Jump to content

Fitna (film): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
Undid revision 204266307 by Arcayne (talk)Please do not Revert 4 editors over 6 times-use discussion FIRST
same argument = still wrong, See discussion
Line 4: Line 4:
| image_size = <!-- Use this parameter only if the image width being used is smaller than 200px. -->
| image_size = <!-- Use this parameter only if the image width being used is smaller than 200px. -->
| caption = Title card for Fitna
| caption = Title card for Fitna
| director = Scarlet Pimpernel
| director =
| producer = <!-- None given in the movie's credits. -->
| producer = <!-- None given in the movie's credits. -->
| writer = [[Geert Wilders]]<br />Scarlet Pimpernel
| writer = [[Geert Wilders]]<br />
| narrator =
| narrator =
| starring =
| starring =
| music = [[Edvard Grieg]]<br />[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]
| music = [[Edvard Grieg]]<br />[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]
| cinematography =
| cinematography =
| editing = Scarlet Pimpernel
| editing =
| distributor = [[Liveleak]]
| distributor = [[Liveleak]]
| released = [[March 27]], [[2008]]<br />[[April 6]], [[2008]]
| released = [[March 27]], [[2008]]<br />[[April 6]], [[2008]]

Revision as of 19:44, 8 April 2008

Fitna
Title card for Fitna
Written byGeert Wilders
Music byEdvard Grieg
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Distributed byLiveleak
Release dates
March 27, 2008
April 6, 2008
Running time
16:48
CountryThe Netherlands
LanguagesDutch
English
Arabic
Persian

Fitna is a 2008 short film by Dutch parliamentarian Geert Wilders. The film explores Qur'anic motivation for terrorism, Islamic universalism, and Islam in the Netherlands. The film's title comes from the Arabic word fitna which is used to describe "disagreement and division among people", or a "test of faith in times of trial".[1]

On March 27 2008, Fitna was released to the Internet on the video sharing website Liveleak in Dutch and English versions. The following day, Liveleak removed the film from their servers citing serious threats to their staff. On March 30, Fitna was restored on Liveleak following a security upgrade, but was promptly removed by Wilders after the copyrighted Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons were used without permission. A second edition featuring a new cartoon was released on April 6.

Production

The Friends of the PVV foundation commissioned the film. It contracted a production company credited in the film as "Scarlet Pimpernel", a name adopted for fear of reprisal.[2]

Release

The exact nature of Fitna's release had been uncertain up until its official launch. This was due to concerns of the legality of its content and anticipated acts of terrorism. The Dutch press centre Nieuwspoort offered to release the film, on the condition that Wilders would pay for the increased security required during the press conference and the weeks after it. Wilders declined to do so, citing prohibitive costs.[3][4]

Having failed to successfully negotiate a transmission of the film with any Dutch television station,[5][6][7] Wilders created a website, www.fitnathemovie.com, on March 5, 2008 with the intention of releasing the film.[8][9][10] However, this was subsequently suspended (see below).

On March 22, the Dutch Muslim Broadcasting Association (NMO) offered to air the film, on the proviso that it could be previewed for any possible illegal material and that Wilders would take part in a debate with proponents and opponents afterwards.[11][12] Wilders declined, quoted as saying "No way, NMO."[13]

Wilders released the film on March 27 2008 at 7 p.m. CET on the video website Liveleak.[14] The following day, Liveleak removed the film from their servers after receiving threats which they described as being "of a very serious nature".[15][16][17] The film soon appeared on various BitTorrent and video sharing websites.[18]

Liveleak reinstated Fitna on March 30, after security upgrades offering increased protection to its staff had been implemented.[19] Soon after, Wilders withdrew the film[20] to make some minor edits, such as removing the copyrighted Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons[21] and the photograph of Salah Edin, a rapper wrongly identified as Mohammed Bouyeri, in response to lawsuits.[22] Kurt Westergaard, the cartoonist, was pleased with the news and believed the lawsuit would be dropped.[21]

A revised edition, containing a new cartoon in place of the contentious one, and a corrected picture of Bouyeri, was released on Liveleak on April 6.[23]

Plot

The movie shows a selection of Suras from the Qur'an, interspersed with newspaper clippings and media clips with The Arabian Dance and Åses død as an underscore.[24][25][26]

Themes

Wilders has said the 15-minute film will show how verses from the Qur'an are being used today to incite modern Muslims to behave violently and anti-democratically based on those verses.[27][28][29] He later described the film as “a call to shake off the creeping tyranny of Islamization,”[30] and a push for a Leitkultur, a culture that “draws on Christian, Jewish, humanistic traditions and that poses a challenge to the Islamic problem.”[31]

The Qur'an and Terrorism

Al-Anfal 60 is shown next to a video of the attacks of September 11.

The film starts with a warning to the viewer that the movie contains "very shocking images".[32] A caricature of the Prophet Muhammad with a bomb on his head is shown next to a timer counting down from 15 minutes.[33]

Suras are juxtaposed to video clips of Imams stating Islamic teaching, and videos of violent atrocities committed in the name of Islam, including major terrorist attacks.[34]

The first Sura of the film, Al-Anfal verse 60[8:60], is translated as:

"Prepare for them whatever force and cavalry ye are able of gathering, to strike terror, to strike terror into the hearts of the enemies, of Allah and your enemies."

