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Saeb Erekat, ARIJ & Peace Now represent the Palestinian position while your personal conclusions do not
except you keep missing these fundamental concepts Robertert. If the border changes that make it a part of Jerusalem arent recognised, they cant be neighborhoods
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[[Image:Tunnel to Gush Etzion.jpg|thumb|right|275px|A view of Gilo from [[Beit Jala]] in the south. Note the anti-sniper walls on the outer buildings and the "[[Highway 60 (Israel)|Tunnels Highway]]" below.]]
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[[Image:Gilo.jpg|thumb|280px|View of Gilo]]
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{{otheruses1|the Jerusalem settlement}}
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{{otheruses1|the Jerusalem neighbourhood}}
{{coor title dm|31|43|N|35|11|E|}}
{{coor title dm|31|43|N|35|11|E|}}
'''Gilo''' ({{lang-he|גילֹה}}) is a neighbourhood in southernwestern [[Jerusalem]] with a population of 40,000. <ref>[http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&cid=1196847346884 The strategic significance of Har Homa | Jerusalem Post<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It was built as part of the [[Neighborhoods of the Ring, Jerusalem|Ring Neighborhood project]] on land annexed by the Jerusalem municipality from the [[West Bank]] after the 1967 [[Six-Day War]],<ref>http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2000/12/Pictures%20from%20Gilo-%20Community%20under%20Siege%20-%20Decemb Community under siege</ref>, and is thus described by many sources as being an [[Israeli settlement]] in [[East Jerusalem]], although some of the land was purchased by Jews, both before the establishment of Israel and in the 1970s and 80s.<ref>''Who Owns What'' http://mondediplo.com/1997/09/palaut</ref><ref name=ARIJ>[http://www.poica.org/editor/case_studies/view.php?recordID=1025 "One more Obstacle to Peace": A new Israeli Neighborhood on the lands of Jerusalem city] Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem, 10 March 2007</ref>
'''Gilo''' ({{lang-he|גילֹה}}) is an [[Israeli Settlement]] and neighborhood of [[Jerusalem]], located in the [[West Bank]], south of [[East Jerusalem]]. It was established on land which has been [[de facto]] annexed by the [[Israel|State of Israel]] after the 1967 [[Six-Day War]].<ref name=FMP>[http://fmep.org/settlement_info/stats_data/east_jerusalem_settlements.html Settlements in East Jerusalem] Foundation for Middle East Peace</ref><ref name=UN2>[http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/2ee9468747556b2d85256cf60060d2a6/40cd7c47afa3f51285256b65006a9b7b!OpenDocument Letter dated 12 November 1986 from the Permanent Representative of Qatar to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General] United Nations</ref><ref name=APRIJ>[http://www.poica.org/editor/case_studies/view.php?recordID=1025 "One more Obstacle to Peace": A new Israeli Neighborhood on the lands of Jerusalem city] Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem, 10 March 2007</ref> Around 40,000 Israelis reside in the settlement, making it one of the largest in [[East Jerusalem]].<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&cid=1196847346884] Jerusalem Post</ref><ref name=FMP /><ref>[http://www.fmep.org/reports/pdf/FMEP_v17n4.pdf Oslo's last gasp: The implosion of the Palestinian Authority] Foundation for Middle East Peace</ref>

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==Biblical references==
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The biblical town of Gilo is mentioned in the [[Book of Joshua]] (Joshua 15:51) and the [[Book of Samuel]] (II Sam 15:12) as a town in the [[Judean Mountains|Judean hills]].<ref>[http://www.hatzola.org.il/gilo.asp Gilo & Har Choma<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==

Gilo lies on Slaiyeb mountain in the southwest quadrant of Jerusalem overlooking [[Beit Jala]]. It is separated from the more urban downtown by a large, forested recreation area. To Gilo's south, a deep gorge lies between it and Beit Jala. The [[Route 60 (Israel)|Tunnels Highway]] to [[Gush Etzion]] runs underneath it on the east, and the settlement of [[Har Gilo]], which shares its name, is visible across the gorge on the adjacent peak. North of Gilo are the Jerusalem neighbourhoods of [[Beit Safafa]] and [[Malha]].
Gilo lies on Slaiyeb mountain in the southwest quadrant of Jerusalem overlooking [[Beit Jala]]. It is separated from the more urban downtown by a large, forested recreation area. To Gilo's south, a deep gorge lies between it and Beit Jala. The [[Route 60 (Israel)|Tunnels Highway]] to [[Gush Etzion]] runs underneath it on the east, and the settlement of [[Har Gilo]], which shares its name, is visible across the gorge on the adjacent peak. North of Gilo are the Jerusalem neighbourhoods of [[Beit Safafa]] and [[Malha]].


