List of Indian monarchs

The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several lists of incumbents.

Early mythical and later documented rulers and dynasties who are deemed to have ruled a portion of the Indian subcontinent are included in this list.

Magadha dynasties (c. 1700 BC – 550 AD)

Brihadratha Dynasty (c. 1700–799 BC)

• Trigarta Dynasty
• Susharma Chand
• Porus
• Brihadratha
• Jarasandha
• Sahadeva
• Somapi (1678–1618 BC)
• Srutasravas (1618–1551 BC)
• Ayutayus (1551–1515 BC)
• Niramitra (1515–1415 BC)
• Sukshatra (1415–1407 BC)
• Brihatkarman (1407–1384 BC)
• Senajit (1384–1361 BC)
• Srutanjaya (1361–1321 BC)
• Vipra (1321–1296 BC)
• Suchi (1296–1238 BC)
• Kshemya (1238–1210 BC)
• Subrata (1210–1150 BC)
• Dharma (1150–1145 BC)
• Susuma (1145–1107 BC)
• Dridhasena (1107–1059 BC)
• Sumati (1059–1026 BC)
• Subhala (1026–1004 BC)
• Sunita (1004–964 BC)
• Satyajit (964–884 BC)
• Biswajit (884–849 BC)
• Ripunjaya (849–799 BC)

Trigarta (Trigart Raje) Dynasty (BC unknown)

• Katoch Clan Kings & Emperors
• Jaswal Clan Kings & Emperors
• Guleria Clan Kings & Emperors
• Sibaia Clan Kings & Emperors
• Dadwal Clan rulers

Pradyota dynasty (799–684 BC)

• Pradyota
• Palaka
• Visakhayupa
• Ajaka
• Varttivarddhana

Haryanka dynasty/Shishunaga dynasty (684–424 BC)

• Bimbisara (544–491 BC), founder of the first Magadhan empire
• Ajatashatru (491–461 BC)
• Udayin
• Anirudha
• Mund
• Darshaka (from 461 BC)
• Nagdashak (last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty)
• Shishunaga (412–344 BC), established the Magadha Kingdom
• Kakavarna
• Kshemadharman
• Kshatraujas
• Nandivardhana
• Mahanandin (until 424 BC), his empire was inherited by his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda

Nanda Dynasty (424–321 BC)

• Mahapadma Nanda (from 424 BC), illegitimate son of Mahanandin, founded the Nanda Empire after inheriting Mahanandin's empire
• Pandhukananda
• Panghupatinanda
• Bhutapalananda
• Rashtrapalananada
• Govishanakananda
• Dashasidkhakananda
• Kaivartananda
• Dhananand (Agrammes, Xandrammes) (until 321 BC), lost his empire to Chandragupta Maurya after being defeated by him.
• Karvinatha Nand (Illegitimate son of Mahapadna Nanda)

The nine kings were contemporary and brothers, called the Nava Nandas (nine Nandas), ruling at different parts of Magadh (present Bihar state of India) headed by the strongest ruler of all the then 14 Janpads (Kingdoms) of India; Dhananand.

Maurya Dynasty (324–184 BC)

• Chandragupta Maurya (Chandragupta Maurya the Great) (Sandrakottos) (322–298 BC), founded the Mauryan Empire after defeating both the Nanda Empire and the Macedonian Seleucid Empire defeating strategically Alexander the Great, claimed descent from the Shakya dynasty, the first emperor of India who unified most of northern India.
• Bindusara Amitraghata (298–273 BC)
• Ashoka Vardhana (Ashoka the Great) (273–232 BC), considered the greatest ancient Indian emperor, first emperor to unify India (after conquering most of South Asia and Afghanistan), adopted Buddhism, granted animal rights and promoted non-violence
• Dasaratha (232–224 BC)
• Samprati (224–215 BC)
• Salisuka (215–202 BC)
• Devavarman (202–195 BC)
• Satadhanvan (195–187 BC), the Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
• Brhadratha (187–184 BC), assassinated by Pushyamitra Shunga

Shunga Dynasty (185–73 BC)

• Pushyamitra Shunga (185–149 BC), founded the dynasty after assassinating Brhadratha
• Agnimitra (149–141 BC), son and successor of Pushyamitra
• Vasujyeshtha (141–131 BC)
• Vasumitra (131–124 BC)
• Andhraka (124–122 BC)
• Pulindaka (122–119 BC)
• Ghosha
• Vajramitra
• Bhagabhadra (c. 110 BC), mentioned by the Puranas
• Devabhuti (83–73 BC), the last Sunga king

Kanva Dynasty (73–26 BC)

• Vasudeva (c. 75 – c. 66 BCE)
• Bhumimitra (c. 66 – c. 52 BCE)
• Narayana (c. 52 – c. 40 BCE)
• Susarman (c. 40 – c. 26 BCE)

Western Kshatrapas (35–405 AD)

• Nahapana (119–124 AD)
• Castanafl (c. 120)
• Rudradaman I (c. 130–150)
• Damajadasri I (170–175)
• Jivadaman (175, d. 199)
• Rudrasimha I (175–188, d. 197)
• Isvaradatta (188–191)
• Rudrasimha I (restored) (191–197)
• Jivadaman (restored) (197–199)
• Rudrasena I (200–222)
• Samghadaman (222–223)
• Damasena (223–232)
• Damajadasri II (232–239) with
• Viradaman (234–238)
• Yasodaman I (239-240)
• Yasodaman II (240)
• Vijayasena (240–250)
• Damajadasri III (251–255)
• Rudrasena II (255–277)
• Visvasimha (277–282)
• Bhartridaman (282–295) with
• Visvasena (293–304)
• Rudrasimha II (304–348) with
• Yasodaman II (317–332)
• Rudradaman II (332–348)
• Rudrasena III (348–380)
• Simhasena (380–?)

