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In its advanced stages, infection by [[2019-nCoV]] can cause [[pneumonia]] and [[kidney failure]].
In its advanced stages, infection by [[2019-nCoV]] can cause [[pneumonia]] and [[kidney failure]].

=== Treatment research ===
{{2019-20_Wuhan_coronavirus_data/Treatments given}}
<!-- This is not an article on the syndrome caused by 2019-nCoV, so please refrain from adding additional information on symptoms or effects here.
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The disease caused by 2019-nCoV has been temporarily designated "[[2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease]]" by the WHO.<ref>{{cite report | title = Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Situation Report - 10 (30 January 2020) | date = 30 January 2020 | url = https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200130-sitrep-10-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=d0b2e480_2 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131005409/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200130-sitrep-10-ncov.pdf | archive-date=31 January 2020 | access-date = 30 January 2020 | lay-url = https://reliefweb.int/report/china/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-situation-report-10-30-january-2020}}</ref> No specific treatment verified by medical research standards (in the sense of [[systematic review]]s of [[peer review]]ed [[randomized controlled trial|randomized controlled]] [[clinical trial]]s) is available {{as of|2020|02|lc=yes}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Georgiadis |first1=Philip |title=WHO plays down reports of virus treatment |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2fa45492-d59d-3038-b4f5-631fdecb3b46 |accessdate=5 February 2020 |work=Financial Times}}</ref>, so treatment is focused on [[Symptomatic treatment|alleviation of symptoms]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected|title=Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=3 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131032122/https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected|archive-date=31 January 2020}}</ref> which may include [[fever]], [[dry cough]], and [[shortness of breath]].<ref name="Hui14Jan2020">{{vcite journal|authors=Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O, Ippolito G, Mchugh TD, Memish ZA, Drosten C, Zumla A, Petersen E|title=The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China|journal=Int J Infect Dis|year=2020 Jan 14|volume=91|issue=|pages=264–266|pmid=31953166|doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009}}{{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=27 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120174649/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|archive-date=20 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Multiple lines of [[exploratory research]] into potential treatments for the disease were initiated in January 2020.<ref>Lu H. Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). ''Biosci Trends''. 28 Jan 2020. {{doi|10.5582/bst.2020.01020}}</ref> The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention started testing existing pneumonia treatments for efficacy in treating coronavirus-related pneumonia in late January.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/26/c_138734908.htm|title=China CDC developing novel coronavirus vaccine|date=26 January 2020|website=Xinhua|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126201658/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/26/c_138734908.htm|archive-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Investigations into the effectiveness of existing [[antiviral drug|antivirals]],<ref name="thomreut_antivirals">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-pneumonia-who-idUSKBN1ZD16J|title=WHO says new China coronavirus could spread, warns hospitals worldwide|date=14 January 2020|agency=Reuters|access-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120175511/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-pneumonia-who-idUSKBN1ZD16J|archive-date=20 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> including [[Protease inhibitor (pharmacology)|protease inhibitors]] like [[indinavir]], [[saquinavir]] and [[lopinavir/ritonavir]] also started in late January.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/01/26/world/asia/26reuters-china-health-abbvie-hiv.html|title=China Testing HIV Drug as Treatment for New Coronavirus, AbbVie Says|date=26 January 2020|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201161816/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/01/26/world/asia/26reuters-china-health-abbvie-hiv.html|archive-date=1 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/flu-and-anti-hiv-drugs-show-efficacy-against-coronavirus-67052/amp|title=Flu and HIV Drugs Show Efficacy Against Coronavirus &#124; The Scientist Magazine®|website=www.the-scientist.com}}</ref> Examination of the RNA polymerase inhibitor [[remdesivir]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Anti-novel coronavirus drug under clinical trial: official |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/03/c_138753133.htm |accessdate=3 February 2020 |work=Xinhuanet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203122344/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/03/c_138753133.htm |archive-date=3 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.27.921627v1|title=Nelfinavir was predicted to be a potential inhibitor of 2019 nCov main protease by an integrative approach combining homology modelling, molecular docking and binding free energy calculation |first1=Zhijian|last1=Xu|first2=Cheng|last2=Peng|first3=Yulong|last3=Shi|first4=Zhengdan|last4=Zhu|first5=Kaijie|last5=Mu|first6=Xiaoyu|last6=Wang|first7=Weiliang|last7=Zhu|date=28 January 2020|journal=bioRxiv|pages=2020.01.27.921627|via=www.biorxiv.org|doi=10.1101/2020.01.27.921627}}</ref><ref name=Pau2020>{{cite journal |last1=Paules |first1=Catharine I. |last2=Marston |first2=Hilary D. |last3=Fauci |first3=Anthony S. |title=Coronavirus Infections—More Than Just the Common Cold |journal=JAMA |date=23 January 2020 |doi=10.1001/jama.2020.0757|pmid=31971553 }}</ref> [[interferon beta]],<ref name=Pau2020 /> and previously identified [[monoclonal antibodies]] (mAbs) as possible treatments also started around the same period.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/coronavirus-vir-biotechnology-novavax-vaccine/|title=Coronavirus: Vir Biotechnology and Novavax announce vaccine plans-GB|access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref> Researchers from the [[Norwegian University of Science and Technology]] (NTNU) have created a database with 120 safe-in-man broad-spectrum antiviral agents and identified 31 drug candidates for treatment of 2019-nCoV.<ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Andersen PI, Ianevski A, Lysvand H, Vitkauskiene A, Oksenych V, Bjoras M, Telling K, Lutsar I, Dumpis U, Irie Y, Tenson T | | title = Discovery and Development of Safe-in-Man Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents | journal=Preprints |volume=0 |issue=0 |pages=null |doi=10.20944/preprints201910.0144.v4}}</ref>

