Francisco and still considered his proposal of marriage. Shortly after the man visited the Joplin household wearing a conservative suit and tie, charming the entire family and asking Mr. Joplin for permission to marry his daughter, the man broke off contact with her. During her year at Lamar University, she commuted to Austin to perform solo, accompanying herself on guitar. One of her performances was reviewed in the Austin American-Statesman.

Big Brother and The Holding Company

In 1966, her bluesy vocal style saw her join the psychedelic band Big Brother and The Holding Company, a band that was gaining some renown among the nascent hippie community in Haight-Ashbury.

She was recruited to join the group by Chet Helms, who had known her in Texas. At the time he was the manager of Big Brother and, as a promoter his Family Dog Productions company, was quickly becoming a major force in the San Francisco scene alongside Bill Graham. Joplin joined Big Brother on June 4, 1966 and her first public performance with them was at the Avalon Ballroom in San Francisco on June 10.

On August 23, 1966 the group signed a deal with independent label Mainstream Records and recorded an eponymous album in the fall of 1966. However, the lack of success of their early singles led to the album being withheld until after their subsequent success. Their self titled debut was eventually released in August 1967, shortly after the group's breakthrough appearance at the Monterey Pop Festival on June 18, 1967. The Big Brother set included a version of Big Mama Thornton's "Ball and Chain" and featured a barnstorming vocal by Joplin. Like Jimi Hendrix, Joplin's performance at Monterey made her an international star virtually overnight. (The D.A. Pennebaker documentary Monterey Pop captured Cass Elliot in the crowd silently mouthing "Wow, that's really heavy" during Joplin's performance.)

In November 1967, the group parted ways with Helms -- who can be heard introducing them to the audience on the Monterey Pop CD but not the DVD -- and they signed with top artist manager Albert Grossman, who had become famous in his own right as the manager of Bob Dylan. Up to this point, Big Brother had performed only in California (mostly in San Francisco) but they had gained national prominence with their Monterey performance. On February 16, 1968, the group began its first East Coast tour in Philadelphia, and the following day they gave their first performance in New York City at the Anderson Theater. On April 7, 1968, the last day of their East Coast tour, Joplin and Big Brother performed with Jimi Hendrix, Buddy Guy, Joni Mitchell, Richie Havens, Paul Butterfield, and Elvin Bishop at the "Wake for Martin Luther King, Jr." concert in New York.

During the spring of 1968, Joplin made her network television debut when Big Brother performed on the variety show hosted by Dick Cavett five afternoons a week on the ABC network. This particular program hosted by Cavett was short-lived, and all videotapes were wiped. The video clips of Joplin being interviewed by Cavett come from a prime-time series he hosted in 1969 and a late-night series from 1970.

Big Brother's second album, Cheap Thrills, was recorded in New York and Los Angeles between April and June 1968 and released in August, featuring cover design by noted counterculture cartoonist Robert Crumb. Consisting of concert performances and studio recordings, it had a raw quality, including the sound of a cocktail glass breaking and the broken shards getting swept away during the song "Turtle Blues." Together with a documentary film of the Monterey performance that played in repertory cinemas in the spring of 1969, the album made Joplin into one of the leading musical stars of the late Sixties. It also produced the band's breakthrough hit single, "Piece of My Heart." Cheap Thrills debuted at the number one spot and stayed there for weeks selling over one million copies in its first month of release alone. Live at Winterland '68, recorded at the Winterland Ballroom on April 12 and 13, 1968 shows Janis and Big Brother and the Holding Company at the height of their mutual career working through a selection of tracks from their studio albums.

The group made another East Coast tour during July-August 1968, which included performances at the Columbia Records convention in Puerto Rico and the Newport Folk Festival. After returning to San Francisco for two hometown shows at the Palace of Fine Arts Festival on August 31 and September 1, Joplin announced that she would be leaving Big Brother at the end of fall 1968. The group continued touring through the fall and Joplin gave her last official performance with Big Brother at a Family Dog benefit on December 1, 1968.

Solo career: Woodstock to Festival Express

After splitting from Big Brother Joplin formed a new backup group, modeled on the classic soul revue bands, named the Kozmic Blues Band, which backed her on I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama! (1969: the year she played at Woodstock). Their first public performance, which clearly signaled the group's soul connections, was at the Stax-Volt Christmas Show in Memphis, Tennessee on December 21, 1968, with The Bar-Kays, Booker T. & the M.G.'s, Albert King, Rufus Thomas, Carla Thomas, William Bell and Eddie Floyd.