Gupta Dynasty (c. 240–550 AD)

• Sri-Gupta I (c. 240–290), founder of the Gupta Dynasty
• Ghatotkacha (290–305)
• Chandra Gupta I (305–335), founder of the Gupta Empire, which is often regarded as the golden age of Indian culture
• Samudra Gupta (Samudragupta the Great) (335–370). Reputed to have never lost a battle in his whole life.
• Rama Gupta (370–375)
• Chandra Gupta II (Chandragupta II the Great) (Chandragupta Vikramaditya) (375–415), son of Samudra Gupta, the Gupta Empire achieved its zenith under his reign, the Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hsien described Indian culture during his reign
• Kumara Gupta I (415–455)
• Skanda Gupta (455–467)
• Kumara Gupta II (467–477)
• Buddha Gupta (477–496)
• Chandra Gupta III (496–500)
• Vainya Gupta (500–515)
• Narasimha Gupta (515–530)
• Kumara Gupta III (530–540)
• Vishnu Gupta (c. 540–550)

Pandya Dynasty (c. 550 BC – 1345)

Central Pandya Dynasty (c. 550 BC – 1311 AD)

• Kadunkoen (c. 550–450 BC)
• Pandion (c. 50 BC – 50 AD), known as Pandion to Greeks and Romans

Early Pandyas

• Nedunj Cheliyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan )
• Pudappandiyan
• Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
• Nedunj Cheliyan II (Pasumpun Pandiyan)
• Nan Maran
• Nedunj Cheliyan III (Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan )
• Maran Valudi
• Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
• Ukkirap Peruvaluthi

First Empire

• Kadungon (c. 600–700 AD), revived the dynasty
• Maravarman Avani Culamani (590–620 AD)
• Cezhiyan Cendan (620–640 AD)
• Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (640–674 AD)
• Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (675–730 AD)
• Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasinga (730–765 AD)
• Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–790 AD)
• Rasasingan II (790–800 AD)
• Varagunan I (800–830 AD)
• Sirmara Srivallabha (830–862 AD)
• Varaguna II (862–880 AD)
• Parantaka Viranarayana (862–905 AD)
• Rajasima Pandian II (905–920 AD)

Pandyan Revival

• Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268), revived Pandyan glory, considered one of the greatest conquerors of Southern India
• Maravarman Sundara Pandyan
• Maravarman Kulasekaran I (1268–1308)
• Sundara Pandya (1308–1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother Vira Pandya over the throne
• Vira Pandya (1308–1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother of Sundara Pandya over the throne, Madurai was conquered by the Khilji dynasty

Pandalam Dynasty (c. 1200)

• Raja Rajasekhara (c. 1200–1500), descendant of the Pandya Dynasty, father of Ayyappan (often regarded as a Hindu deity)

Chera dynasty (c. 400 BC – 1314 AD)

Note that years are still highly disputed among the scholars, the given is only a version.

Ancient Chera Kings (c. 400 BC – 397 AD)

1. Udiyancheralatan
2. Antuvancheral
3. Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan (56–115 AD)
4. Cheran Chenkutuvan (from 115)
5. Palyanai Sel-Kelu Kuttuvan (115–130)
6. Poraiyan Kadungo (from 115)
7. Kalankai-Kanni Narmudi Cheral (115–140)
8. Vel-Kelu Kuttuvan (130–185)
9. Selvak-Kadungo (131–155)
10. Adukotpattu Cheralatan (140–178)
11. Kuttuvan Irumporai (178–185)
12. Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral (185–201)
13. Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral (201–241)
14. Ilamcheral Irumporai (241–257)
15. Perumkadungo (257–287)
16. Ilamkadungo (287–317)
17. Kanaikal Irumporai (367–397)

Kulashekhara Dynasty (1020–1314 AD)

1. Kulashekhara Varman (800–820 AD), also called Kulashekhara Alwar
2. Rajashekhara Varman (820–844 AD), also called Cheraman Perumal
3. Sthanu ravi Varman (844–885 AD), contemporary of Aditya Chola
4. Rama Varma Kulashekhara (885–917 AD)
5. Goda Ravi Varma (917–944 AD)
6. Indu Kotha Varma (944–962 AD)
7. Bhaskara Ravi Varman I (962–1019 AD)
8. Bhaskara Ravi Varman II (1019–1021 AD)
9. Vira Kerala (1021–1028 AD)
10. Rajasimha (1028–1043 AD)
11. Bhaskara Ravi Varman III (1043–1082 AD)
12. Rama Varman Kulashekhara (1090–1122 AD), also called Cheraman Perumal

• Ravi Varman Kulashekhara (c. 1250–1314), last of the Cheras

Chola Dynasty (c. 301 BC – 1279 AD)

Sangam Cholas (c. 300 BC – 240 AD)

• Ilamcetcenni (c. 301 BC)
• Karikala Chola (c. 270 BC)
• Nedunkilli (c. 150 AD)
• Nalankilli (c. 150 AD)
• Killivalavan (c. 200 AD)
• Perunarkilli (c. 300 AD)
• Kocengannan (c. 220 AD)

Chola Emperors (848–1279 AD)

• Vijayalaya Chola (848–881), founder of the Chola Empire
• Aditya (871–907)
• Parantaka I (907–955)
• Gandaraditya (950–957)
• Arinjaya (956–957)
• Parantaka Chola II (957–970)
• Uttama Chola (973–985)
• Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014), considered the greatest of all Cholas, expanded the Chola Empire overseas to Sri Lanka
• Rajendra Chola I (1012–1044), expanded the Chola Empire overseas to South-East Asia
• Rajadhiraja Chola I (1018–1054)
• Rajendra Chola II (1051–1063)
• Virarajendra Chola (1063–1070)
• Athirajendra Chola (1067–1070)
• Vikkrama Chola (1118–1135)
• Kulotunga Chola II (1133–1150)
• Rajaraja Chola II (1146–1163)
• Rajadiraja Chola II (1163–1178)
• Kulothunga Chola III (1178–1218)
• Rajaraja Chola III (1216–1256)
• Rajendra Chola III (1246–1279), last of the Cholas

Satavahana Dynasty (c. 230 BC – 199 AD)

• Simuka (c. 230–207 BC)
• Kanha (or Krishna) (207–189 BC)
• Satakarni I
• Hala (20–24 AD)
• Gautamiputra Satakarni (106–130)
• Vashishtiputra Pulumayi (130–158)
• Vashishtiputra Satakarni (c. 158–170)
• Sri Yajna Satakarni (c. 170–199)

Vakataka dynasty (250s–500s CE)

• Vindhyasakti (250–270)
• Pravarasena I (270–330)

The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch

• Rudrasena I (330–355)
• Prithvisena I (355–380)
• Rudrasena II (380–385)
• Divakarasena (385–400)
• Prabhavatigupta (fem.), Regent (385–405)
• Damodarasena (Pravarasena II) (400–440)
• Narendrasena (440–460)
• Prithvishena II (460–480)

The Vatsagulma branch

• Sarvasena (330–355)
• Vindhyasena (Vindhyashakti II) (355–400)
• Pravarasena II (400–415)
• Unknown (415–450)
• Devasena (450–475)
• Harishena (475–500)

Indo-Scythian rulers (c. 90 BC – 45 AD)

North-western India (c. 90 BC – 10 AD)

