Jump to content

Pope Francis: Difference between revisions

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
rather sad quality entry overall
c/e
(325 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{BLP sources|date=March 2013}}
{{pp-semi|small=no}}
{{current person|date=March 2013}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| type = Pope
| name = Francis
| honorific-prefix = His Eminence
| honorific-suffix =
⚫
| name = Jorge Mario Bergoglio
| title =
| honorific-suffix = [[Society of Jesus|SJ]]
⚫
| image = Card. Jorge Bergoglio SJ, 2008.jpg
⚫
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires|Cardinal-Archbishop of Buenos Aires]]
⚫
| image_size =
⚫
| image = Card. Jorge Bergoglio SJ, 2008.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| church =
| church =
| archdiocese =
| archdiocese =
| province =
| province =
| metropolis =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| diocese =
| see =
| elected =
| see = Buenos Aires
| elected =
| appointed =
⚫
| term =
| appointed = 3 June 1997 (Coadjutor)
⚫
| term_start = 13 March 2013
⚫
| term =
| quashed =
⚫
| term_start = 28 February 1998
| quashed =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]]
⚫
| term_end =
| opposed =
| predecessor = [[Antonio Quarracino]]
| opposed =
| successor =
| other_post = {{unbulleted list|}}
| successor =
| other_post = {{unbulleted list|[[San Roberto Bellarmino (church)|Cardinal-Priest of S. Roberto Bellarmino]]|[[Ordinariate for the Faithful of the Eastern Rites in Argentina|Bishop of the Ordinariate for the Faithful of the Eastern Rites in Argentina]]}}
<!---------- Orders ---------->
<!---------- Orders ---------->
| ordination = 13 December 1969
| ordination = 13 December 1969
| ordinated_by = [[Ramón José Castellano]]
| ordinated_by = Ramón José Castellano
| consecration = 27 June 1992
| consecration = 27 June 1992
| consecrated_by = [[Antonio Quarracino]]
| consecrated_by = [[Antonio Quarracino]]
| cardinal = 21 February 2001
| cardinal = 21 February 2001
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| rank =
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name = Jorge Mario Bergoglio
| birth_name = Jorge Mario Bergoglio
| birth_date = {{birthdateandage|1936|12|17|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1936|12|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]
| birth_place = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]
| death_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_place =
| buried =
| buried =
| nationality = Argentinian
| nationality = Argentinian (along with [[State of the Vatican City|Vatican]] citizenship)
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| residence =
| residence = [[Vatican City]]
| parents =
| parents =
| spouse =
| spouse =
| children =
| children =
| occupation =
| occupation =
| profession =
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Ordinariate for the faithful of eastern rite|Bishop of the Ordinariate for the Faithful of the Eastern Rites in Argentina (2013–2013)]]|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires|Cardinal-Archbishop of Buenos Aires (1998–2013)]]|[[San Roberto Bellarmino (church)|Cardinal-Priest of S. Roberto Bellarmino (2001–2013)]]|Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires (1992–1997)|Titular Bishop of Auca (1992–1997)|}}
| profession =
| alma_mater = | motto =
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires (1992 - 1997)|Titular Bishop of Auca (1992 - 1997)|}}
| alma_mater =
| signature =
| motto =
| signature_alt =
⚫
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Jorge Mario Bergoglio.svg
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Jorge Mario Bergoglio.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =
| coat_of_arms_alt =
<!---------- Sainthood ---------->
<!---------- Sainthood ---------->
| feast_day =
| feast_day =
| venerated =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| canonized_by =
| attributes =
| attributes =
| patronage =
| patronage =
| shrine =
| shrine =
| suppressed_date =
| suppressed_date =
<!---------- Other ---------->
<!---------- Other ---------->
| other =
| other =
}}
}}


'''Francis''' ({{lang-la|Franciscus}}, {{lang-it|Francesco}}, {{lang-es|Francisco}}; born '''Jorge Mario Bergoglio''' on 17 December 1936) is the [[List of popes|265th]] and current [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]], elected on 13 March 2013. In that role, he is both the leader of the Church and [[monarch|Sovereign]] of the [[Vatican City]] State. Francis is the first [[Jesuit]] pope, the first from outside of Europe in more than a millennium, the first from the [[Americas]], and the first from the [[Southern Hemisphere]].
'''Jorge Mario Bergoglio''', [[Society of Jesus|SJ]] (born December 17, 1936) is an [[Argentina|Argentine]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He has served as the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires|Archbishop of Buenos Aires]] since 1998. He was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 2001.