The band contained a horn section and although many reviewers felt the horns competed with her voice, she toured solidly with the band across North America and Europe throughout 1969. The Kozmic Blues album was released in September of 1969 and the album was certified gold later that year but was a more modest success than Cheap Thrills. The group was not as well received as Big Brother — at least by some people — and it broke up after a year; their final gig with Joplin was at Madison Square Garden in New York City on December 21, 1969.

Ralph Gleason and other musically trained critics pointed out the group's flaws, infuriating Joplin, who was under a lot of pressure as the first female in a hard rock band to leave the band and then get solo billing. Carl Bernstein of the Washington Post and other roving reporters in 1969 ignored the flaws and devoted their entire articles to the singer's magic. In August 1969, Joplin sang at the legendary Woodstock Festival late on Saturday night. For 25 years after Woodstock, the only portion of her performance there that was available commercially -- in either sound or picture -- was a spontaneous dance she did with her band's African-American tenor saxophone player, Cornelius "Snooky" Flowers, during an instrumental break. It is part of the 1975 theatrically released documentary Janis.

Woodstock the feature film includes several seconds of Joplin walking with her friend Peggy Caserta to the festival site in broad daylight hours before she went onstage, but this movie -- a box-office hit that Joplin saw in a theater in 1970 -- omitted her entire performance, even the dance with Flowers. These omissions of her singing at the festival, along with comments from Joplin's devoted publicist Myra Friedman (present at the event) and from the post-production crew of the movie, suggest strongly that Joplin was not at her best that weekend. At least one sober audience member, however, remembered her performance fondly twenty years later. The 25th anniversary director's cut of Woodstock includes just one of her selections from the concert: Work Me, Lord. The segment begins with Joplin asking the audience, "How you doin'?" and then advising people who are stoned to "drink lots of water." She then plunges into the song, giving it a different spin than in the Kozmic Blues recording session two months earlier. Gabriel Mekler, who produced the album, told publicist-turned-biographer Myra Friedman (after Joplin's death) that the singer had lived in his house during the recording sessions at his insistence so he could keep her away from drugs and her drug-using friends (who included Peggy Caserta). He was married with small children and did not allow drugs in the house.

By the time Joplin reached Woodstock, her experience living in the Mekler household seemed to be water under the bridge, and even decades later Caserta and Myra Friedman found it painful to recall how disappointed she was in her performance and the amount of heroin she used. In addition to her stage fright at Woodstock, she had trouble at Madison Square Garden where, as she told rock journalist David Dalton, the audience watched and listened to "every note [she sang] with 'Is she gonna make it?' in their eyes." She often told Friedman and others in the music business that she was a lot more nervous and prone to drinking and drugging in recording studios and playing large venues than at the Fillmore West and other small clubs. Her behavior while making the album that would follow Kozmic Blues turned out to be tragic proof that she felt that way, indeed, and Mekler would not be there for her. A writer for Playboy magazine noticed during the Kozmic Blues sessions that Joplin made her own amateur recordings of each day's takes with a Sony cassette recorder and, after leaving the studio at night, played them repeatedly searching for mistakes. Waiters ejected her and the writer from restaurants.

In February 1970, after months of hiding narcotics in her luggage during concert tours, Joplin got clean and sober in Brazil. She was accompanied on vacation there by her clean-living friend Linda Gravenites, who had designed the singer's stage costumes from 1966 to 1969. Joplin was romanced by an American schoolteacher named David Niehaus, also drug-free, who was traveling around the world. They were photographed together in a crowd at Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, where Joplin's only vice appears to have been a cigarette. Returning to the United States, the singer then formed the Full Tilt Boogie Band. Composed mostly of drug-free Canadian musicians who didn't associate with her friends from Big Brother, the band included an organ but no horn section. Prior to beginning a summer tour with Full Tilt Boogie, she performed in a reunion with Big Brother at the Fillmore West in San Francisco on April 4, 1970. Recordings from this concert were included in an "in concert" album released posthumously in 1972.