==History==
==History==
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===Biblical references===
Between 1948 and 1967, the site of the neighborhood was used as a [[Jordanian Army]] camp.
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The biblical [[Judea]]n town of Gilo (from which the current settlement takes its name) is mentioned in the [[Book of Joshua]] (Joshua 15:51) and the [[Book of Samuel]] (II Sam 15:12) as a town in the [[Judean Mountains|Judean hills]].<ref>[http://www.hatzola.org.il/gilo.asp Gilo & Har Choma]</ref> Its name was preserved by the neighboring [[Bethlehem]] suburb of Beit Jala.


===Modern era===
Most of Gilo's land was owned by Jewish institutions prior to the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]],<ref>[http://world.std.com/~camera/docs/alert/ch-trib.html Letter to the Chicago Tribune] CAMERA</ref> though 2,700 [[dunam]]s of land used to build Gilo were confiscated by the Israeli government from the nearby Arab towns of [[Beit Jala]], [[Beit Safafa]] and [[Sharafat]], according to the Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem.<ref name=FMP>[http://fmep.org/settlement_info/stats_data/east_jerusalem_settlements.html Settlements in East Jerusalem] Foundation for Middle East Peace</ref><ref name=UN2>[http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/2ee9468747556b2d85256cf60060d2a6/40cd7c47afa3f51285256b65006a9b7b!OpenDocument Letter dated 12 November 1986 from the Permanent Representative of Qatar to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General] United Nations</ref><ref name=ARIJ/>
Some of Gilo's land was owned by Jewish institutions prior to the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]],<ref>[http://world.std.com/~camera/docs/alert/ch-trib.html Letter to the Chicago Tribune] CAMERA</ref> though more than 2,700 [[dunam]]s of land used to build Gilo were confiscated by the Israeli government from the nearby Arab towns of [[Beit Jala]], [[Beit Safafa]] and [[Sharafat]].<ref name=APRIJ /><ref>[http://www.kibush.co.il/show_file.asp?num=8766 מגזין הכיבוש Occupation Magazine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name=InsideIsrael>[http://www.israelinsider.com/views/articles/views_0124.htm " Is Beit Jala burning?"] Inside Israel, 4 September 2001</ref> Although the Israeli Government considers it a [[neighborhood]] of [[East Jerusalem]] since annexing East Jerusalem into Israel in 1980, this move was almost instantly rejected by the [[International Community]],<ref name=UN>[http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/3822b5e39951876a85256b6e0058a478/6de6da8a650b4c3b852560df00663826!OpenDocument Resolution 476 (1980)] United Nations</ref> who considers it an [[Israeli settlement]] and Illegal under [[International Law]].<ref name=UN /><ref name=UN2 /><ref name=FMP /><ref>[http://www.poica.org/editor/case_studies/view.php?recordID=995 The Incessant Expansions of the Illegal Israeli Settlements Puts the Peace Process at Stake] Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem, 3 February 2007</ref><ref>[http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1019876.stm Barak downbeat over Clinton talks]BBC News, 13 November 2000</ref><ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2007/12/mil-071207-voa09.htm</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1315755.stm Israel sticks to settlement policy] BBC News, 6 May 2001</ref><ref>[http://www.un.org/unrwa/emergency/barrier/f-phase.html The Impact of the First Phase of Barrier on UNRWA-Registered Refugees] UNWRA</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/world/middle_east/1492350.stm Spotlight: Why is Gilo so important?] BBC News, 16 August 2001</ref> In 2001, following pressure from an Israeli advocacy group [[CNN]] issued a memorandum to its staff stating that "We refer to Gilo as a 'Jewish neighborhood on the outskirts of Jerusalem'... We don't refer to it as a settlement." This drew criticism from a number of [[Palestinian state|Palestinians]] as well as some [[media watch group]]s.<ref>[http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=2645 Euphemisms for Israeli Settlements Confuse Coverage] [[Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting|FAIR]], August 2002</ref>


