United Nations System: Difference between revisions
Danlaycock (talk | contribs) revt - yes I read, but please consult a dictionary for the meaning of "redundant" as you're misusing it. Either way, I'll keep it in the start if you insist, even though it's confusing. However, there's no consensus for your extra divisions |
Danlaycock (talk | contribs) revert addition of misleading text about "sometimes the WTO is not considered ..." and revert move of the details about the CTBTO and OPCW reporting to the section head. it's silly to have empty sections. please discuss on talk page. |
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==Related organizations== |
==Related organizations== |
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Some organizations have a relationship with the UN defined by an arrangement different from the agreements between the specialized agencies and the UN, which are establish under Articles 57 and 63 of the [[United Nations Charter]].<ref name="UNSorg">[http://www.unsystem.org/ United Nations System of Organizations]: "Entries listed in bold are members of the United Nations System's Chief Executives Board".</ref><ref name="chart"/><ref name="orgchart"/><ref name="CEB"/><ref>[http://www.unsceb.org/ceb/cebmembers Members of the Chief Executives Board]</ref> <ref name="ListAgreements"/><ref>[http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/index.shtml UN Structure and Organization]</ref><ref name="Dynamic">[http://www.unsceb.org/ceb/chart Organizational Chart of the UN System and the CEB]</ref> The executives of the IAEA and WTO are members of the United Nations System Chief Executives' Board for Coordination (CEB), like the other specialized agency's heads.<ref name="CEB"/><ref>[http://www.unsceb.org/ceb/cebmembers Members of the Chief Executives Board] |
Some organizations have a relationship with the UN defined by an arrangement different from the agreements between the specialized agencies and the UN, which are establish under Articles 57 and 63 of the [[United Nations Charter]].<ref name="UNSorg">[http://www.unsystem.org/ United Nations System of Organizations]: "Entries listed in bold are members of the United Nations System's Chief Executives Board".</ref><ref name="chart"/><ref name="orgchart"/><ref name="CEB"/><ref>[http://www.unsceb.org/ceb/cebmembers Members of the Chief Executives Board]</ref> <ref name="ListAgreements"/><ref>[http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/index.shtml UN Structure and Organization]</ref><ref name="Dynamic">[http://www.unsceb.org/ceb/chart Organizational Chart of the UN System and the CEB]</ref> The executives of the IAEA and WTO are members of the United Nations System Chief Executives' Board for Coordination (CEB), like the other specialized agency's heads.<ref name="CEB"/><ref>[http://www.unsceb.org/ceb/cebmembers Members of the Chief Executives Board]</ref> |
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;[[Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission]] (CTBTO PrepCom) |
;[[Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission]] (CTBTO PrepCom) |
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The PrepCom for the [[Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization]] reports directly to the UN General Assembly.<ref name="chart"/> |
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;International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) |
;International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) |
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;[[Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]] (OPCW) |
;[[Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]] (OPCW) |
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The [[Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]] reports directly to the UN General Assembly.<ref name="chart">[http://www.unsceb.org/chart/index/chart_en.pdf The United Nations System chart], Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information, December 2007</ref> |
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;World Trade Organization (WTO) |
;World Trade Organization (WTO) |
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The relationship between the [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] does not have a formal agreement with the UN. Instead, their relationship is governed by an exchanges of letters. The WTO also has a seat on the CEB.<ref name="CEB"/><ref name="ListAgreements">[http://www.unsceb.org/ceb/about/agreements/list List of Agreements between Specialized Agencies and the United Nations]</ref> Unlike the specialized agencies and the IAEA, the WTO has no reporting obligations towards any of the principal organs of the UN, but provides ad-hoc contribution to the work of the General Assembly and ECOSOC.<ref name="orgchart">[http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/pdfs/un-system-chart-color-sm.pdf The United Nations System chart], Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information, October 2011</ref |
The relationship between the [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] does not have a formal agreement with the UN. Instead, their relationship is governed by an exchanges of letters. The WTO also has a seat on the CEB.<ref name="CEB"/><ref name="ListAgreements">[http://www.unsceb.org/ceb/about/agreements/list List of Agreements between Specialized Agencies and the United Nations]</ref> Unlike the specialized agencies and the IAEA, the WTO has no reporting obligations towards any of the principal organs of the UN, but provides ad-hoc contribution to the work of the General Assembly and ECOSOC.<ref name="orgchart">[http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/pdfs/un-system-chart-color-sm.pdf The United Nations System chart], Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information, October 2011</ref> |
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==Chief Executives Board and Senior Management Group== |
==Chief Executives Board and Senior Management Group== |
Revision as of 08:01, 31 January 2013
![]() | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (June 2010) |
The United Nations System consists of the United Nations, its subsidiary organs (including the separately-administered funds and programmes), the specialized agencies, and affiliated organizations. The executive heads of some of the United Nations System organizations and the World Trade Organization, which is not formally part of the United Nations System,[1][2][3] have seats on the United Nations System Chief Executives' Board for Coordination (CEB).[4] This body, chaired by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, meets twice a year to coordinate the work of the organizations of the United Nations System.