In late June 1970, Joplin and her new band joined the all-star Festival Express tour through Canada, performing alongside The Band, The Grateful Dead and others. However, the financial and other problems that led to the tour being cut short also resulted in most of the concert footage remaining unseen until more than thirty years after Joplin's death. Footage of her performing the song "Tell Mama" in Calgary became an MTV video in the 1980s. The audio portion of same was included on the 1982 Farewell Song album. The audio of other Festival Express performances were included on that 1972 Joplin "in concert" album. But the visual element stayed in a vault until the 21st century release of the Festival Express DVD.

MTV viewers saw Joplin (in her "Tell Mama" video) wearing feathers in her hair and a loose-fitting costume, all of which had a vaguely psychedelic color pattern. This was her new standard stage costume in the spring and summer of 1970, and it was captured in all the color footage from the Festival Express and on the color videotape used by The Dick Cavett Show. Members of her band and her entourage called her "Pearl" at her request to describe her new public image, but she did not want the media to report the nickname. Color graphics in the print media were in their infancy at the time, and it was not until the last week of Joplin's life that Circus circulated for the first time a color photo of the motley feathers in her hair. (She did not live to see color photographs in Rolling Stone magazine.) One reason she used her imagination to create her new appearance was that her designer, Linda Gravenites (whom Joplin had praised in the May 1968 issue of Vogue), resigned shortly after their return from Brazil.

Contemporary concerns

Despite Janis Joplin's substance abuse, she disputed several practices that were common at rock concerts. A 1970 interview for Newsweek reflected her opinion on gate-crashers at concerts:

"I don't believe in gate-crashing,"Janis Joplin said last week. "The people aren't up there when I'm sweating on a stage at a festival, breaking my ass. You can get the money, man. Sell your old lady, sell your dope. Look at me, man, I'm selling my heart."

While Jerry Garcia and Bob Weir of the Grateful Dead shared her rejection of gate-crashing (as evident in Festival Express), Jefferson Airplane guitarist Paul Kantner by contrast did not, as reflected in the same Newsweek piece: "I would enthusiastically urge anyone attending a rock festival to break in. They should be free," he said.

Joplin objected to the practice of dosing people with LSD without their permission or knowledge, which is known to have happened at, for example, Grateful Dead concerts. On August 4, 1970, while at New York's El Quijote bar with her publicist Myra Friedman and a fan, she commented that people who did that were comparable to police officers who go around smashing people's skulls. Joplin expounded on the topic a few days later. Over dinner with Friedman and "several members of Full - Tilt (Boogie Band)" in a New York restaurant called Bradley's (located close to the Fillmore East), Joplin spoke about "what she called 'hippie brainwashing'. 'They're frauds, the whole goddamn culture. They bitch about brainwashing from their parents and they do the same damn thing. I've never known a one of those people who would tolerate any way of life but their own.'"

Joplin's own substance abuse sometimes affected her concert performances, but she never missed a gig nor arrived late. She told many people that she believed in the American work ethic, once castigating Rolling Stone journalist David Dalton because he neglected to tape record or even listen to a conversation she was having with singer Bonnie Bramlett on the Festival Express. (He then snapped to attention and started taping. A portion of the conversation was included in the Biography episode on Joplin on A&E.)

Pearl

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The single cover of "Me & Bobby McGee"

During September 1970, Joplin and her band began recording a new album in Los Angeles with renowned producer Paul A. Rothchild, who was famous for his work with The Doors. Although Joplin died before all the tracks were fully completed, there was still enough usable material to compile an LP. "Mercedes Benz" was included despite it being a "first take", and the track "Buried Alive In The Blues" — to which Joplin had been scheduled to add her vocals on the day she was found dead — was kept as an instrumental.

The result was the posthumously released Pearl (1971). It became the biggest selling album of her short career and featured her biggest hit single, a cover of Kris Kristofferson's "Me and Bobby McGee" (which she learned from Arlo Guthrie), as well as the social commentary of the a cappella "Mercedes Benz", written by Joplin, close friend and song writer Bob Neuwirth and beat poet Michael McClure. In 2003, Pearl was ranked #122 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

Among her last public appearances were two broadcasts of The Dick Cavett Show on June 25 and August 3, 1970. On the June 25 show she announced that she would attend her ten-year high school class reunion, although she admitted that when in high school, her schoolmates "laughed me out of class, out of town and out of the state, man". She made it there on August 14, accompanied by fellow musician and friend Bob Neuwirth and road manager John Cooke, but it would be one of the last decisions of her life and it reportedly proved to be a rather unhappy experience for her.