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[[Image:Gilo.jpg|thumb|280px|View of Gilo]]
===Controversial status===
===Shooting incidents===
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[[Image:Gilo Neighborhood - Jerusalem Israel.jpg|thumb|250px|View of anti-sniper barrier on Gilo's edge; Beit Jalla in the background.]]
Between 2000-2002, during the course of the [[Second Intifada]], over 400 incidences of shooting from Beit Jala into Gilo took place. Though no residents were killed, some were seriously injured and there was much damage to property.
Because it is located on land conquered from Jordan in the 1967 [[Six-Day War]] it is often called an [[Israeli settlement]] in [[East Jerusalem]].
In 2001, [[CNN]] issued a memorandum to its staff stating that "We refer to Gilo as a 'Jewish neighborhood on the outskirts of Jerusalem'... We don't refer to it as a settlement." This drew criticism from a number of [[Palestinian state|Palestinians]] as well as some [[media watch group]]s.<ref>[http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=2645] [[Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting|FAIR]]</ref>


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The mostly [[Palestinian Christian]] residents of Beit Jala reported that their homes were used against their will by Muslim militant groups, and believed that the strategy was designed to effect a [[Bethlehem#Demographic change|demographic change in the area]]. They point to the [[Tanzim]] militants' choice of Christian Beit Jala to shoot from over other places where they could have similarly targeted Jerusalem, and their specific positioning in or near Christian homes, hotels and churches such as St. Nicholas, as well as institutions like the Greek Orthodox club, and their knowledge that a slight deviation in Israeli return fire would harm the Christian buildings.<ref>Associated Press, as reported in Yoram Ettinger, "The Islamization of Bethlehem by Arafat," Jerusalem Cloakroom #117, Ariel Center for Policy Research, December 25, 2001.</ref>
===Sniper fire on Gilo===

In 2000-2002, there were 400 incidences of shooting across the valley from [[Beit Jala]] into Gilo by Palestinian militants, injuring Gilo residents and causing severe property damage.<ref>http://world.std.com/~camera/docs/alert/ch-trib.html</ref>
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[[Image:Gilo Neighborhood - Jerusalem Israel.jpg|thumb|250px|View of barrier between Gilo and Beit Jalla]]
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The residents of Beit Jala, mostly [[Palestinian Christians]], reported that their homes were used against their will by militant groups<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/middle_east/1492350.stm BBC News | MIDDLE EAST | Spotlight: Why is Gilo so important?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, and believed that the strategy was designed to effect a [[Bethlehem#Demographic change|demographic change in the area]]. They point to the [[Tanzim]]'s choice of Christian Beit Jala to shoot from, and their specific positioning in or near Christian homes, hotels and churches such as St. Nicholas, as well as institutions like the Greek Orthodox club, in the knowledge that Israeli return fire would harm the Christian buildings.<ref>Associated Press, as reported in Yoram Ettinger, "The Islamization of Bethlehem by Arafat," Jerusalem Cloakroom #117, Ariel Center for Policy Research, December 25, 2001.</ref>
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[[Image:Tunnel to Gush Etzion.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A view of Gilo from [[Beit Jala]] showing entrance to the [[Highway 60 (Israel)|Tunnels Highway]]]]


Andreas Reinecke, head of the German Liaison office to the [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]], protested:
Andreas Reinecke, head of the German Liaison office to the [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]], protested:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
I would like to draw your attention in this letter to a number of incidents which occurred at "Talitakoumi" school in Beit Jala...which is funded mainly by the Protestant Church in Berlin. Over the last few days the school staff noticed attempts on the part of several armed Palestinians to use the school premises and some of its gardens for their activities. If they succeed in doing this, an Israeli reaction will be inevitable. This will have a negative impact on the continuation of the functioning of the school, in which no less than 1,000 [Christian] Palestinians study....You cannot imagine the kind of upheaval which will be provoked among the supporters of this school [in Germany] should they discover that the school premises are used as a battle ground.<ref>Letter from Andreas Reinecke to Colonel [[Jibril Rajoub]], Head of the PA Preventive Security Apparatus in the West Bank, May 5, 2002, from IDF Spokesperson, May 12, 2002.</ref>
I would like to draw your attention in this letter to a number of incidents which occurred at "Talitakoumi" school in Beit Jala...which is funded mainly by the Protestant Church in Berlin. Over the last few days the school staff noticed attempts on the part of several armed Palestinians to use the school premises and some of its gardens for their activities. If they succeed in doing this, an Israeli reaction will be inevitable. This will have a negative impact on the continuation of the functioning of the school, in which no less than 1,000 [Christian] Palestinians study....You cannot imagine the kind of upheaval which will be provoked among the supporters of this school [in Germany] should they discover that the school premises are used as a battle ground.<ref>Letter from Andreas Reinecke to Colonel Jibril Rajoub, Head of the PA Preventive Security Apparatus in the West Bank, May 5, 2002, from IDF Spokesperson, May 12, 2002.</ref>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