In late January 2020, Chinese medical researchers expressed an intent to start clinical testing on remdesivir, [[chloroquine]], and lopinavir/ritonavir, all of which seemed to have "fairly good inhibitory effects" on 2019-nCoV at the cellular level in [[exploratory research]].<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Zhao | first1 =Yuning | name-list-format = vanc | title= Three drugs fairly effective on novel coronavirus at cellular level | newspaper= [[China News Service]] |date =2020-01-30 | url = http://www.ecns.cn/news/society/2020-01-30/detail-ifztewca0589338.shtml | access-date = 2020-02-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200129214909/http://www.ecns.cn/news/society/2020-01-30/detail-ifztewca0589338.shtml |archive-date= 2020-01-29 |url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped --> |url-access = <!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref> On 2 February 2020, doctors in Thailand claimed to have treated a patient successfully with a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and the [[influenza]] drug [[oseltamivir]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3048629/coronavirus-thailand-has-apparent-treatment-success|title=Coronavirus: Thailand has apparent treatment success with antiviral drug cocktail|date=2 February 2020|access-date=3 February 2020|publisher=[[South China Morning Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202193022/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3048629/coronavirus-thailand-has-apparent-treatment-success|archive-date=2 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-thailand-idUSKBN1ZW0GQ|title=Cocktail of flu, HIV drugs appears to help fight coronavirus: Thai doctors|date=2020-02-03|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-02-05|language=en}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:27, 5 February 2020

2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The name "2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease" is a temporary designation from the World Health Organization (WHO).[1]

No specific treatment verified by medical research standards (in the sense of systematic reviews of peer reviewed randomized controlled clinical trials) is available as of February 2020,[2] so treatment is focused on alleviation of symptoms,[3] which may include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath.[4][5]

In its advanced stages, infection by 2019-nCoV can cause pneumonia and kidney failure.

Treatment research

Treatments for 2019-nCoV at Wuhan
Jinyintan Hospital, 2020 January[6] (
)
Oxygen therapy 75 76%
Antivirals 75 76%
Antibiotics 70 71%
Intravenous immunoglobulin 27 27%
Glucocorticoids 19 19%
Mechanical ventilation 17 17%
Antifungals 15 15%
CRRT 9 9%
ECMO 3 3%
Patients n=99. "Treatment" refers to palliative care
intended to ease symptoms and fight complications.