During the August 3rd Cavett broadcast, Joplin referred to her upcoming performance at the Festival for Peace to be held at Shea Stadium in Queens, New York on August 6, 1970. The date was selected because it was the 25th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Japan. The anti-war concert was a day-long event featuring many of the top acts of the day including Steppenwolf, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Paul Simon, The James Gang, and a dozen others.

Joplin's last public performance, given with the Full Tilt Boogie Band, took place on August 12, 1970 at the Harvard Stadium in Boston, Massachusetts. A glowing review appeared on the front page of the Harvard Crimson newspaper despite the fact that Full Tilt Boogie performed with makeshift sound amplifiers after their regular equipment was stolen in Boston.

Relapse and death

The last recordings Joplin completed were "Mercedes Benz" and a birthday greeting for John Lennon on October 1, 1970; Lennon, whose birthday was October 9, later told Dick Cavett that her taped greeting arrived at his home after her death. Joplin made an unlikely choice for the song she transformed into the birthday greeting for the ex - Beatle: Happy Trails composed by Dale Evans. On Saturday, October 3, Joplin visited the Sunset Sound Studios in Los Angeles to listen to the instrumental track for Nick Gravenites' song "Buried Alive In The Blues" so she could lay down vocals the next day. When she failed to show up at the studio by Sunday afternoon, producer Paul Rothchild became concerned. Full Tilt Boogie's road manager John Cooke drove to the Landmark Motor Hotel (since renamed the Highland Gardens Hotel) where Joplin had been a guest since August 24. He saw Joplin's psychedelically painted Porsche still in the parking lot. Upon entering her room, he found her dead on the floor.

She overdosed on heroin at the age of 27 while drunk on cocktails she had finished approximately an hour earlier at Barney's Beanery in West Hollywood. It is said that she purchased the heroin on Saturday afternoon in an effort to console herself when her boyfriend Seth failed to arrive for a scheduled date. Joplin bought the drug from "George," a man who made deliveries to her and other guests at the Landmark. The hotel attracted many drug users despite the fact that it was next door to the Magic Castle, which drew a very different crowd. George depended on a "taster" to cut the pure heroin with another substance, but the regular taster was out of town, and a substitute made the batch too pure. The same batch that killed Joplin also led to other deaths in Los Angeles. Unlike Gabriel Mekler, who had insisted that Joplin live with his family during the recording sessions for her previous album, Paul Rothchild seemed unaware of Joplin's need to stay away from drug-using people.

During a conversation with the desk clerk of the Landmark Motor Hotel sometime that Saturday, Joplin told him not to put any phone calls through to her room phone. Peggy Caserta claims in her 1973 book Going Down With Janis, that she tried to telephone Joplin that night but the desk clerk refused to transfer her call to the singer's room, citing "strict instructions not to put anyone through to Miss Joplin's room after midnight." Caserta herself was a guest at the Landmark at the time, but she was partying elsewhere in Hollywood after having missed a meeting with Joplin, just as Seth had. Seth was in Joplin's house in Marin County, California that night playing strip poker with a waitress he had just met.

Bobby Womack, Paul Rothchild, members of Full Tilt Boogie and others present at Sunset Sound Studios that night heard Joplin yelling angrily into the studio's telephone during a long-distance conversation with Seth, aware that he was probably cheating on her. Before and after the call she seemed to be in great spirits. Joplin even ate at a nearby Chinese restaurant with the group during a meal break.

Upon publication of Peggy Caserta's book three years later, someone connected with "George" knocked on her door and inflicted multiple knife wounds on the woman who answered. Though the book omitted George's last name, it described his looks and speech patterns, identified places where he made deliveries by car (he drove a Cadillac Eldorado) and explained that his customers telephoned him, as had Joplin. This option was uncommon for drug users in the vicinity of the Landmark in 1970. Unbeknownst to the assailant in 1973, his victim was not Peggy Caserta but rather a friend of hers who had never used heroin and had never met George. The friend made a full recovery.

As Janis Joplin tried persistently to contact George on October 3, 1970 (she got no answer twice and reached him on her third try), a color photograph of her smiling and wearing feathers in her hair graced the cover of Circus. Inside pages featured color images of her with the musicians in Full Tilt Boogie. Unlike Jann Wenner, whom Joplin despised, Circus publisher Gerald Rothberg was not a hippie, preferred listening to classical music and ignored for many years lucrative offers to reprint the Joplin photographs or text.