The United Nations System includes the United Nations and its subsidiary bodies (such as the separately-administered funds and programmes, research and training institutes, and other subsidiary entities), specialized agencies, and affiliated organizations.[5] Some of the organizations of the United Nations System predate the founding of the United Nations in 1945 and were inherited after the dissolution of the League of Nations.
United Nations
The principal organ of the UN System was the United Nations itself, and consists of six principal organs established by the Charter of the United Nations.
UN General Assembly — Deliberative assembly of all UN member states — |
UN Secretariat — Administrative organ of the UN — |
International Court of Justice — Universal court for international law — | ||||
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UN Security Council — For international security issues — |
UN Economic and Social Council — For global economic and social affairs — |
UN Trusteeship Council — For administering trust territories (currently inactive) — | ||||
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General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA/GA) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions.[7] It has also established a wide number of subsidiary organs.[8]
Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the principal organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security. Its powers, outlined in the United Nations Charter, include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action. Its powers are exercised through United Nations Security Council resolutions.
The Security Council held its first session on 17 January 1946 at Church House, Westminster, London. Since its first meeting, the Council, which exists in continuous session, has travelled widely, holding meetings in many cities, such as Paris and Addis Ababa, as well as at its current permanent home at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.
There are 15 members of the Security Council, consisting of five veto-wielding permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 10 elected non-permanent members with two-year terms. This basic structure is set out in Chapter V of the UN Charter. Security Council members must always be present at UN headquarters in New York so that the Security Council can meet at any time. This requirement of the United Nations Charter was adopted to address a weakness of the League of Nations since that organization was often unable to respond quickly to a crisis.
Economic and Social Council
The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) constitutes one of the six principal organs (one is not active, as of 2011) of the United Nations. It is responsible for coordinating the economic, social and related work of 14 UN specialized agencies, their functional commissions and five regional commissions. ECOSOC has 54 members; it holds a four-week session each year in July. Since 1998, it has also held a meeting each April with finance ministers heading key committees of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The ECOSOC serves as the central forum for discussing international economic and social issues, and for formulating policy recommendations addressed to member states and the United Nations System.[9]
Secretariat
The United Nations Secretariat is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and it is headed by the United Nations Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide. It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the UN Security Council, the UN General Assembly, the UN Economic and Social Council, and other U.N. bodies. The United Nations Charter provides that the staff be chosen by application of the "highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity," with due regard for the importance of recruiting on a wide geographical basis.
The Charter provides that the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any authority other than the UN. Each UN member country is enjoined to respect the international character of the Secretariat and not seek to influence its staff. The Secretary-General alone is responsible for staff selection.
International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. Its main functions are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to provide advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international organs, agencies, and the UN General Assembly.
Trusteeship Council
The United Nations Trusteeship Council, one of the principal organs of the United Nations, was established to help ensure that trust territories were administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security. The trust territories—most of them former mandates of the League of Nations or territories taken from nations defeated at the end of World War II—have all now attained self-government or independence, either as separate nations or by joining neighbouring independent countries. The last was Palau, formerly part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, which became a member state of the United Nations in December 1994.
Funds and programmes, research and training institutes, and other bodies
The separately-administered funds and programmes, research and training institutes, and other subsidiary bodies are autonomous subsidiary organs of the United Nations.[5]
Funds and programmes
Throughout its history the United Nations General Assembly has established a number of programmes and funds to address particular humanitarian and development concerns. These bodies usually report to the General Assembly through an executive board of some type. Only one UN programme has ever closed in the history of the organisation, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), which ceased to exist in 1959 and was subsequently replaced by the UNHCR.
Each of the funds and programmes is headed by an Executive Director at the Under-Secretary-General level and is governed by an Executive Board. One former fund, the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), was merged with other elements of the United Nations System into a new organization, UN Women, in January 2011.
- International Trade Centre (ITC)
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR)
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
- United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
- United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT)
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
- United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)
- World Food Programme (WFP)
Research and training institutes
The various research and training institutes were established by the General Assembly to perform independent research and training. One former institute, the International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW), was merged with other elements of the United Nations System into a new organization, UN Women, in January 2011.