⚫
From 1998 until his election as pope, he served as the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires|Archbishop of Buenos Aires]], and was elevated to [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] in 2001.


==Early life==
==Early life==
Jorge Bergoglio<ref>[http://nieuwsupdates.com/2013/03/13/habemus-papam-hervormingsgezinde-latinopaus-gekozen/ Jorge Bergoglio]</ref> was born in [[Buenos Aires]], one of the five children of an Italian immigrant railway worker and his wife.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rice-Oxley|first=Mark|title=Pope Francis: the humble pontiff with practical approach to poverty|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/13/jorge-mario-bergoglio-pope-poverty|accessdate=13 March 2013|newspaper=The Guardian (UK)|date=13 March 2013}}</ref> He received a master's degree in [[chemistry]] at the [[University of Buenos Aires]], and then studied at the [[seminary]] in [[Villa Devoto]].<ref>[http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2013/03/13/cardinal-bergoglio-profile/]</ref> He entered the [[Society of Jesus]] on 11 March 1958. Bergoglio obtained a [[licentiate]] in [[philosophy]] from the Colegio Máximo San José in [[San Miguel, Buenos Aires|San Miguel]], and then taught [[literature]] and [[psychology]] at the Colegio de la Inmaculada in [[Santa Fe, Argentina|Santa Fe]], and the [[Universidad del Salvador|Colegio del Salvador]] in Buenos Aires.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}


==Pre-papal career==
Jorge Bergoglio was born in [[Buenos Aires]], one of the five children of an Italian railway worker and his wife. After studying at the [[seminary]] in [[Villa Devoto]], he entered the [[Society of Jesus]] on March 11, 1958. Bergoglio obtained a [[licentiate]] in [[philosophy]] from the Colegio Máximo San José in [[San Miguel, Buenos Aires|San Miguel]], and then taught [[literature]] and [[psychology]] at the Colegio de la Inmaculada in [[Santa Fe, Argentina|Santa Fe]], and the [[Universidad del Salvador|Colegio del Salvador]] in Buenos Aires. He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on December 13, 1969, by Archbishop Ramón José Castellano. He attended the Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel, a seminary in San Miguel. Bergoglio attained the position of novice master there and became professor of [[theology]].
He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] on 13 December 1969, by Archbishop Ramón José Castellano. He attended the Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel, a seminary in San Miguel. Bergoglio attained the position of novice master there and became professor of [[theology]].


Impressed with his leadership skills, the Society of Jesus promoted Bergoglio and he served as provincial for Argentina from 1973 to 1979. He was transferred in 1980 to become the [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] of the seminray in San Miguel where had had studied. He served in that capacity until 1986. He completed his doctoral dissertation in Germany and returned to his homeland to serve as confessor and spiritual director in [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]].
Impressed with his leadership skills,{{citation needed}} the Society of Jesus promoted Bergoglio and he served as [[Provincial superior|provincial]] for Argentina from 1973 to 1979. He was transferred in 1980 to become the [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] of the seminary in San Miguel where he had studied. He served in that capacity until 1986. He completed his [[doctoral dissertation]] in [[Germany]] and returned to his homeland to serve as confessor and spiritual director in [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]].


{{Infobox cardinal styles|
{{Infobox popestyles
⚫
| image =
cardinal name=Jorge Mario Bergoglio|
dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]|
| dipstyle=[[His Holiness]]
offstyle=Your Eminence|
| offstyle=Your Holiness
| relstyle=Holy Father
relstyle=[[Monsignor]]|image=Escudo de Armas del Cardenal Jorge Mario Bergoglio.png|
⚫
| deathstyle=
See=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]]|
}}
⚫
deathstyle=|
image=Coat of arms of Jorge Mario Bergoglio.svg|
⚫
image_size=200px|}}