Joplin was cremated in the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Mortuary in Los Angeles, and her ashes scattered from a plane into the Pacific Ocean and along Stinson Beach. Her parents traveled from Texas to Los Angeles, where Janis' mother had a sister, to make arrangements at Pierce Brothers. Mr. and Mrs. Joplin told a Los Angeles reporter they had "no comment for the press." The only funeral service they would allow was held at Pierce Brothers and attended by themselves and Mrs. Joplin's sister, who had attended Janis' 1969 Hollywood Bowl concert. Janis' younger siblings remained in Texas. Several weeks later the parents gave long interviews to Rolling Stone, the NBC news magazine First Tuesday and Joplin's publicist-turned-biographer Myra Friedman. The parents later moved from Port Arthur, Texas to New Mexico where they were left alone until the early 1990s when Ellis Amburn got one last short interview with Mrs. Joplin, by then a widow. She told Amburn that Friedman had done a lousy job in the first segment of her book about Janis in Port Arthur, and it made her laugh.

Legacy

Joplin is now remembered best for her powerful and distinctive voice — her rasping, overtone-rich sound diverged significantly from the soft folk and jazz-influenced styles that were common among many white artists at the time. To many, she personified that period of the Sixties when the San Francisco sound, along with (then considered) outlandish dress and lifestyles, jolted the rest of the country via magazines and television. Many Joplin fans remember her appearances on The Dick Cavett Show with an obviously delighted Cavett.

Joplin's contributions to the rock idiom were long overlooked, but her importance is now becoming more widely appreciated, thanks in part to the recent release of the long-unreleased documentary film, Festival Express. Joplin's vocal style, her flamboyant dress, her outspokenness and sense of humour, her liberated stance (politically and sexually) and her hard-living image all combined to create an entirely new kind of female persona in rock and challenged prescriptive gender stereotypes.

Joplin followed the precedent set by her white male counterparts in adopting the image, repertoire and performance style of black blues and rhythm & blues artists, both male and female. Alongside Grace Slick of Jefferson Airplane, she also pioneered an entirely new range of expression for white women in the previously male-dominated world of post-Beatles rock.

Her body decoration with a wristlet and a small heart on her left breast, by the San Francisco tattoo artist Lyle Tuttle, is taken as a seminal moment in the tattoo revolution and was an early moment in the popular culture's acceptance of tattoos as art. Another trademark was her flamboyant hair styles, often including colored streaks and accessories such as scarves, beads and feathers.

The 1979 film The Rose was allegedly based on Joplin's life. Midler earned an Academy Award nomination as Best Actress for her performance. In the late 1990s, the musical play Love, Janis was created with input from Janis' younger sister Laura and Big Brother guitarist Sam Andrew, with an aim to take it to Off-Broadway. Opening there in the summer of 2001 and scheduled for only a few weeks of performances, the show won acclaim and packed houses and was held over several times, the demanding role of the singing Janis attracting rock vocalists from relative unknowns to pop stars Laura Branigan and Beth Hart. A national tour followed. Gospel According to Janis, a biographical film starring Zooey Deschanel as Joplin was scheduled to begin shooting in early 2007 but was postponed indefinitely.

Not recognized by her hometown during her life, she was remembered much later. In 1988, her life and achievements were showcased and recognized in Port Arthur, Texas by the dedication of the Janis Joplin Memorial, with an original bronze, multi-image sculpture of Joplin by Douglas Clark.

Joplin was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, and received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005.

Discography

Janis Joplin & Jorma Kaukonen

• The Typewriter Tape (1964, bootleg recording)

Big Brother and the Holding Company

• Big Brother & the Holding Company (1967, Mainstream Records)
• Big Brother & the Holding Company (1967?, Columbia) Contains 2 extra single tracks.
• Big Brother & the Holding Company (1967, CD 1999 Columbia Legacy CK66425) Contains 2 extra single tracks.
• Cheap Thrills (1968, Columbia)
• Cheap Thrills (1968, CD 1999 Legacy CK65784) Contains 4 extra tracks.
• Live at Winterland '68 (1998, Columbia Legacy)

Kozmic Blues Band

• I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama! (1969, Columbia)
• I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama! (1969, CD 1999 Legacy CK65785) Contains 3 extra tracks.