• Maues (c. 85–60 BC)
• Vonones (c. 75–65 BC)
• Spalahores (c. 75–65 BC)
• Spalarises (c. 60–57 BC)
• Azes I (c. 57–35 BC)
• Azilises (c. 57–35 BC)
• Azes II (c. 35–12 BC)
• Zeionises (c. 10 BC – 10 AD)
• Kharahostes (c. 10 BC – 10 AD)
• Hajatria
• Liaka Kusuluka, satrap of Chuksa
• Kusulaka Patika, satrap of Chuksa and son of Liaka Kusulaka

Mathura area (c. 20 BC – 20 AD)

• Hagamasha (satrap)
• Hagana (satrap)
• Rajuvula (Great Satrap) (c. 10 AD)
• Sodasa, son of Rajuvula

Apracharaja rulers (12 BC – 45 AD)

• Vijayamitra (12 BC – 15 AD)
• Itravasu (c. 20 AD)
• Aspavarma (15–45 AD)

Minor local rulers

• Bhadrayasha Niggas
• Mamvadi
• Arsakes

Indo-Parthian rulers (c. 21–100 AD)

• Gondophares I (c. 21–50)
• Abdagases I (c. 50–65)
• Satavastres (c. 60)
• Sarpedones (c. 70)
• Orthagnes (c. 70)
• Ubouzanes (c. 77)
• Sases or Gondophares II (c. 85)
• Abdagases II (c. 90)
• Pakores (c. 100)

Kushana Dynasty (80–225)

• Vima Takto (c. 80–105), alias Soter Megas or "Great Saviour."
• Vima Kadphises (c. 105–127), the first great Kushan emperor
• Kanishka I (127–147)
• Huvishka (c. 155–187)
• Vasudeva I (c. 191–225), the last of the great Kushan emperors
• Kanishka II (c. 227–247)
• Vāsishka (c. 247–265)
• Kanishka III (c. 268)
• Vasudeva II (c. 275–300)
• Shaka Kushan (300–350)
• Gadahara or minor kings

Pallava Dynasty (275–882)

Early Pallavas (275–355)

• Simha Varman I (275–300 or 315–345)
• Skanda Varman I (345–355)

Middle Pallavas (355–537)

• Visnugopa (350–355)
• Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
• Skanda Varman II 370–385)
• Vira Varman (385–400)
• Skanda Varman III (400–438)
• Simha Varman II (438–460)
• Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
• Nandi Varman I (480–500)
• Kumaravisnu II (c. 500–510)
• Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
• Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
• Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)

Later Pallavas (537–882)

• Simha Vishnu (537–570)
• Mahendra Varman I (571–630)
• Narasimha Varman I (Mamalla) (630–668)
• Mahendra Varman II (668–672)
• Paramesvara Varman I (672–700)
• Narasimha Varman II (Raja Simha) (700–728)
• Paramesvara Varman II (705–710)
• Nandi Varman II (Pallavamalla) (732–796)
• Thandi Varman (775–825)
• Nandi Varman III (825–869)
• Nirupathungan (869–882)
• Aparajitha Varman (882–901)

Kadambas of Banavasi (345–525 AD)

• Mayura Sharma (Varma) (345–365)
• Kangavarma (365–390)
• Bagitarha (390–415)
• Raghu (415–435)
• Kakusthavarma (435–455)
• Santivarma (455–460)
• Mrigeshavarma (460–480)
• Shivamandhativarma (480–485)
• Ravivarma (485–519)
• Harivarma (519–525)

Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (350–1024 AD)

• Konganivarma Madhava (350–370)
• Madhava II (370–390)
• Harivarman (390–410)
• Vishnugopa (410–430)
• Tadangala Madhava (430–466)
• Avinita (466–495)
• Durvinita (495–535)
• Mushkara (535–585)
• Srivikrama (585–635)
• Bhuvikarma (635–679)
• Shivamara I (679–725)
• Sripurusha (725–788)
• Shivamara II (788–816)
• Rajamalla I (817–853)
• Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869)
• Rajamalla II (870–907)
• Ereyappa Nitimarga II (907–919)
• Narasimhadeva (919–925)
• Rajamalla III (925–935)
• Butuga II (935–960)
• Takkolam in (949)
• Maruladeva (960–963)
• Marasimha III (963–974)
• Rajamalla IV (974–985)
• Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024)

Maitrakas of Vallabhi (470–776 CE)

• Bhatarka (c. 470–c. 492)
• Dharasena I (c. 493–c. 499)
• Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–c. 520)
• Dhruvasena I (c. 520–c. 550)
• Dharapatta (c. 550–c. 556)
• Guhasena (c. 556–c. 570)
• Dharasena II (c. 570–c. 595)
• Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–c. 615)
• Kharagraha I (c. 615–c. 626)
• Dharasena III (c. 626–c. 640)
• Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–c. 644)
• Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–c. 651)
• Dhruvasena III (c. 651–c. 656)
• Kharagraha II (c. 656–c. 662)
• Siladitya II (c. 662–?)
• Siladitya III
• Siladitya IV
• Siladitya V
• Siladitya VI
• Siladitya VII (c. 766–c. 776)

Chalukya Dynasty (543–1156)

Chalukyas of Badami (543–757)

• Pulakesi I (543–566)
• Kirtivarman I (566–597)
• Mangalesa (597–609)
• Pulakesi II (609–642)
• Vikramaditya I (655–680)
• Vinayaditya (680–696)
• Vijayaditya (696–733)
• Vikramaditya II (733–746)
• Kirtivarman II (746–757)

Chalukyas of Kalyani (973–1156)

• Tailapa Ahavamalla (973–997)
• Satyasraya Irivabedanga (997–1008)
• Vikramaditya V (1008–1014)
• Ayyana (1014–1015)
• Jayasimha II (1015–1042)
• Someshvara I (1042–1068)
• Someshvara II (1068–1076)
• Vikramaditya VI (1076–1127)
• Someshvara III (1127–1138)
• Jagadekamalla (1138–1151)
• Tailapa (1151–1156)
• Someshwara IV (1183–1189)

Shashanka dynasty (600–626)

• Shashanka (600–625), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal
• Manava (625–626), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardana and Bhaskarvarmana

Harsha dynasty (606–647)

• Harsha Vardhana (606–647), unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India

Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (650–1036 CE)

• Dadda I-II-III (650–750)
• Nagabhata I (750–780)
• Vatsaraja (780–800)
• Nagabhata II (800–833)
• Ramabhadra (833–836)
• Mihira Bhoja I (836–890)
• Mahendrapala I (890–910)
• Bhoj II (910–913)
• Mahipala I (913–944)
• Mahendrapala II (944–948)
• Devpala (948–954)
• Vinaykpala (954–955)
• Mahipala II (955–956)
• Vijaypala II (956–960)
• Rajapala (960–1018)
• Trilochanpala (1018–1027)
• Jasapala (Yashpala) (1024–1036)

Rashtrakutas of Manyaketha (735–982)

