Treaty of Basel (1499): Difference between revisions
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[[File:Peace of Basel 1499 Negotiations.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Negotiations for the Treaty of Basel in 1499 at the end of the [[Swabian War]]. The [[Milan]]ese envoy [[Galeazzo Visconti (envoy)|Galeazzo Visconti]] presents his peace proposals to the delegation of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I]] at the city hall of [[Basel]]. A delegate from [[Lucerne]] (front left, in the blue-white dress) translates.]] |
[[File:Peace of Basel 1499 Negotiations.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Negotiations for the Treaty of Basel in 1499 at the end of the [[Swabian War]]. The [[Milan]]ese envoy [[Galeazzo Visconti (envoy)|Galeazzo Visconti]] presents his peace proposals to the delegation of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I]] at the city hall of [[Basel]]. A delegate from [[Lucerne]] (front left, in the blue-white dress) translates.]] |
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The '''Treaty of Basel''' of 22 September 1499 was an armistice following the [[Battle of Dornach]], concluding the [[Swabian War]], fought between the [[Swabian League]] and the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]].<ref name="History of Switzerland">{{cite book |last1=Oechsli |first1=Wilhelm |last2=Paul |first2=Eden |authorlink2=Eden Paul |last3=Paul |first3=Cedar |authorlink3=Cedar Paul |title=History of Switzerland, 1499-1914 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oS1pAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Galeazzo%20visconti%22%201499&pg=PA26#v=onepage&q=%22Galeazzo%20visconti%22%201499&f=false |accessdate=November 6, 2010 |type=1922 |series=Cambridge historical series. Ed. by [[George Walter Prothero|Sir G.W. Prothero]] |year=1922 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press|University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge]] |oclc=2884964 |page=26 |chapter=III, Mercenary Campaigns in Italy |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=oS1pAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA23#v=onepage&f=false }}</ref> The accession of [[Basel]] to the confederacy in 1501 is a direct consequence of the treaty. |
The '''Treaty of Basel''' of 22 September 1499 was an armistice following the [[Battle of Dornach]], concluding the [[Swabian War]], fought between the [[Swabian League]] and the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]].<ref name="History of Switzerland">{{cite book |last1=Oechsli |first1=Wilhelm |last2=Paul |first2=Eden |authorlink2=Eden Paul |last3=Paul |first3=Cedar |authorlink3=Cedar Paul |title=History of Switzerland, 1499-1914 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oS1pAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Galeazzo%20visconti%22%201499&pg=PA26#v=onepage&q=%22Galeazzo%20visconti%22%201499&f=false |accessdate=November 6, 2010 |type=1922 |series=Cambridge historical series. Ed. by [[George Walter Prothero|Sir G.W. Prothero]] |year=1922 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press|University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge]] |oclc=2884964 |page=26 |chapter=III, Mercenary Campaigns in Italy |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=oS1pAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA23#v=onepage&f=false }}</ref> The accession of [[Basel]] to the confederacy in 1501 is a direct consequence of the treaty. |
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In 19th-century [[Swiss historiography]], the treaty was presented as an important step towards ''de-facto'' independence of the Swiss Confederacy from the Holy Roman Empire. |
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In the words of [[Wilhelm Oechsli]] (1890), the treaty represented "the recognition of Swiss indepdendence by Germany". |
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This view has come to be viewed as untenable in 20th-century literature (Sigrist 1949, Mommsen 1958), as there is no indication that the leaders of the Confederacy at the time had any desire to distance themselves from the Confederacy. Nevertheless, the Confederacy was substantially strengthened as a polity within the empire by the treaty, and an immediate consequence of this was the accession of [[Basel]] and [[Schaffhausen]] in 1501, completing the period of expansion (1481–1501) from the late medieval [[Eight Cantons]] to the early modern [[Thirteen Cantons]].<ref>{{HLS|8892|title=Basel, Frieden von (1499)|author=Claudius Sieber-Lehmann|date=2004}} |