The [[Politics of Israel|Israeli government]] built a concrete barrier to deflect gunfire and bulletproofed the outer row of homes, mostly on Ha'anafa Street, which directly overlooks Beit Jalla.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2000/10/Excerpts%20from%20Briefing%20by%20Jerusalem%20Mayor%20Ehud%20Olm Mayor briefing]</ref>
Eventually the [[Politics of Israel|Israeli Government]] bulletproofed the outer row of homes.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2000/10/Excerpts%20from%20Briefing%20by%20Jerusalem%20Mayor%20Ehud%20Olm Excerpts from Briefing by Jerusalem Mayor Ehud Olmert on the Situation in Jerusalem] Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 24 October 2000</ref>
The shooting on Gilo ceased completely after [[Operation Defensive Shield]].
The shooting on Gilo ceased completely only after [[Operation Defensive Shield]].


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Positions on Jerusalem]]
*[[Positions on Jerusalem]]
* [[Har Gilo]]

==External sources==
*''Israel sticks to settlement policy'' BBC, May 6, 2001[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1315755.stm]
*''Ahalan, Miss Seamline: Israeli and Palestinian beauties preen for peace'' [http://web.israelinsider.com/Articles/Culture/6679.htm]
*NY Times correspondent Cliford May on life in Gilo [http://www.davidproject.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=309&Itemid=1]
*Gilo Park designed by Shlomo Aronson [http://216.239.59.104/search?q=cache:UxFM5oVNOMAJ:www.s-aronson.co.il/Gilo-Park.html+parks+gilo&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2]
*Community services in Gilo [http://www.tehilla.com/aliya/places.asp?id=84]


== References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


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[[Category:Al-Aqsa Intifada]]
[[Category:Al-Aqsa Intifada]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem]]


[[he:גילה]]
[[he:גילה]]

Revision as of 06:56, 22 April 2008

A view of Gilo from Beit Jala in the south. Note the anti-sniper walls on the outer buildings and the "Tunnels Highway" below.
For other uses, see the Jerusalem settlement.

31°43′N 35°11′E / 31.717°N 35.183°E / 31.717; 35.183 Gilo (Hebrew: גילֹה) is an Israeli Settlement and neighborhood of Jerusalem, located in the West Bank, south of East Jerusalem. It was established on land which has been de facto annexed by the State of Israel after the 1967 Six-Day War.[1][2][3] Around 40,000 Israelis reside in the settlement, making it one of the largest in East Jerusalem.[4][1][5]

Geography

Gilo lies on Slaiyeb mountain in the southwest quadrant of Jerusalem overlooking Beit Jala. It is separated from the more urban downtown by a large, forested recreation area. To Gilo's south, a deep gorge lies between it and Beit Jala. The Tunnels Highway to Gush Etzion runs underneath it on the east, and the settlement of Har Gilo, which shares its name, is visible across the gorge on the adjacent peak. North of Gilo are the Jerusalem neighbourhoods of Beit Safafa and Malha.

History

Biblical references

The biblical Judean town of Gilo (from which the current settlement takes its name) is mentioned in the Book of Joshua (Joshua 15:51) and the Book of Samuel (II Sam 15:12) as a town in the Judean hills.[6] Its name was preserved by the neighboring Bethlehem suburb of Beit Jala.