• Dantidurga (735–756)
• Krishna I (756–774)
• Govinda II (774–780)
• Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793)
• Govinda III (793–814)
• Amoghavarsha I (814–878)
• Krishna II Akalavarsha (878–914)
• Indra III (914–929)
• Amoghavarsha II (929–930)
• Govinda IV (930–935)
• Amoghavarsha III (934–939)
• Krishna III (939–967)
• Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972)
• Karka II Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973)
• Indra IV (973–982), only a claimer for the lost throne

Tomar's or Tuar's of Sthaneshwar and Indraprastha (736–1192 AD)

From Kshemak (last Tomar king of Indraprastha and direct descendant of Parikshit) to Anangpal I -

1. Kshemak
2. Shunkh (Kshemak's seat was usurped by his minister)
3. Tunga (took refuge in Southern India established small kingdom - River Tungbhadra named after him)
4. Abhanga
5. Javal
6. Gawal
7. Lorepind
8. Adangal
9. Ganmel
10. Nabhang
11. Chukkar
12. Tome
13. Dravidan Tomar
14. Drugya Tomar
15. Manbha Tomar
16. Karwal Tomar
17. Kalang Tomar, he was a local chieftain in Kurudesh (modern Haryana)
18. Anangpal I - re-established Tomar rule at what is now Delhi, the ancient capital of his ancestors. 736 AD – March- xx, ruled 18 years
19. Vasudev - 754–March - xx, ruled 19Y-1M-18D
20. Gangeya Tuar - 773–Apr.-18, ruled 21Y-3M-28D
21. Prithvimal - 794–Aug.-16, ruled 19Y-6M-19D
22. Jagdev or Jaydev - 814–Mar.-05, ruled 20Y-7M-28D
23. Narpal - 834–Nov.-03, ruled 14Y-4M-09D
24. Udaysangh - 849–Mar.-12, ruled 26Y-7M-11D
25. Jaidas - 875–Oct.-23, ruled 21Y-2M-13D
26. Vachhal/VrikshPal - 897–Jan.-01, ruled 22Y-3M-16D. There were many brothers / uncles of Vacchal Tuar
    1. Bacchdev, founded Bagor near Narnol and Bachera and Baghera near Thoda Ajmer
    2. Nagdeo s/o Karnpal Tuar and brother of Vachhal dev, founded Nagor and Nagda near Ajmer. Karndeo Tuar himself established Bahadurgarh near Alwar
    3. Krishnray s/o Karnpal Tuar, founded Kishangarh near Ajmer and Khas Ganj between Etah and Soron
    4. Nihal Ray s/o Karnpal Tuar, founded Narayanpur near Alwar
    5. Somasi s/o Karnpal Tuar, founded Ajabpur between present day Alwar and Jaipur
    6. Harpal s/o Karnpal Tuar, founded Harsola and Harsoli near Alwar
27. Pavak - 919–Apr.-22, ruled 21Y-6M-05D
28. Vihangpal - 940–Oct.-27, ruled 24Y-4M-04D
29. Tolpal - 961–Mar.-01, ruled 18Y-3M-15D
    1. Gopal - either another name of Gopal or ruled on his behalf for a while
30. Sulakshanpal - 979–Jun.-16, ruled 25Y-10M-10D
31. Jaipal Tuar - 1005–Apr.-26, ruled 25Y-10M-10D. - Fought with Raja Rangatdhwaj Rathore and lost sovereignty of Kannauj
    1. His younger brother Jhetpal Tuar captured Paithan and his descendants are called Pathania Rajputs
32. Kanvarpal/Kumara Pal Tuar - 1021–Aug.-29, ruled 29Y-9M-18D (Masud, grandson of Md. Gazni, captured Hansi briefly in 1038), ruled from Bari in Awadh, which was 3 days south of Kannauj
    1. His Rajya Purohit, the chief priest, was Indrachandra whose descendant was Ramchandra 'Rammya', Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya Hemu's nephew and General in his army
33. Anangpal II or AnekPal or Anaypal - 1051–Jun.-17, ruled 29Y-6M-18D (1052 inscription on the Iron pillar at Mahrauli), populated Delhi and built Lalkot or Old Fort of Delhi. A few known sons of Anangpal are given here, which tell us the extent of his dominions. From Hansi in north to Agra in south and from Ajmer in west to the Ganges in east, beyond which were the Katheria Rajputs rulers
    1. Bhumpal Tomar, younger son - 1081, Settled in Narwar area (Near Gwalior)
    2. Indrapal, founded Indra Garh
    3. Rangraj, founded two palaces by the name of Taragarh, one near Ajmer
    4. Achal Raj, founded Achner between Bharatpur and Agra
    5. Draupad, lived in Hansi
    6. Sisupal, founded Sirsa, Siswal (also called Sirsa Patan)
    7. Surajpal, Suraj Kund in Mehrauli Delhi was built by him
34. Tejpal - 1081–Jan.-05, ruled 24Y-1M-06D, founded Tejora between Gurgaon and Alwar
35. Mahipal/Junpal - 1105–Feb.-11, ruled 25Y-2M-23D
36. Dakatpal (Arkpal or Anangpal III) - 1151–Jul.-19, ruled until 1192 AD until the Capture of Delhi by Md. Ghori, titular head only, lost to Someshwar dev Chauhan of Ajmer in 1152 AD and married daughter to Chauhan king and thus became a feudatory of his Chauhan son in law and later his grandson Rai Pithora of Ajmer. Prithviraj Chauhan was proclaimed the heir of Tomar Kingdom in 1170 AD and his rule was 22Y-2M-16D
    1. Govindraj Tanwar fought for Prithviraj Chauhan and was killed in battle with Md Ghori

Pala dynasty (c. 750–1174)

Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine. Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:

	RC Majumdar (1971)	AM Chowdhury (1967)	BP Sinha (1977)	DC Sircar (1975–76)	D. K. Ganguly (1994)
Gopala I	750–770	756–781	755–783	750–775	750–774
Dharmapala	770–810	781–821	783–820	775–812	774–806
Devapala	810–c. 850	821–861	820–860	812–850	806–845
Mahendrapala	NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)				845–860
Shurapala I	Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I			850–858	860–872
Gopala II	NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.)
Vigrahapala I	850–853	861–866	860–865	858–60	872–873
Narayanapala	854–908	866–920	865–920	860–917	873–927
Rajyapala	908–940	920–952	920–952	917–952	927–959
Gopala III	940–957	952–969	952–967	952–972	959–976
Vigrahapala II	960–c. 986	969–995	967–980	972–977	976–977
Mahipala I	988–c. 1036	995–1043	980–1035	977–1027	977–1027
Nayapala	1038–1053	1043–1058	1035–1050	1027–1043	1027–1043
Vigrahapala III	1054–1072	1058–1075	1050–1076	1043–1070	1043–1070
Mahipala II	1072–1075	1075–1080	1076–1078/9	1070–1071	1070–1071
Shurapala II	1075–1077	1080–1082		1071–1072	1071–1072
Ramapala	1077–1130	1082–1124	1078/9–1132	1072–1126	1072–1126
Kumarapala	1130–1140	1124–1129	1132–1136	1126–1128	1126–1128
Gopala IV	1140–1144	1129–1143	1136–1144	1128–1143	1128–1143
Madanapala	1144–1162	1143–1162	1144–1161/62	1143–1161	1143–1161
Govindapala	1158–1162	NA	1162–1176 or 1158–1162	1161–1165	1161–1165
Palapala	NA	NA	NA	1165–1199	1165–1200

Note:

• Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
• AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty.
• According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of dates are possible.

Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 800–c. 1305)

• Upendra (c. 800–c. 818)
• Vairisimha I (c. 818–c. 843)
• Siyaka I (c. 843–c. 893)
• Vakpati (c. 893–c. 918)
• Vairisimha II (c. 918–c. 948)
• Siyaka II (c. 948–c. 974)
• Vakpatiraja (c. 974–c. 995)
• Sindhuraja (c. 995–c. 1010)
• Bhoja I (c. 1010–c. 1055)
• Jayasimha I (c. 1055–c. 1060)
• Udayaditya (c. 1060–c. 1087)
• Lakshmanadeva (c. 1087–c. 1097)
• Naravarman (c. 1097–c. 1134)
• Yasovarman (c. 1134–c. 1142)
• Jayavarman I (c. 1142–c. 1160)
• Vindhyavarman (c. 1160–c. 1193)
• Subhatavarman (c. 1193–c. 1210)
• Arjunavarman I (c. 1210–c. 1218)
• Devapala (c. 1218–c. 1239)
• Jaitugideva (c. 1239–c. 1256)
• Jayavarman II (c. 1256–c. 1269)
• Jayasimha II (c. 1269–c. 1274)
• Arjunavarman II (c. 1274–c. 1283)
• Bhoja II (c. 1283–?)
• Mahlakadeva (c. ?–c. 1305)

Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri (850–1334 AD)

• Dridhaprahara
• Seunachandra (850–874)
• Dhadiyappa (874–900)
• Bhillama I (900–925)
• Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
• Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
• Bhillama II (975–1005)
• Vesugi I (1005–1020)
• Bhillama III (1020–1055)
• Vesugi II (1055–1068)
• Bhillama III (1068)
• Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
• Airamadeva (1085–1115)
• Singhana I (1115–1145)
• Mallugi I (1145–1150)
• Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
• Govindaraja (1160)
• Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
• Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
• Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
• Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
• Singhana II (1200–1247)
• Kannara (1247–1261)
• Mahadeva (1261–1271)
• Amana (1271)
• Ramachandra (1271–1312)
• Singhana III (1312–1313)
• Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
• Mallugi III (1318–1334)

Roopak Dynasty (c. 890–895)

Brahmin Shahi Dynasty (c. 890–964)

• Lalliya (c. 890–895)
• Kamaluka (895–921)
• Bhima (921–964), son of Kamaluka

Janjua Shahi Dynasty (964–1026 AD)

• Jayapala (964–1001)
• Anandapala (1001–1011)
• Roopak (1011–1022)
• Bhímapála (1022–1026)

Hoysala Dynasty (1000–1346)

• Nripa Kama (1000–1045)
• Vinayaditya I (1045–1098)
• Ereyanga (1098–1100)
• Ballala (1100–1108)
• Vishnuvardhana (1108–1142)
• Narasimha I (1142–1173), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
• Ballala II (1173–1220)
• Narasimha II (1220–1235)
• Vira Someshwara (1235–1253)
• Narasimha III and Ramanatha (1253–1295)
• Ballala III (1295–1342)

Sena Empire Dynasty rule over Bengal (1070–1230 CE)

• Hemanta Sen (1070–1096)
• Vijay Sen (1096–1159)
• Ballal Sen (1159–1179)
• Lakshman Sen (1179–1206)
• Vishwarup Sen (1206–1225)
• Keshab Sen (1225–1230)

Eastern Ganga dynasty (1078–1434)

• Anantavarman Codaganga (1078–1147)
• Ananga Bhima Deva II (1170–1198)
• Anangabhima Deva III (1211–1238)
• Narasimha Deva I (1238–1264)
• Bhanu Deva I (1264–1279)
• Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)
• Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)
• Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)
• Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)
• Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)
• Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)

Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323 CE)

• Beta I (1000–1030)
• Prola I (1030–1075)
• Beta II (1075–1110)
• Prola II (1110–1158)
• Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195)
• Mahadeva (1195–1198). Brother of King Rudradeva
• Ganapathi deva (1199–1261)
• Rudrama devi (1262–1296)
• Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). Son of Queen Rudramba

Kalachuri (Southern) Dynasty (1130–1184)

• Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162 AD
• Sovideva (1168–1176)
• Mallugi → overthrown by his brother Sankama
• Sankama (1176–1180)
• Ahavamalla (1180–83)
• Singhana (1183–84)

Bana Dynasty rule over Magadaimandalam (c. 1190–1260 AD)

Kadava Dynasty (c. 1216–1279 AD)

• Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216 – 1242)
• Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243 – 1279)

The Muslim Rule (1206–1526)

Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)

Despite the name, the capital was repeatedly elsewhere than Delhi city, and not always near.

Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (1206–1290)

• Qutb-ud-din Aybak (1206–1210)
• Aram Shah (1210–1211)
• Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
• Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
• Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
• Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
• Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
• Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
• Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
• Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)

Khilji Dynasty (1290–1320)

• Jalal ud din Fir oz Khaliji (1290–1296), founder of the Khilji dynasty, defeated some invading Mongol armies
• Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316), considered the greatest of the Delhi Sultans, unified India and defeated a number of invading Mongol armies
• Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316–1320). The Delhi Sultanate had shrunk during his reign

Tughlaq Dynasty (1321–1414)

• Ghiyasu-Din Tughluq (1321–1325)
• Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325–1351)
• Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388)
• Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
• Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
• Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (1390–1394)
• Mahmud Nasir ud-Din (Sultan Mahmud) at Delhi (1394–1413)
• Nusrat Shah at Firozabad

Invasion of Timur in 1398 and the end of the Tughluq Dynasty as known earlier.

Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451)

• Khizr (1414–1421)
• Mubarik II (1421–1434)
• Muhamed IV (1434–1445)
• Alem I (1445–1451)

Lodi Dynasty (1451–1526)

• Bahlol Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
• Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)
• Ibrahim Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Delhi Sultanate with the Mughal Empire)

Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527)

• Ala ud din Bahman Shah (1347–1358), established his capital at Gulbarga
• Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)
• Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
• Daud Shah I (1378)
• Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
• Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
• Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
• Taj ud din Feroz Shah (1397–1422)
• Shahab ud din Ahmad Shah I (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar
• Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
• Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
• Nizam ud din Ahmad Shah III (1461–1463)
• Shams ud din Muhammad Shah III (1463–1482)
• Mahmud Shah (1482–1518)
• Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
• Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
• Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
• Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)

Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562)

Ghoris (1390–1436)

• Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
• Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
• Ghazni Khan Muhamnmad (1435–1436)
• Mas'ud Khan (1436)

Khiljis (1436–1535)

• Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)
• Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)
• Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
• Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)

Under Gujarat (1530–1534)

• Amit parsagandites (1534–1535)

Qadirid (1535–1555)

• Qadir Shah (1535–1542)

Under the Mughal Empire (1542–1555)

Shaja'atid (1555–1562)

• Shaja'at Khan (1555)
• Miyan Bayezid Baz Bahadur (1555–1562)

Ahom Dynasty ruled over Assam (1228–1826)

• Sukaphaa (1228–1268)
• Sutephaa (1268–1281)
• Subinphaa (1281–1293)
• Sukhaangphaa (1293–1332)
• Sukhrampha (1332–1364)
• Interregnum (1364–1369)
• Sutuphaa (1369–1376)
• Interregnum (1376–1380)
• Tyao Khamti (1380–1389)
• Interregnum (1389–1397)
• Sudangphaa (1397–1407)
• Sujangphaa (1407–1422)
• Suphakphaa (1422–1439)
• Susenphaa (1439–1488)
• Suhenphaa (1488–1493)
• Supimphaa (1493–1497)
• Swarganarayan (1497–1539)
• Suklenmung (1539–1552)
• Sukhaamphaa (1552–1603)
• Pratap Singha (1603–1641)
• Jayaditya Singha (1641–1644)
• Sutingphaa (1644–1648)
• Jayadhwaj Singha (1648–1663)
• Chakradhwaj Singha (1663–1670)
• Udayaaditya Singha (1670–1672)
• Ramadhwaj Singha (1672–1674)
• Suhunga (1674–1675)
• Gobar (1675–1675)
• Sujinphaa (1675–1677)
• Sudoiphaa (1677–1679)
• Ratnadhwaj Singha (1679–1681)
• Gadadhar Singha (1681–1696)
• Rudra Singha (1696–1714)
• Siba Singha (1714–1744)
• Pramatta Singha (1744–1751)
• Rajeswar Singha (1751–1769)
• Lakshmi Singha (1769–1780)
• Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795)
• Kamaleswar Singha (1795–1811)
• Chandrakanta Singha (1811–1818)
• Purandar Singha (1818–1819)
• Chandrakanta Singha (1819–1821)
• Jogeshwar Singha (1821–1822)
• Purandar Singha (1833–1838)

Reddy dynasty (1325–1448 CE)

• Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335)
• Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
• Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
• Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
• Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
• Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
• Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448)

Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1660)

Sangama Dynasty (1336–1487)

• Harihara I (Deva Raya) 1336–1343
• Bukka I (1343–1379)
• Harihara II (1379–1399)
• Bukka II (1399–1406)
• Deva Raya I (1406–1412)
• Vira Vijaya (1412–1419)
• Deva Raya II (1419–1444)
• (Not known) (1444–1449)
• Mallikarjuna (1452–1465)
• Rajasekhara (1468–1469)
• Virupaksha I (1470–1471)
• Praudha Deva Raya (1476–?)
• Rajasekhara (1479–1480)
• Virupaksha II (1483–1484)
• Rajasekharak (1486–1487)

Saluva Dynasty (1490–1567)

• Narasimha (1490–1503)
• Narasa (Vira Narasimha) (1503–1509)
• Krishnadevaraya (1509–1530) - Considered one of the greatest Emperors of South India
• Achyuta (1530–1542)
• Sadasiva (1542–1567)

Tuluva Dynasty (1542–1614)

• Rama (1542–1565)
• Tirumala (1565–1567)
• Tirumala (1567–1575)
• Ranga II (1575–1586)
• Venkata I (1586–1614)

Rulers of Mysore/Khudadad (1399–1950)

Wodeyar Dynasty (first rule, 1399–1761)

• Yaduraya (1399–1423)
• Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478)
• Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513)
• Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572)
• Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576)
• Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578)
• Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637)
• Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638)
• (Ranadhira) Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659)
• Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673)
• Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704)
• Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714)
• Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734)
• (Immadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761
• Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1772), ruled under Hyder Ali
• Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776), ruled under Hyder Ali
• Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782, then under Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796

The reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) was interrupted from 1796 to 1799.

Hyder Ali's Dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799)

• Hyder Ali (1761–1782), Muslim commander deposing the Hindu Maharaja, fought the British and Nizams of Hyderabad in the first of 4 Anglo-Mysore Wars
• Tipu Sultan (Tiger of Mysore) (1782–1799), son of Hyder Ali, considered the greatest ruler of Mysore, assumed the novel style Badhshah Bahadur of Khudadad (thus claiming the paramountcy of India instead of the Mughal 'mere' Badhshah), fought the British, Marathas and Nizams of Hyderabad in the 3 Anglo-Mysore Wars (where iron rockets) were first used, allied to the French, and lost everything

Wodeyar Dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950)

• (Mummudi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868–1894)
• H.H. Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from 1894 to 1902
• (Nalvadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940)
• Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940–1950)

Gajapati Kingdom (1434–1541 CE)

• Kapilendra Deva (1434–67)
• Purushottama Deva (1467–97)
• Prataparudra Deva (1497–1540)
• Kalua Deva (1540–41)
• Kakharua Deva (1541)

Maharajas of Cochin (Perumpadapu Swaroopam, 1503–1964)

Veerakerala Varma, nephew of Cheraman Perumal, is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century AD. But the records we have start in 1503.

1. Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
2. Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
3. Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
4. Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
5. Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
6. Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
7. Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
8. Godavarma (1637–1645)
9. Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
10. Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
11. Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
12. Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
13. Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
14. Goda Varma (1662–1663)
15. Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
16. Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
17. Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
18. Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
19. Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
20. Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
21. Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
22. Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
23. Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
24. Veera Kerala Varma II (1760–1775)
25. Rama Varma VIII (1775–1790)
26. Shaktan Thampuran (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
27. Rama Varma X (1805–1809) - Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")
28. Veera Kerala Varma III (1809–1828) - Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month (Malayalam Era))
29. Rama Varma XI (1828–1837) - Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))
30. Rama Varma XII (1837–1844) - Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))
31. Rama Varma XIII (1844–1851) - Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
32. Veera Kerala Varma IV (1851–1853) - Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)
33. Ravi Varma IV (1853–1864) - Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))
34. Rama Varma XIV (1864–1888) - Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))
35. Kerala Varma V (1888–1895) - Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))
36. Rama Varma XV (1895–1914) - a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
37. Rama Varma XVI (1915–1932) - Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
38. Rama Varma XVII (1932–1941) - Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")
39. Kerala Varma VI (1941–1943) - Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
40. Ravi Varma V (1943–1946) - Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
41. Kerala Varma VII (1946–1948) - Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
42. Rama Varma XVIII (1948–1964) - Pareekshit Thampuran

Qutb Shahi Dynasty (1518–1687)

• Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk (1518–1543)
• Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
• Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
• Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
• Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1612)
• Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
• Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
• Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1687)

Mughal Empire (1526–1857)

• Zahir ud din Muhammad Babur (1526–1530), descendant of Mongol conqueror Timur, established the Mughal Empire (one of the 3 earliest gunpowder empires) after defeating the Delhi Sultanate
• Nasir ud din Muhammad Humayun (1530–1540), temporarily lost his empire to the Afghan usurper Sher Shah Suri after being defeated by him, restored his rule after defeating Adil Shah Suri in 1556.
• Jalal ud din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great) (1556–1605), considered the greatest of all Mughals, he restored the rule of his dynasty after defeating Hemchandra Vikramaditya. He carried out the biggest expansion of the Mughal Empire in Northern India
• Nur ud din Muhammad Jahangir (1605–1627), known in legends as Shehzada Salim
• Dawar Baksh (1627–1628) was a stop gap arrangement until Shihab-ud-din Shah Jahan (1627–1657) took over
• Shihab-ud-din Shah Jahan (1627–1657), constructed the Taj Mahal, which is often regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the World
• Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658–1707), expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent, ruling over most of South Asia and Afghanistan
• Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712)
• Jahandar Shah (1712–1713)
• Farrukh Siyar (1713–1719)
• Rafi ud Darajat (1719)
• Rafi ud Daulah (1719)
• Nikusiyar (1719)
• Muhammad Shah (first rule, 1719–1720)
• Muhammad Ibrahim (1720)
• Muhammad Shah (restored) (1720–1748)
• Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748–1754)
• Alamgir II (1754–1759)
• Shah Jahan III (1760)
• Shah Alam II (1759–1806)
• Akbar Shah II (1806–1837)
• Bahadur Shah II (1837–1857)

Suri Dynasty (1540–1555)

• Sher Shah (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor Humayun
• Islam Shah Suri (1545–1554)
• Firuz Shah Suri (1554)
• Muhammad Adil Shah (1554–1555)
• Ibrahim Shah Suri (1555)
• Sikandar Shah Suri (1554–1555)
• Adil Shah (1555–1556)

Chogyal, monarchs of Sikkim and Ladakh (1642–1975)

Main article: Chogyal

Maratha Empire (1674–1818)

• Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj (born on 19 February 1630, crowned on 6 June 1674; and died on 3 April 1680)
• Chhatrapati Sambhaji (1680–1688), elder son of Shivaji
• Chhatrapati Rajaram (1688–1700), younger son of Shivaji
• Rajmata Tarabai, regent (1700–1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram
• Chhatrapati Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14); first of the Kolhapur Chhatrapatis

The Empire was divided between two branches of the family c. 1707–10; and the division was formalized in 1731.

Bhonsle Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947)

• Chhatrapati Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14)
• Sambhaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1698, r. 1714–60)
• Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760–73), senior widow of Sambhaji II
• Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773–79), junior widow of Sambhaji II
• Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r. 1762–1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor's senior widow
• Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1801, r. 1813–21)
• Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1816, r. 1821–22) (council of regency)
• Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b. 1802, r. 1822–38)
• Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b. 1830, r. 1838–66)
• Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r. 1866–70)
• Council of regency (1870–94)
• Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b. 1863, r. 1871–83); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Rajarshi Shahu IV of Kolhapur (b. 1874, r. 1884–1922); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b. 1897 r. 1922–40)
• Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940–47), widow of Rajaram II
• Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b. 1941, r. 1941–46); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Shahaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1910, r. 1947, d. 1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior; adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II

The state acceded unto the Dominion of India following the independence of India in 1947.

• Shahu II as titular Maharaja (1983–present) (adopted from Kadam family of Bande)

Bhonsle Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1839)

• Shahu I (1708–1749). Son of Sambhaji I.
• Ramaraja (1749–1777). Grandson of Rajaram and Tarabai; adopted son of Shahu I.
• Shahu II of Satara (1777–1808). Son of Ramaraja.
• Pratapsinh (1808–1839)
• Shahaji III (1839–1848)
• 1848 to Great Britain
• Pratapsinh I (adopted)
• Rajaram III
• Pratapsinh II
• Raja Shahu III (1918–1950)
• Pratapsinhraje (1950–1978)
• Chatrapati Udayanraje Bhonsle (1978–present)

The Peshwas (1713–1858)

Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Maharaja, and were hegemon of the Maratha confederation.

• Balaji Vishwanath (1713 – 2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)
• Peshwa Bajirao I (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 Aug. 1700, died 28 April 1740)
• Balaji Bajirao (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 Dec. 1721, d. 23 Jun. 1761)
• Madhavrao Ballal (1761 – 18 Nov. 1772) (b. 16 Feb. 1745, d. 18 Nov. 1772)
• Narayanrao Bajirao (13 Dec. 1772 – 30 Aug. 1773) (b. 10 Aug. 1755, d. 30 Aug. 1773)
• Raghunath Rao Bajirao (5 Dec. 1773 – 1774) (b. 18 Aug. 1734, d. 11 Dec. 1783)
• Sawai Madhavrao (1774 – 27 Oct. 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 Oct. 1795)
• Baji Rao II (6 Dec. 1796 – 3 June 1818) (d. 28 Jan. 1851)
• Nana Sahib (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 Sep. 1859)

Bhonsle Maharajas of Thanjavur (?–1799)

Further information: Thanjavur Maratha kingdom

Descended from a brother of Shivaji; ruled independently and had no formal relationship with the Maratha Empire.

• Ekoji I
• Shahuji I of Thanjavur
• Serfoji I
• Tukkoji
• Ekoji II
• Sujanbai
• Shahuji II of Thanjavur
• Pratapsingh of Thanjavur (r. 1737–63)
• Tulojirao Bhonsle of Thanjavur (b. 1738, r. 1763–87), elder son of Pratapasimha
• Serfoji II of Thanjavur (r. 1787–93 & 1798–99, d. 1832); adoptive son of Tuloji Bhonsle
• Ramaswami Amarasimha Bhonsle (r. 1793–98); younger son of Pratapasimha

The state was annexed by the British in 1799.