Bergoglio succeeded Cardinal Quarracino on February 28, 1998. He was concurrently named [[Ordinary (officer)|ordinary]] for [[Eastern Rite Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholics]] in Argentina, who lacked their own [[prelate]]. Pope John Paul II summoned the newly named archbishop to the consistory of February 21, 2001 in [[Vatican City]] and elevated Bergoglio with the papal honors of a cardinal. He was named to the Cardinal-Priest of ''[[San Roberto Bellarmino (church)|Saint Robert Bellarmino]]''.
Bergoglio succeeded [[Antonio Quarracino|Cardinal Quarracino]] on 28 February 1998. He was concurrently named [[Ordinary (officer)|ordinary]] for [[Eastern Rite Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholics]] in Argentina, who lacked their own [[prelate]]. Pope John Paul II summoned the newly named archbishop to the consistory of 21 February 2001 in [[Vatican City]] and elevated Bergoglio with the papal honors of a cardinal. He was named to the Cardinal-Priest of ''[[San Roberto Bellarmino (church)|Saint Robert Bellarmino]]''.


==Cardinal==
===Cardinal===
[[Image:19120704 bergoglio.jpg|thumb|240px|Jorge ''Cardinal'' Bergoglio greets President [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], December, 2007.]]
[[File:19120704 bergoglio.jpg|thumb|Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio greets President [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], December, 2007.]]
As cardinal, Bergoglio was appointed to several administrative positions in the [[Roman Curia]]. He served on the Congregation of Clergy, Congregation of Divine Worship and Sacraments, Congregation of Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Congregation of Societies of Apostolic Life. Bergoglio became a member of the Commission on Latin American and the Family Council.
As cardinal, Bergoglio was appointed to several administrative positions in the [[Roman Curia]]. He served on the Congregation of Clergy, Congregation of Divine Worship and Sacraments, Congregation of Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Congregation of Societies of Apostolic Life. Bergoglio became a member of the [[Pontifical Commission for Latin America|Commission for Latin America]] and the Family Council.


As Cardinal, Bergoglio became known for personal humility, doctrinal conservatism and a commitment to social justice. A simple lifestyle has contributed to his reputation for humility. He lives in a small apartment, rather than in the palatial bishop's residence. He gave up his chauffeured limousine in favor of public transportation, and he reportedly cooks his own meals.
As cardinal, Bergoglio became known for personal humility,{{citation needed}} doctrinal conservatism and a commitment to social justice. A simple lifestyle contributed to his reputation for humility. He lived in a small apartment, rather than in the palatial bishop's residence. He gave up his chauffeured limousine in favor of public transportation,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=05VATICAN466|date=2005-04-18|accessdate=2012-03-13 |title=''Toward The Conclave Part III: The Candidates''}}</ref> and he reportedly cooked his own meals.


Upon the death of Pope John Paul II, Bergoglio, considered ''[[papabile]]'' himself, participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] as a [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal elector]], the conclave that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. A widespread theory says that he was in a tight fight with Ratzinger until he himself adviced crying not to be voted.<ref>[http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/es/vaticano/dettagliospain/articolo/conclave-22761/ ¿Qué sucedió realmente durante el conclave del 2005. lastampa.it (Spanish)]</ref> Earlier, he had participated in the [[funeral of Pope John Paul II]] and acted as a [[regent]] alongside the [[College of Cardinals]], governing the Holy See and the Roman Catholic Church during the [[interregnum]] [[sede vacante]] period. Cardinal Bergoglio remains eligible to participate in [[Papal conclave|conclaves]] that begin before his 80th birthday on December 17, 2016.
On the death of Pope John Paul II, Bergoglio was considered one of the ''[[papabile]]'' cardinals. He participated as a [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal elector]] in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. It has been reported that Bergoglio was in close contention with Ratzinger during the election, until he made an emotional plea<ref>"Quasi in lacrime" (almost in tears)</ref> that the cardinals should not vote for him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/vaticano/dettaglio-articolo/articolo/conclave-22761/ |title=''Ecco come andò davvero il Conclave del 2005'' lastampa.it (Italian) |publisher=Vaticaninsider.lastampa.it |date= |accessdate=2013-03-13}}</ref> Earlier, he had participated in the [[funeral of Pope John Paul II]] and acted as a [[regent]] alongside the [[College of Cardinals]], governing the Holy See and the Roman Catholic Church during the [[interregnum]] [[sede vacante]] period.