- United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR)
- United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)
- United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI)
- United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)
Secretariats of Conventions
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- UNCCD - United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
- UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- UNCLOS - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea established bodies:
Other entities
- Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
- United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women)
- United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS)
- United Nations System Staff College (UNSSC)
- United Nations University (UNU)
Specialized agencies
The specialized agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Nations and each other through the coordinating machinery of the Economic and Social Council. Each was integrated into the UN System by way of an agreement with the UN under UN Charter article 57.[4]
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
- International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
- International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
- International Labour Organization (ILO)
- International Maritime Organization (IMO)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
- Universal Postal Union (UPU)
- World Bank Group
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
- World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
- World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
- International Refugee Organization (IRO); ceased to exist in 1952
Related organizations
Some organizations have a relationship with the UN defined by an arrangement different from the agreements between the specialized agencies and the UN, which are establish under Articles 57 and 63 of the United Nations Charter.[10][11][12][4][13] [14][15][16] The executives of the IAEA and WTO are members of the United Nations System Chief Executives' Board for Coordination (CEB), like the other specialized agency's heads.[4][17]
The PrepCom for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization reports directly to the UN General Assembly.[11]
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
The relationship between the IAEA and the UN was established by a resolution of the UN General Assembly. Unlike the specialized agencies which report to ECOSOC, the IAEA reports directly to the General Assembly, as well as the Security Council and ECOSOC.[4] Like the other specialized agency's heads, their executives are part of the United Nations System Chief Executives' Board for Coordination (CEB).[4] Like the other specialized agency's heads, their executives are part of the United Nations System Chief Executives' Board for Coordination (CEB).[4]
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons reports directly to the UN General Assembly.[11]
- World Trade Organization (WTO)
The relationship between the WTO does not have a formal agreement with the UN. Instead, their relationship is governed by an exchanges of letters. The WTO also has a seat on the CEB.[4][14] Unlike the specialized agencies and the IAEA, the WTO has no reporting obligations towards any of the principal organs of the UN, but provides ad-hoc contribution to the work of the General Assembly and ECOSOC.[12]
Chief Executives Board and Senior Management Group
The United Nations Chief Executives' Board for Coordination (CEB) brings together on a regular basis the executive heads of the organizations of the United Nations System, under the chairmanship of the Secretary-General of the UN. The CEB aims to further co-ordination and co-operation on a whole range of substantive and management issues facing UN System organizations. In addition to its regular reviews of contemporary political issues and major concerns facing the UN System, the CEB approves policy statements on behalf of the UN System as a whole. Three committees report to the CEB, namely the High-level Committee on Programme (HCLP), the High-level Committee on Management (HCLM) and the UN Development Group (UNDG). Each of those bodies has, in turn, developed a subsidiary machinery of regular and ad hoc bodies on the substantive and managerial aspects of inter-agency co-ordination. The committee structure is supported by a CEB secretariat located in New York and Geneva.[18]
There is also a Senior Management Group, composed of some of the senior officials in the Secretariat and the funds and programmes at the Under-Secretary-General and Assistant Secretary-General rank, which serves as the cabinet of the Secretary-General.[19]
United Nations common system
The United Nations, its subsidiary bodies, thirteen of the specialized agencies (ILO, FAO, UNESCO, WHO, ICAO, UPU, ITU, WMO, IMO, WIPO, IFAD, UNDIO, and UNWTO), and one related body (IAEA) are part of the United Nations common system of salaries, allowances, and benefits administered by the International Civil Service Commission. Most, but not all, of the members of the United Nations System are part of the common system; the Bretton Woods institutions (i.e. the World Bank Group and the IMF) are notable exceptions. The WTO utilizes the OECD common system. The UN common system was established to prevent competition amongst organizations of the United Nations System for staff and to facilitate cooperation and exchange between organizations.[20]
Some international organizations that are not part of the United Nations System (and therefore not members of the common system) but who voluntarily follow the policies of the common system in whole or in part include:
- International Organization for Migration (IOM) [21]
- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) [22]
- Organization of American States (OAS) [23]
See also
- Outline of the United Nations
- United Nations System by location
- United Nations Member States
- League of Nations for a rudimentary model on which the UN System is based.
- Vienna formula
References
- ^ "NGLS Handbook". United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is not officially a part of the UN system ...
- ^ "UN System of Organizations". United Nations Global Marketplace. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
... the World Trade Organization, which is not part of the UN system.
- ^ "How to do business with the United Nations" (PDF). Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2003. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
... the World Trade Organization, which is not part of the UN system.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "The UN System, Chief Executives Board for Coordination". Unsceb.org. Retrieved 2013-01-22.
- ^ a b "Structure and Organization". Un.org. Retrieved 2013-01-22.
- ^ "United Nations Charter, Chapter III: Organs". United Nations. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
- ^ CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS: Chapter IV. UN.org.
- ^ General Assembly: Subsidiary organs. UN.org.
- ^ "Background Information". UN Economic and Social Council.
- ^ United Nations System of Organizations: "Entries listed in bold are members of the United Nations System's Chief Executives Board".
- ^ a b c The United Nations System chart, Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information, December 2007
- ^ a b The United Nations System chart, Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information, October 2011
- ^ Members of the Chief Executives Board
- ^ a b List of Agreements between Specialized Agencies and the United Nations
- ^ UN Structure and Organization
- ^ Organizational Chart of the UN System and the CEB
- ^ Members of the Chief Executives Board
- ^ "Chief Executives Board". Unsceb.org. 2007-12-31. Retrieved 2013-01-22.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Welcome to the International Civil Service Commission". Icsc.un.org. Retrieved 2013-01-22.
- ^ Staffing principles of IOM http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/about-iom/recruitment/staffing-principles-of-IOM
- ^ OSCE General conditions of employment http://www.osce.org/employment/18
- ^ Article 40 of the General Standards to govern the operations of the General Secretariat
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)