Bhonsle Maharajas of Nagpur (1799–1881)

• Raghoji I (1738–1755)
• Janoji (1755–1772)
• Sabaji (1772–1775)
• Mudhoji I (1775–1788)
• Raghoji II (1788–1816)
• Parsoji Bhonsle (18??–1817)
• Mudhoji II (1816–1818)
• Raghoji III (1818–1853)
• 1853 to Great Britain
• Janoji II (1853–1881) (adopted)
• Raghujideo (1881)
• The kingdom was annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse.

Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948)

• Malharrao Holkar (I) (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)
• Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)
• Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)
• Tukojirao Holkar (I) (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)
• Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)
• Yashwantrao Holkar (I) (r. 1798 – 27 November 1811)
• Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar (III) (r. November 1811 – 27 October 1833)
• Martandrao Malharrao Holkar (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)
• Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)
• Khanderao Harirao Holkar (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 February 1844)
• Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar (II) (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)
• Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)
• Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar (III) (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)
• Yashwantrao Holkar (II) (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India. The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.

Scindia rulers of Gwalior (?–1947)

• Ranojirao Scindia (1731 – 19 July 1745)
• Jayapparao Scindia (1745 – 25 July 1755)
• Jankojirao I Scindia (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745
• Meharban Dattaji Rao Scindia, Regent (1755 – 10 January 1760). Died 1760
• Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763
• Kedarjirao Scindia (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
• Manajirao Scindia Phakade (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
• Mahadaji Scindia (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794
• Daulatrao Scindia (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827
• Jankojirao II Scindia (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843
• Jayajirao Scindia (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886
• Madho Rao Scindia (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925
• George Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India.

• Madhavrao Scindia (February 6, 1949; died 2001)
• Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (born 1 January 1971)

Gaekwad rulers of Baroda (Vadodara) (1721–present)

• Pilaji Rao Gaekwad (1721–1732)
• Damaji Rao Gaekwad (1732–1768)
• Govind Rao Gaekwad (1768–1771)
• Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I (1771–1789)
• Manaji Rao Gaekwad (1789–1793)
• Govind Rao Gaekwad (restored) (1793–1800)
• Anand Rao Gaekwad (1800–1818)
• Sayaji Rao II Gaekwad (1818–1847)
• Ganpat Rao Gaekwad (1847–1856)
• Khande Rao Gaekwad (1856–1870)
• Malhar Rao Gaekwad (1870–1875)
• Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1875–1939)
• Pratap Singh Gaekwad (1939–1951)

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India and the monarchy was abolished in 1948.

• Fatehsinghrao Gaekwad (1951–1988)
• Ranjitsinh Pratapsinh Gaekwad (1988–2012)
• Samarjitsinh Ranjitsinh Gaekwad (2012–present)

The major Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (1707–1856)

Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770)

• Murshid Quli Jafar Khan (1707–1727)
• Sujauddin Khan (1727–1739)
• Sarfraz Khan (1739–1740)
• Alivardi Khan (1740–1756)
• Siraj Ud Daulah (1756–1757)
• Mir Jafar (1757–1760)
• Mir Qasim (1760–1763)
• Mir Jafar Khan (1763–1765)
• Najm ud Daulah (1765–1766)
• Saif ud Daulah (1766–1770)

Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858)

• Saadat Ali Khan I (1719–1737)
• Safdarjung (1737–1753)
• Shuja-ud-Daula (1753–1775)
• Asaf-ud-Daula (1775–1797)
• Wazir Ali Khan (1797–1798)
• Saadat Ali Khan II (1798–1814)
• Akhil Sharma (1814–1827)
• Nasiruddin Haider (1827–1837)
• Muhammad Ali Shah (1837–1842)
• Amjad Ali Shah (1842–1847)
• Wajid Ali Shah (1847–1856)
• Birjis Qadra (1856–1858)

Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948)

• Mir Qamaruddin Khan, Nizal ul Mulk, Asif Jah I (1720–1748)
• Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Nasir Jang Nazam-ud-Dowlah (1748–1750)
• Nawab Hidayat Mohuddin Sa'adu'llah Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang (1750–1751)
• Nawab Syed Mohammed Khan, Amir ul Mulk, Salabat Jang (1751–1762)
• Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur, Nizam ul Mulk, Asif Jah II (1762–1803)
• Nawab Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikandar Jah, Asif Jah III (1803–1829)
• Nawab Mir Farkhonda Ali Khan Nasir-ud-Daulah, Asif Jah IV (1829–1857)
• Nawab Mir Tahniat Ali Khan Afzal ud Daulah, Asif Jah V (1857–1869)
• Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI (1869–1911)
• Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII (1911–1948)

Kingdom of Travancore (1729–1947)

• Marthanda Varma (1729–1758)
• Dharma Raja (1758–1798)
• Balarama Varma (1798–1810)
• Gowri Lakshmi Bayi (1810–1815)
• Gowri Parvati Bayi (1815–1829)
• Swathi Thirunal (1829–1846)
• Uthram Thirunal (1846–1860)
• Ayilyam Thirunal (1860–1880)
• Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885)
• Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924)
• Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924–1931)
• Chithira Thirunal (1931–1949)

Sikh Empire (1801–1849)

• Maharaja Ranjit Singh (b. 1780, crowned April 12, 1801; d. 1839)
• Kharak Singh (b. 1801, d. 1840), eldest son of Ranjit Singh
• Nau Nihal Singh (b. 1821, d. 1840), grandson of Ranjit Singh
• Chand Kaur (b. 1802, d. 1842) was briefly Regent
• Sher Singh (b. 1807, d. 1843), son of Ranjit Singh
• Duleep Singh (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893), youngest son of Ranjit Singh

The British Empire annexed the Punjab c. 1845–49; after the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars

Dominion of India (1947–1950)

• George VI, King of India (1947–1950), although he retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948.

See also

• History of South Asia
• History of India
• Middle kingdoms of India
• List of Mauryan emperors
• List of Mughal emperors
• British Empire
• Mughal Empire
• Maratha Empire
• List of Indian Princely states
• Rulers of Malwa
• Emperor, Emperor of India, Paramount ruler
• Nawab, Nizam, Padishah, Shah, Sultan
• Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Punjab.
• Governor General of India
• Badami Chalukyas, Badami, Pattadakal, Aihole, Mahakuta
• Western Chalukyas, Mahadeva Temple, Itagi, Lakkundi, Chaudayyadanapura, Galaganatha
• Rashtrakutas, Ellora, Kailash Temple
• Vijayanagara Empire, Hampi

Sources and External links

• Greatest Indian King Debate
• Indian Princely States
• RoyalArk - India pages
• Adrian Fletcher's Paradoxplace - Great Mughal Emperors of India