During the 2005 Synod of Bishops, he was elected a member of the Post-Synodal council. Catholic journalist [[John L. Allen, Jr.]] reported that Bergoglio was a frontrunner in the 2005 Conclave. An unauthorized diary of uncertain authenticity released in September 2005<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/09/23/conclave.diary.ap/index.html (1)]</ref> confirmed that Bergogolio was the runner-up and main challenger of Cardinal Ratzinger at that conclave. The purported diary of the anonymous cardinal claimed Bergoglio received 40 votes in the third ballot, but fell back to 26 at the fourth and decisive ballot.
During the 2005 Synod of Bishops, he was elected a member of the Post-Synodal council. Catholic journalist [[John L. Allen, Jr.]] reported that Bergoglio was a frontrunner in the 2005 Conclave. An unauthorized diary of uncertain authenticity released in September 2005<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/09/23/conclave.diary.ap/index.html (1)]{{dead link|date=March 2013}}</ref> confirmed that Bergoglio was the runner-up and main challenger of Cardinal Ratzinger at that conclave. The purported diary of the anonymous cardinal claimed Bergoglio received 40 votes in the third ballot, but fell back to 26 at the fourth and decisive ballot.


On November 8, 2005, Bergoglio was elected President of the Argentine Episcopal Conference for a three-year term (2005&ndash;2008) by a large majority of the Argentine bishops, which according to reports confirms his local leadership and the international prestige earned by his alleged performance in the conclave. He was reelected on November 11, 2008.
On 8 November 2005, Bergoglio was elected President of the Argentine Episcopal Conference for a three-year term (2005&ndash;2008) by a large majority of the Argentine bishops, which according to reports confirms his local leadership and the international prestige earned by his alleged performance in the conclave. He was reelected on November 11, 2008.


==Views==
==Papacy==
{{Politics of the Holy See}}
Cardinal Bergoglio was elected pope on 13 March 2013 at 7:06 p.m,<ref>http://www.news.va/en/news/habemus-papam-cardinal-bergolio-elected-pope</ref> the second day of the [[Papal conclave, 2013|2013 Papal conclave]], taking the [[papal name]] Francis.<ref name="cnbc">{{cite news |title=Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina Named as New Pope of the Roman Catholic Church |url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/100538976 |newspaper=CNBC |date=13 March 2013 |accessdate=13 March 2013}}</ref> Cardinal Bergoglio is the first [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priest chosen to be pope.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21777494|title=Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope|author=BBC|date=13 March 2013|publisher=BBC|accessdate=13 March 2013}}</ref> He is the first pope to have been born in the [[Americas]] and is the first non-[[Europe]]an pope in over 1,200 years; the last non-European pope, [[Pope Gregory III|St. Gregory III]], was born in Syria and reigned from 731 to 741.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2013/03/13/snap-new-pope-is-an-argentine/|title=New Pope is an Argentine|author=Financial Times|date=13 March 2013|publisher=Financial Times|accessdate=13 March 2013}}</ref> He is also the first pope since [[Pope John Paul I]] to take a previously unused papal name, and as John Paul I took his name from the previous two popes ([[Pope John XXIII]] and [[Pope Paul VI]]) in tribute to them, Francis is the first pope since [[Pope Lando]] to take an entirely original papal name.


==Positions on moral and political issues==
===Liberation theology===
Bergoglio is an accomplished theologian who distanced himself from [[liberation theology]] early in his career. He is thought to be close to [[Comunione e Liberazione]], a conservative lay movement.


===Abortion and euthanasia===
===Contraception, abortion and euthanasia===
Cardinal Bergoglio has invited his clergy and laity to oppose both abortion and euthanasia.<ref>[http://zenit.org/article-21867?l=french Le cardinal Bergoglio invite à défendre la culture de la vie avec ardeur]</ref>
Cardinal Bergoglio has encouraged his clergy and laity to oppose both [[abortion]] and [[euthanasia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zenit.org/article-21867?l=french |title=Le cardinal Bergoglio invite à défendre la culture de la vie avec ardeur |publisher=Zenit.org |date= |accessdate=2013-03-13}}</ref> He supports the use of contraception to prevent the spread of disease.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d9c465d8-8c08-11e2-b001-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2NS9lpisP|publisher=FT}}</ref>