The disease caused by 2019-nCoV has been temporarily designated "2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease" by the WHO.[7] No specific treatment verified by medical research standards (in the sense of systematic reviews of peer reviewed randomized controlled clinical trials) is available as of February 2020[8], so treatment is focused on alleviation of symptoms,[9] which may include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath.[4][10]

Multiple lines of exploratory research into potential treatments for the disease were initiated in January 2020.[11] The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention started testing existing pneumonia treatments for efficacy in treating coronavirus-related pneumonia in late January.[12] Investigations into the effectiveness of existing antivirals,[13] including protease inhibitors like indinavir, saquinavir and lopinavir/ritonavir also started in late January.[14][15] Examination of the RNA polymerase inhibitor remdesivir,[16][17][18] interferon beta,[18] and previously identified monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as possible treatments also started around the same period.[19] Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) have created a database with 120 safe-in-man broad-spectrum antiviral agents and identified 31 drug candidates for treatment of 2019-nCoV.[20]

In late January 2020, Chinese medical researchers expressed an intent to start clinical testing on remdesivir, chloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir, all of which seemed to have "fairly good inhibitory effects" on 2019-nCoV at the cellular level in exploratory research.[21] On 2 February 2020, doctors in Thailand claimed to have treated a patient successfully with a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and the influenza drug oseltamivir.[22][23]

References

  1. ^ Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Situation Report - 10 (30 January 2020) (PDF) (Report). World Health Organization (WHO). 30 January 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |lay-url= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Georgiadis, Philip. "WHO plays down reports of virus treatment". Financial Times. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  3. ^ "Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  4. ^ a b Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O, Ippolito G, Mchugh TD, Memish ZA, Drosten C, Zumla A, Petersen E. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 14;91:264–266. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009. PMID 31953166.Open access icon
  5. ^ "Q&A on coronaviruses". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  6. ^ Chen, Nanshan; Zhou, Min; Dong, Xuan; Qu, Jieming; Gong, Fengyun; Han, Yang; Qiu, Yang; Wang, Jingli; Liu, Ying; Wei, Yuan; Xia, Jia'an; Yu, Ting; Zhang, Xinxin; Zhang, Li (30 January 2020). "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study". The Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
  7. ^ Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Situation Report - 10 (30 January 2020) (PDF) (Report). World Health Organization (WHO). 30 January 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |lay-url= ignored (help)
  8. ^ Georgiadis, Philip. "WHO plays down reports of virus treatment". Financial Times. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  9. ^ "Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  10. ^ "Q&A on coronaviruses". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  11. ^ Lu H. Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Biosci Trends. 28 Jan 2020. doi:10.5582/bst.2020.01020
  12. ^ "China CDC developing novel coronavirus vaccine". Xinhua. 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  13. ^ "WHO says new China coronavirus could spread, warns hospitals worldwide". Reuters. 14 January 2020. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  14. ^ "China Testing HIV Drug as Treatment for New Coronavirus, AbbVie Says". The New York Times. 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  15. ^ "Flu and HIV Drugs Show Efficacy Against Coronavirus | The Scientist Magazine®". www.the-scientist.com.
  16. ^ "Anti-novel coronavirus drug under clinical trial: official". Xinhuanet. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  17. ^ Xu, Zhijian; Peng, Cheng; Shi, Yulong; Zhu, Zhengdan; Mu, Kaijie; Wang, Xiaoyu; Zhu, Weiliang (28 January 2020). "Nelfinavir was predicted to be a potential inhibitor of 2019 nCov main protease by an integrative approach combining homology modelling, molecular docking and binding free energy calculation". bioRxiv: 2020.01.27.921627. doi:10.1101/2020.01.27.921627 – via www.biorxiv.org.
  18. ^ a b Paules, Catharine I.; Marston, Hilary D.; Fauci, Anthony S. (23 January 2020). "Coronavirus Infections—More Than Just the Common Cold". JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0757. PMID 31971553.
  19. ^ "Coronavirus: Vir Biotechnology and Novavax announce vaccine plans-GB". Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  20. ^ Andersen PI, Ianevski A, Lysvand H, Vitkauskiene A, Oksenych V, Bjoras M, Telling K, Lutsar I, Dumpis U, Irie Y, Tenson T. "Discovery and Development of Safe-in-Man Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents". Preprints. 0 (0): null. doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0144.v4. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  21. ^ Zhao, Yuning (2020-01-30). "Three drugs fairly effective on novel coronavirus at cellular level". China News Service. Archived from the original on 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2020-02-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ "Coronavirus: Thailand has apparent treatment success with antiviral drug cocktail". South China Morning Post. 2 February 2020. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  23. ^ "Cocktail of flu, HIV drugs appears to help fight coronavirus: Thai doctors". Reuters. 2020-02-03. Retrieved 2020-02-05.

See also

  • 2019-nCoV – Coronavirus discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan
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