Full Tilt Boogie

• Pearl (posthumous 1971, Columbia)
• Pearl (posthumous 1971, CD unknown date Columbia CD64188)
• Pearl (posthumous 1971, CD 1999 Legacy CK65786) Contains 4 extra tracks.
• Pearl (posthumous 1971, 2CD 2005 Legacy COL 515134 2) CD1 contains 6 other extra tracks, CD2 contains a full selection from The Festival Express Tour, from all 3 venues.

Big Brother & the Holding Company / Full Tilt Boogie

• In Concert (1972, Legacy CK65786)

Later collections

• Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits (1973, Columbia)
• Janis (2 discs 1975, Columbia Legacy)
• Anthology (1980)
• Farewell Song (1983)
• Cheaper Thrills (1984)
• Janis (3 discs 1993, Columbia Legacy)
• 18 Essential Songs (1995, Columbia Legacy)
• The Collection (1995)
• Live at Woodstock: August 19, 1969 (1999)
• Box of Pearls (1999, Sony Legacy)
• Super Hits (2000)
• Love, Janis (2001)

In Popular Culture

• The last verse of Don McLean's 1971 folk-rock song "American Pie" is believed to be referring to Joplin, when it says: "I met a girl who sang the blues, and I asked her for some happy news. She just smiled and turned away..."
• The Mamas and Papas wrote a song about Janis Joplin entitled "Pearl", and released it as part of their 1971 album, People Like Us.
• Joplin's premature death is the subject of Dory Previn's song "A Stone for Bessie Smith", which appears on Previn's 1971 album Mythical Kings and Iguanas. The lyric sheet of this record refers to a televised conversation between Joplin and actress Gloria Swanson.
• According to the Tenth Doctor from Doctor Who, she (Joplin) gave him his brown Mac. This was revealed in the episode "Gridlock".
• Janis Joplin is a central character in Michael Swanwick's 1981 Nebula nominated novelette Feast of Saint Janis, where one of her performances is central to a dystopic United States of America.
• "Birdsong" by Jerry Garcia and Robert Hunter, which appeared on Garcia's eponymous 1972 studio album, was written about Janis Joplin.
• "Hollywood", a track on Jay-Z's album Kingdom Come, includes the line "Heroin's following Marilyn hopping over the edge. It's like Janis Joplin, River Phoenix, Jimi Hendrix, Jim Morrison all them ended by Hollywood".
• Joplin is mentioned in the book Small Steps by Louis Sachar.
• Joplin's track "Ball & Chain" is heavily sampled in the 1990 Italian house record "JJ Tribute" by "A.S.H.A".

See also

• Music of Austin
• List of number-one hits (United States)
• List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)

Further reading

• Amburn, Ellis. (1992). Pearl: The Obsessions and Passions of Janis Joplin: A Biography. NY. Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-39506-4.
• Dalton, David (1991). "Piece of my Heart: A Portrait of Janis Joplin". NY. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80446-8.
• Echols, Alice. (1999). Scars of Sweet Paradise: The Life and Times of Janis Joplin. NY. Henry Holt. ISBN 0-8050-5394-8.
• Friedman, Myra. (1992). Buried Alive: The Biography of Janis Joplin. NY. Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-58650-9.
• Joplin, Laura. (1992). Love, Janis. NY. Villard Books. ISBN 1-888358-08-4.
• Stieven-Taylor, Alison (2007). Rock Chicks:The Hottest Female Rockers from the 1960’s to Now. SYD. Rockpool Publishing. ISBN 9781921295065

External links

• Website by the Joplin estate
• Janis Joplin's Kozmic Blues - janisjoplin.net
• Canadian Classic Rock Page: The Full Tilt Boogie Band
• Janis Joplin at Find-A-Grave
• Janis Joplin biography at Fyne Times
• Biography at The Handbook of Texas Online
• JohnGilmore.com: Spotlight on Janis Joplin
• Janis Joplin Yahoo-Music Website (incl. biography by Richie Unterberger)
• Janis Joplin – Museum of the Gulf Coast, Port Arthur, Texas
• In Memoriam Janis Joplin (German)
• Janis Joplin's various musicians and bands
• Janis Joplin: a list of unofficial recordings and tracks
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• Janis Joplin at the 1968 Newport Folk Festival Twelve photographs of Janis Joplin in performance by Bruce Jackson.
• Janis Joplin en Español (Spanish)