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"Obwohl weder die Wormser Beschlüsse von 1495 noch die Weigerung der Eidgenossen, diesen nachzukommen, erw. sind, sah die ältere schweiz. Historiografie im Frieden von B. einen Wendepunkt im Verhältnis zwischen Eidgenossenschaft und Reich; nach Wilhelm Oechsli wurde damals die "Unabhängigkeit der Schweiz von Seiten Deutschlands" (1890) anerkannt. Diese Meinung gilt heute als widerlegt. Die Berichte des Gesandten Solothurns von den Verhandlungen in B. zeigen vielmehr, dass die Eidgenossen wünschten, "gnedeclich wider zum Rich" gelassen zu werden. Bis ins 17. Jh. hielten die eidg. Orte an ihrer Zugehörigkeit zum Reich fest und waren z.B. bereit, für die Türkenkriege Truppen zu stellen oder Geld für den gleichen Zweck zu bezahlen. Die Konflikte mit dem Haus Österreich und der eidg. Widerstand gegen eine wachsende "Verdichtung" der "offenen" Reichsverfassung (Peter Moraw) schmälerten in der Eidgenossenschaft noch bis weit in die Frühneuzeit nicht das Ansehen des Reichs als oberster Schutzmacht der Christenheit.</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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*H. Sigrist, «Zur Interpretation des Basler Friedens von 1499», in Schweiz. Beitr. zur Allg. Gesch. 7, 1949, 153-155 |
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*K. Mommsen, Eidgenossen, Kaiser und Reich, 1958, 11-16 |
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*P. Moraw, «Reich, König und Eidgenossen im späten MA», in JHGL 4, 1986, 15-33 |
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[[Category:1499 in law]] |
[[Category:1499 in law]] |
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Revision as of 06:48, 25 August 2016
The Treaty of Basel of 22 September 1499 was an armistice following the Battle of Dornach, concluding the Swabian War, fought between the Swabian League and the Old Swiss Confederacy.[1] The accession of Basel to the confederacy in 1501 is a direct consequence of the treaty.
In 19th-century Swiss historiography, the treaty was presented as an important step towards de-facto independence of the Swiss Confederacy from the Holy Roman Empire. In the words of Wilhelm Oechsli (1890), the treaty represented "the recognition of Swiss indepdendence by Germany". This view has come to be viewed as untenable in 20th-century literature (Sigrist 1949, Mommsen 1958), as there is no indication that the leaders of the Confederacy at the time had any desire to distance themselves from the Confederacy. Nevertheless, the Confederacy was substantially strengthened as a polity within the empire by the treaty, and an immediate consequence of this was the accession of Basel and Schaffhausen in 1501, completing the period of expansion (1481–1501) from the late medieval Eight Cantons to the early modern Thirteen Cantons.[2]
See also
References
- ^ Oechsli, Wilhelm; Paul, Eden; Paul, Cedar (1922). "III, Mercenary Campaigns in Italy". History of Switzerland, 1499-1914 (1922). Cambridge historical series. Ed. by Sir G.W. Prothero. Cambridge: University Press. p. 26. OCLC 2884964. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Claudius Sieber-Lehmann: Treaty of Basel (1499) in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2004.Error in template * unknown parameter name (Template:HDS): "title" "Obwohl weder die Wormser Beschlüsse von 1495 noch die Weigerung der Eidgenossen, diesen nachzukommen, erw. sind, sah die ältere schweiz. Historiografie im Frieden von B. einen Wendepunkt im Verhältnis zwischen Eidgenossenschaft und Reich; nach Wilhelm Oechsli wurde damals die "Unabhängigkeit der Schweiz von Seiten Deutschlands" (1890) anerkannt. Diese Meinung gilt heute als widerlegt. Die Berichte des Gesandten Solothurns von den Verhandlungen in B. zeigen vielmehr, dass die Eidgenossen wünschten, "gnedeclich wider zum Rich" gelassen zu werden. Bis ins 17. Jh. hielten die eidg. Orte an ihrer Zugehörigkeit zum Reich fest und waren z.B. bereit, für die Türkenkriege Truppen zu stellen oder Geld für den gleichen Zweck zu bezahlen. Die Konflikte mit dem Haus Österreich und der eidg. Widerstand gegen eine wachsende "Verdichtung" der "offenen" Reichsverfassung (Peter Moraw) schmälerten in der Eidgenossenschaft noch bis weit in die Frühneuzeit nicht das Ansehen des Reichs als oberster Schutzmacht der Christenheit.
- H. Sigrist, «Zur Interpretation des Basler Friedens von 1499», in Schweiz. Beitr. zur Allg. Gesch. 7, 1949, 153-155
- K. Mommsen, Eidgenossen, Kaiser und Reich, 1958, 11-16
- P. Moraw, «Reich, König und Eidgenossen im späten MA», in JHGL 4, 1986, 15-33
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