===Homosexuality===
===Homosexuality===
He has affirmed church teaching on [[homosexuality]], though he teaches the importance of respecting individuals who are gay. He strongly opposed legislation introduced in 2010 by the Argentine Government to allow [[Same-sex marriage in Argentina|same-sex marriage]]. In a letter to the monasteries of Buenos Aires, he wrote: "Let's not be naive, we're not talking about a simple political battle; it is a destructive pretension against the plan of God. We are not talking about a mere bill, but rather a machination of the Father of Lies that seeks to confuse and deceive the children of God." He has also insisted that [[gay adoption]] is a form of discrimination against children. This position received a rebuke from Argentine president [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], who said the church's tone was reminiscent of "medieval times and the Inquisition".<ref>Pink News at http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2010/07/13/catholic-cardinal-says-gay-marriage-in-argentina-is-the-work-of-the-devil/</ref>
He has affirmed church teaching on [[homosexuality]], including that men and women who have deep-seated homosexual tendencies must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity and that every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should be avoided.<ref>{{citation|title=Catechism of the Catholic Church Paragraph 2358|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a6.htm}}</ref> He strongly opposed legislation introduced in 2010 by the Argentine Government to allow [[Same-sex marriage in Argentina|same-sex marriage]], calling it a "real and dire anthropological throwback".<ref>{{cite news|last=Padgett|first=Tim|title=The Vatican and Women: Casting the First Stone|url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2004702,00.html|accessdate=13 March 2013|newspaper=TIME|date=18 July 2010}}</ref> In a letter to the monasteries of Buenos Aires, he wrote: "Let's not be naïve, we're not talking about a simple political battle; it is a destructive pretension against the plan of God. We are not talking about a mere bill, but rather a machination of the [[Devil in Christianity|Father of Lies]] that seeks to confuse and deceive the children of God."<ref>{{cite news|title=Defying Church, Argentina Legalizes Gay Marriage|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2004036,00.html|accessdate=March 13, 2013|date=July 15, 2010|first=Uki|last=Goñi}}</ref> He has also insisted that [[LGBT adoption|adoption by homosexuals]] is a form of discrimination against children. This position received a rebuke from Argentine president [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], who said the church's tone was reminiscent of "medieval times and the [[Inquisition]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Allen, Jr.|first=John L.|title=Papabile of the Day: The Men Who Could Be Pope|url=http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/papabile-day-men-who-could-be-pope-13|accessdate=March 13, 2013|newspaper=National Catholic Reporter|date=March 3, 2013}}</ref>


===Church and AIDS===
===Poverty and class equality===
In 2009, Bergolio said that extreme poverty and the "unjust economic structures that give rise to great inequalities" are violations of [[human rights]] and that social debt is "immoral, unjust and illegitimate."<ref>{{cite web|title=Extreme poverty is also a violation of human rights, says Argentinean cardinal|url=http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/extreme_poverty_is_also_a_violation_of_human_rights_says_argentinean_cardinal/|work=Catholic News Agency|accessdate=13 March 2013|date=1 October 2009}}</ref> During a 48-hour public servant strike in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bergoglio observed the differences between, "poor people who are persecuted for demanding work, and rich people who are applauded for fleeing from justice"<ref>{{cite news|title=Argentines protest against pay cuts
{{Main|Roman Catholic Church and AIDS}}
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1481313.stm|accessdate=March 13, 2013|date=August 8, 2001}}</ref>
His doctrinal orthodoxy emphasizes Christ's mandate to love: he is well remembered for his 2001 visit to a hospice, in which he washed and kissed the feet of twelve AIDS patients.


⚫
==Relations with the Argentine government==
===Social justice===
On 15 April 2005, a human rights lawyer filed a criminal complaint against Bergoglio, as superior in the Society of Jesus of Argentina, accusing him of involvement in the kidnapping by the Navy in May 1976 (during the military dictatorship) of two [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priests.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2005/apr/17/world/fg-cardinal17 Los Angeles Times: Argentine Cardinal Named in Kidnap Lawsuit, 17 April 2005]</ref> The priests, Orlando Yorio and Francisco Jalics, were found alive five months later, drugged and semi-nude. Yorio accused Bergoglio of effectively handing them over to the death squads by declining to tell the regime that he endorsed their work. Jalics refused to discuss it after moving into seclusion in a German monastery. <ref>[http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2013/03/pope_francis_a_look_at_the_lif.html Pope Francis: A look at the life of the first South American pontiff The Associated Press March 13, 2013 ]</ref>
He consistently preaches a message of compassion towards the poor, but some<sup>who?</sup> observers would like him to place a greater emphasis on issues of social justice. Rather than articulating positions on matters of political economy, Bergoglio prefers to emphasize spirituality and holiness, believing that this will naturally lead to greater concern for the suffering of the poor. He has, however, voiced support for social programs, and publicly challenged free-market policies.