Modern era

Some of Gilo's land was owned by Jewish institutions prior to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War,[7] though more than 2,700 dunams of land used to build Gilo were confiscated by the Israeli government from the nearby Arab towns of Beit Jala, Beit Safafa and Sharafat.[3][8][9] Although the Israeli Government considers it a neighborhood of East Jerusalem since annexing East Jerusalem into Israel in 1980, this move was almost instantly rejected by the International Community,[10] who considers it an Israeli settlement and Illegal under International Law.[10][2][1][11][12][13][14][15][16] In 2001, following pressure from an Israeli advocacy group CNN issued a memorandum to its staff stating that "We refer to Gilo as a 'Jewish neighborhood on the outskirts of Jerusalem'... We don't refer to it as a settlement." This drew criticism from a number of Palestinians as well as some media watch groups.[17]

File:Gilo.jpg
View of Gilo

Shooting incidents

Between 2000-2002, during the course of the Second Intifada, over 400 incidences of shooting from Beit Jala into Gilo took place. Though no residents were killed, some were seriously injured and there was much damage to property.

The mostly Palestinian Christian residents of Beit Jala reported that their homes were used against their will by Muslim militant groups, and believed that the strategy was designed to effect a demographic change in the area. They point to the Tanzim militants' choice of Christian Beit Jala to shoot from over other places where they could have similarly targeted Jerusalem, and their specific positioning in or near Christian homes, hotels and churches such as St. Nicholas, as well as institutions like the Greek Orthodox club, and their knowledge that a slight deviation in Israeli return fire would harm the Christian buildings.[18]

View of barrier between Gilo and Beit Jalla

Andreas Reinecke, head of the German Liaison office to the Palestinian Authority, protested:

I would like to draw your attention in this letter to a number of incidents which occurred at "Talitakoumi" school in Beit Jala...which is funded mainly by the Protestant Church in Berlin. Over the last few days the school staff noticed attempts on the part of several armed Palestinians to use the school premises and some of its gardens for their activities. If they succeed in doing this, an Israeli reaction will be inevitable. This will have a negative impact on the continuation of the functioning of the school, in which no less than 1,000 [Christian] Palestinians study....You cannot imagine the kind of upheaval which will be provoked among the supporters of this school [in Germany] should they discover that the school premises are used as a battle ground.[19]

Eventually the Israeli Government bulletproofed the outer row of homes.[20] The shooting on Gilo ceased completely only after Operation Defensive Shield.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Settlements in East Jerusalem Foundation for Middle East Peace
  2. ^ a b Letter dated 12 November 1986 from the Permanent Representative of Qatar to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General United Nations
  3. ^ a b "One more Obstacle to Peace": A new Israeli Neighborhood on the lands of Jerusalem city Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem, 10 March 2007
  4. ^ [1] Jerusalem Post
  5. ^ Oslo's last gasp: The implosion of the Palestinian Authority Foundation for Middle East Peace
  6. ^ Gilo & Har Choma
  7. ^ Letter to the Chicago Tribune CAMERA
  8. ^ מגזין הכיבוש Occupation Magazine
  9. ^ " Is Beit Jala burning?" Inside Israel, 4 September 2001
  10. ^ a b Resolution 476 (1980) United Nations
  11. ^ The Incessant Expansions of the Illegal Israeli Settlements Puts the Peace Process at Stake Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem, 3 February 2007
  12. ^ Barak downbeat over Clinton talksBBC News, 13 November 2000
  13. ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2007/12/mil-071207-voa09.htm
  14. ^ Israel sticks to settlement policy BBC News, 6 May 2001
  15. ^ The Impact of the First Phase of Barrier on UNRWA-Registered Refugees UNWRA
  16. ^ Spotlight: Why is Gilo so important? BBC News, 16 August 2001
  17. ^ Euphemisms for Israeli Settlements Confuse Coverage FAIR, August 2002
  18. ^ Associated Press, as reported in Yoram Ettinger, "The Islamization of Bethlehem by Arafat," Jerusalem Cloakroom #117, Ariel Center for Policy Research, December 25, 2001.
  19. ^ Letter from Andreas Reinecke to Colonel Jibril Rajoub, Head of the PA Preventive Security Apparatus in the West Bank, May 5, 2002, from IDF Spokesperson, May 12, 2002.
  20. ^ Excerpts from Briefing by Jerusalem Mayor Ehud Olmert on the Situation in Jerusalem Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 24 October 2000
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