[[Horacio Verbitsky]], an Argentine investigative journalist and author, wrote a book about the incident.<ref>''The Silence: from Paulo VI to Bergoglio: secret relations of the Church with the [[Navy Petty-Officers School of Mechanics|ESMA]]'', Sudamericana (Bs. As.), 2005. ISBN 950-07-2035-3</ref>
⚫
===Relations with the Argentine government===
{{See also|Dirty War}}
On April 15, 2005, a human rights lawyer filed a criminal complaint against Bergoglio, accusing him of conspiring with the junta in 1976 to kidnap two [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priests, whom he, as superior of the Society of Jesus of Argentina in 1976, had asked to leave their pastoral work following conflict within the Society over how to respond to the new military dictatorship, with some priests advocating a violent overthrow. Bergoglio's spokesman has flatly denied the allegations. No evidence was presented linking the cardinal to this crime.<ref>[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20050416.wkidnap0416/BNStory/Front]</ref>


==Other functions of Cardinal Bergoglio==
==Other functions of Cardinal Bergoglio==
Line 131: Line 133:
*Member of the [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]]
*Member of the [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]]
*Member of the [[Pontifical Council for the Family]]
*Member of the [[Pontifical Council for the Family]]

==See also==
*[[List of popes]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|33em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Franciscus}}
*[http://www.vatican.va/ Vatican: the Holy See]&nbsp;– Vatican web site

{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-rel|ca}}


{{s-bef|before=[[Antonio Quarracino]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Antonio Quarracino]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Archbishop of Buenos Aires]]|years=1998-present}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires|Archbishop of Buenos Aires]]|years=28 February 1998 – 13 March 2013}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-vac}}
{{s-break}}

{{S-bef|before=[[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Pope]]|years=13 March 2013 – present}}
{{S-inc}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}
{{Francis}}
{{Popes}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=68559410|LCCN=no/99/3356|GND=187082650}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Bergoglio, Jorge Mario
| NAME = Francis I, Pope
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Bergoglio, Jorge Mario
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = 266th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church
| DATE OF BIRTH = December 17, 1936
| DATE OF BIRTH = December 17, 1936
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires, Argentina]]
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires, Argentina]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bergoglio, Jorge Mario}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Francis}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:People from Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Buenos Aires]]
⚫
[[Category:Argentine cardinals]]
[[Category:Argentine Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Argentine Jesuits]]
[[Category:Argentine Jesuits]]
[[Category:Argentine people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Argentine people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Jesuit popes]]
⚫
[[Category:Argentine popes]]
[[Category:University of Buenos Aires alumni]]

[[it:Papa Francesco]]
[[ml:ഫ്രാൻസിസ് മാർപ്പാപ്പ]]

Revision as of 20:31, 13 March 2013

Francis
Papacy began13 March 2013
PredecessorBenedict XVI
Previous post(s)
Orders
Ordination13 December 1969
Consecration27 June 1992
by Antonio Quarracino
Created cardinal21 February 2001
Personal details
Born
Jorge Mario Bergoglio

(1936-12-17) 17 December 1936 (age 87)
Buenos Aires, Argentina
NationalityArgentinian (along with Vatican citizenship)
DenominationRoman Catholic
ResidenceVatican City
Coat of armsFrancis's coat of arms

Francis (Latin: Franciscus, Italian: Francesco, Spanish: Francisco; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio on 17 December 1936) is the 265th and current pope of the Catholic Church, elected on 13 March 2013. In that role, he is both the leader of the Church and Sovereign of the Vatican City State. Francis is the first Jesuit pope, the first from outside of Europe in more than a millennium, the first from the Americas, and the first from the Southern Hemisphere.

From 1998 until his election as pope, he served as the Archbishop of Buenos Aires, and was elevated to cardinal in 2001.

Early life

Jorge Bergoglio[1] was born in Buenos Aires, one of the five children of an Italian immigrant railway worker and his wife.[2] He received a master's degree in chemistry at the University of Buenos Aires, and then studied at the seminary in Villa Devoto.[3] He entered the Society of Jesus on 11 March 1958. Bergoglio obtained a licentiate in philosophy from the Colegio Máximo San José in San Miguel, and then taught literature and psychology at the Colegio de la Inmaculada in Santa Fe, and the Colegio del Salvador in Buenos Aires.[citation needed]

Pre-papal career

He was ordained to the priesthood on 13 December 1969, by Archbishop Ramón José Castellano. He attended the Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel, a seminary in San Miguel. Bergoglio attained the position of novice master there and became professor of theology.

Impressed with his leadership skills,[citation needed] the Society of Jesus promoted Bergoglio and he served as provincial for Argentina from 1973 to 1979. He was transferred in 1980 to become the rector of the seminary in San Miguel where he had studied. He served in that capacity until 1986. He completed his doctoral dissertation in Germany and returned to his homeland to serve as confessor and spiritual director in Córdoba.

Papal styles of
Pope Francis
Reference styleHis Holiness
Spoken styleYour Holiness
Religious styleHoly Father

Bergoglio succeeded Cardinal Quarracino on 28 February 1998. He was concurrently named ordinary for Eastern Catholics in Argentina, who lacked their own prelate. Pope John Paul II summoned the newly named archbishop to the consistory of 21 February 2001 in Vatican City and elevated Bergoglio with the papal honors of a cardinal. He was named to the Cardinal-Priest of Saint Robert Bellarmino.

Cardinal

Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio greets President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, December, 2007.

As cardinal, Bergoglio was appointed to several administrative positions in the Roman Curia. He served on the Congregation of Clergy, Congregation of Divine Worship and Sacraments, Congregation of Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Congregation of Societies of Apostolic Life. Bergoglio became a member of the Commission for Latin America and the Family Council.

As cardinal, Bergoglio became known for personal humility,[citation needed] doctrinal conservatism and a commitment to social justice. A simple lifestyle contributed to his reputation for humility. He lived in a small apartment, rather than in the palatial bishop's residence. He gave up his chauffeured limousine in favor of public transportation,[4] and he reportedly cooked his own meals.

On the death of Pope John Paul II, Bergoglio was considered one of the papabile cardinals. He participated as a cardinal elector in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI. It has been reported that Bergoglio was in close contention with Ratzinger during the election, until he made an emotional plea[5] that the cardinals should not vote for him.[6] Earlier, he had participated in the funeral of Pope John Paul II and acted as a regent alongside the College of Cardinals, governing the Holy See and the Roman Catholic Church during the interregnum sede vacante period.

During the 2005 Synod of Bishops, he was elected a member of the Post-Synodal council. Catholic journalist John L. Allen, Jr. reported that Bergoglio was a frontrunner in the 2005 Conclave. An unauthorized diary of uncertain authenticity released in September 2005[7] confirmed that Bergoglio was the runner-up and main challenger of Cardinal Ratzinger at that conclave. The purported diary of the anonymous cardinal claimed Bergoglio received 40 votes in the third ballot, but fell back to 26 at the fourth and decisive ballot.

On 8 November 2005, Bergoglio was elected President of the Argentine Episcopal Conference for a three-year term (2005–2008) by a large majority of the Argentine bishops, which according to reports confirms his local leadership and the international prestige earned by his alleged performance in the conclave. He was reelected on November 11, 2008.

Papacy

Vatican City
This article is part of a series on
Vatican City
History
Law
Politics and government
Papacy
Foreign relations
Economy
Symbols
Culture
Buildings/geography
Vatican Museums

Cardinal Bergoglio was elected pope on 13 March 2013 at 7:06 p.m,[8] the second day of the 2013 Papal conclave, taking the papal name Francis.[9] Cardinal Bergoglio is the first Jesuit priest chosen to be pope.[10] He is the first pope to have been born in the Americas and is the first non-European pope in over 1,200 years; the last non-European pope, St. Gregory III, was born in Syria and reigned from 731 to 741.[11] He is also the first pope since Pope John Paul I to take a previously unused papal name, and as John Paul I took his name from the previous two popes (Pope John XXIII and Pope Paul VI) in tribute to them, Francis is the first pope since Pope Lando to take an entirely original papal name.

Positions on moral and political issues

Contraception, abortion and euthanasia

Cardinal Bergoglio has encouraged his clergy and laity to oppose both abortion and euthanasia.[12] He supports the use of contraception to prevent the spread of disease.[13]

Homosexuality

He has affirmed church teaching on homosexuality, including that men and women who have deep-seated homosexual tendencies must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity and that every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should be avoided.[14] He strongly opposed legislation introduced in 2010 by the Argentine Government to allow same-sex marriage, calling it a "real and dire anthropological throwback".[15] In a letter to the monasteries of Buenos Aires, he wrote: "Let's not be naïve, we're not talking about a simple political battle; it is a destructive pretension against the plan of God. We are not talking about a mere bill, but rather a machination of the Father of Lies that seeks to confuse and deceive the children of God."[16] He has also insisted that adoption by homosexuals is a form of discrimination against children. This position received a rebuke from Argentine president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who said the church's tone was reminiscent of "medieval times and the Inquisition".[17]

Poverty and class equality

In 2009, Bergolio said that extreme poverty and the "unjust economic structures that give rise to great inequalities" are violations of human rights and that social debt is "immoral, unjust and illegitimate."[18] During a 48-hour public servant strike in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bergoglio observed the differences between, "poor people who are persecuted for demanding work, and rich people who are applauded for fleeing from justice"[19]

Relations with the Argentine government

On 15 April 2005, a human rights lawyer filed a criminal complaint against Bergoglio, as superior in the Society of Jesus of Argentina, accusing him of involvement in the kidnapping by the Navy in May 1976 (during the military dictatorship) of two Jesuit priests.[20] The priests, Orlando Yorio and Francisco Jalics, were found alive five months later, drugged and semi-nude. Yorio accused Bergoglio of effectively handing them over to the death squads by declining to tell the regime that he endorsed their work. Jalics refused to discuss it after moving into seclusion in a German monastery. [21]

Horacio Verbitsky, an Argentine investigative journalist and author, wrote a book about the incident.[22]

Other functions of Cardinal Bergoglio

See also

References

  1. ^ Jorge Bergoglio
  2. ^ Rice-Oxley, Mark (13 March 2013). "Pope Francis: the humble pontiff with practical approach to poverty". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  3. ^ [1]
  4. ^ "Toward The Conclave Part III: The Candidates". 2005-04-18. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
  5. ^ "Quasi in lacrime" (almost in tears)
  6. ^ "Ecco come andò davvero il Conclave del 2005 lastampa.it (Italian)". Vaticaninsider.lastampa.it. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
  7. ^ (1)[dead link]
  8. ^ http://www.news.va/en/news/habemus-papam-cardinal-bergolio-elected-pope
  9. ^ "Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina Named as New Pope of the Roman Catholic Church". CNBC. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  10. ^ BBC (13 March 2013). "Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope". BBC. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  11. ^ Financial Times (13 March 2013). "New Pope is an Argentine". Financial Times. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  12. ^ "Le cardinal Bergoglio invite à défendre la culture de la vie avec ardeur". Zenit.org. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
  13. ^ . FT http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d9c465d8-8c08-11e2-b001-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2NS9lpisP. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church Paragraph 2358
  15. ^ Padgett, Tim (18 July 2010). "The Vatican and Women: Casting the First Stone". TIME. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  16. ^ Goñi, Uki (July 15, 2010). "Defying Church, Argentina Legalizes Gay Marriage". Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  17. ^ Allen, Jr., John L. (March 3, 2013). "Papabile of the Day: The Men Who Could Be Pope". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  18. ^ "Extreme poverty is also a violation of human rights, says Argentinean cardinal". Catholic News Agency. 1 October 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  19. ^ "Argentines protest against pay cuts". August 8, 2001. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  20. ^ Los Angeles Times: Argentine Cardinal Named in Kidnap Lawsuit, 17 April 2005
  21. ^ Pope Francis: A look at the life of the first South American pontiff The Associated Press March 13, 2013
  22. ^ The Silence: from Paulo VI to Bergoglio: secret relations of the Church with the ESMA, Sudamericana (Bs. As.), 2005. ISBN 950-07-2035-3
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Franciscus.
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Archbishop of Buenos Aires
28 February 1998 – 13 March 2013 		Vacant
Preceded by Pope
13 March 2013 – present 		Incumbent

Template:Persondata

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Francis&oldid=543918581"