Footage of the September 11 attacks are shown, followed by the Madrid train bombings.[35] An unidentified Imam rises above the smoke and declares "Allah is happy when non-muslims get killed." Stills taken from the 7 July 2005 London bombings show an exploded bus and the underground train.

The next Sura, An-Nisa verse 56[4:56], is shown as a justification for Islamic antisemitism. Sheikh Bakr Al-Samarai is shown raising a sword while declaring: "If Allah permits us, oh nation of Mohammed, even the stone will say Oh Muslim A Jew is hiding behind me, come and cut off his head. And we shall cut off his head! By Allah, we shall cut it off! Oh Jews! Allahu Akbar! Jihad for the sake of Allah!"[36] An auditorium of several hundred people respond with approving chants and fist shaking.[37]

Following this, a three year old Muslim girl, says that Jews are "apes and pigs"[38] because "Allah" said so "in the Qur'an"[39] in an interview on Iqraa TV.[40] More antisemitism is shown by an unidentified Imam, who says: "The Jews are Jews. They are the ones who must be butchered and killed."[41] Child soldiers are shown holding guns in uniform.

Sura 47, verse 4[47:4] is shown in relation to the murder of Dutch film director Theo Van Gogh, committed by Mohammed Bouyeri. Bouyeri is reported as saying: "If I had the opportunity to get out of prison, and I had the opportunity to do it again, what I did on November 2nd, Allah I would have done exactly the same."[42] Protesters are shown supporting Van Gogh's murder, warning others to heed the lesson or "pay with your blood".

Dutch newspaper headlines are reproduced, outlining intimidating threats of murder to prominent critics of Islam,[43] followed by footage of Eugene Armstrong's beheading. Armstrong's decapitated head is shown held up by Al-Qaeda terrorists.[44][45][46]

The Qur'an as a Means for Islamic Universalism

Ayatollah 'Ali Meshkini speaks at a friday sermon, declaring "Islam is a religion that wants to rule the world. It has done so before and eventually, will rule it again".[47]

Sura 4, verse 89[4:89] is heard, and translated here as:

"They but wish that ye should reject faith, as they do, and thus be on the same footing as they, so take not friends from their ranks until they flee in the way of Allah. But if they turn renegades, seize them and kill them wherever ye find them, and take no friends or helpers from their ranks."

This is shown through a Vox pop: "If someone converts to Christianity, he deserves the death penalty," which refers to the punishment of death for apostasy in Islam. An unidentified Imam declares: "Islam is (more) superior than the Jews, than the Christians, than the Buddhists, than the Hindus. The only (law) Allah accepts is Islam.[citation needed]" A short video clip shows ethnic Albanians attacking a Serbian Orthodox Church in Kosovo during the 2004 unrest.[48]

Headlines concerning assaults and death threats to former Muslims Ehsan Jami, Salman Rushdie and Hirsi Ali are shown.

The final Sura used in the film is Sura 8, verse 39[8:39]:

"Fight them until there is no dissension, and the religion is entirely Allah's."[43]

President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran is quoted as saying:

The message of the Revolution is global, and is not restricted to a specific place or time. Have no doubt... Allah willing, Islam will conquer what? It will conquer all the mountain tops of the world.[49]

Ibrahim Mudeiris is seen speaking to a congregation. He says: "We have ruled the world before, and by Allah, the day will come when we will rule the entire world again! The day will come when we will rule America. The day will come when we rule Britain and the entire world!"[50] Abdul Rahman Saleem speaks in English: "You will take over the USA! You will take over the UK! You will take over Europe! You will defeat them all! You will get victory! You will take over Egypt! We trust in Allah!"[51] Demonstrators outside the Danish embassy to Britain are shown holding signs that read: "Islam will dominate the world" and "Freedom go to hell".[52][53]

Islam and the Netherlands

A Muslim woman is shown in preparation for female circumcision.

The final segment of the film deals with issues related to Islam in the Netherlands, under the heading: "The Netherlands under the spell of Islam".[54] These issues include Islamist opposition to democracy, Islamic views on homosexuality and women's treatment in Islam.[55]

An unidentified person claims that "The mosque will be part of the system of the government of Holland", in an apparent refusal to accept liberal democracy. Wilders' political ambitions may be found more readily here, as shown through his use of juxtaposing a newspaper headline "Cabinet: no ban on burqa" against a Muslim woman fully covered up. A graph illustrating the number of Muslims in Holland since 1909 is shown against a background of Muslim women.[56] Dutch police are shown removing their shoes before entering a mosque. A Dutch Muslim expresses his desire to enact an honor killing if his mother or sister commits zina, the Islamic concept of extramarital sex. Another condemns homosexuality, saying "Islam considers something like that a crime."

A postcard is shown, ostensibly from Holland, with pictures of mosques in place of visitor attractions, with the words "Groeten uit Nederland" (Greetings from The Netherlands) superimposed.[57]

Audio recordings that are said to have been taken from mosques in Holland show Imams denouncing political parties, "worldly concepts like liberalism [and] democracy." Another states that adulterers must be "stoned" to death. A graphic image of gays being hanged, under Sharia law[58] is a depiction of a possible future dystopian Holland. Children of Shia muslims are shown with blood covering their faces,[56][59][60] having been cut with knives by older people as per the tradition of the Day of Ashura. A series of clips show female circumcision,[61][62] a decapitated woman's head lying on a floor,[63] and a woman dressed in a burqa being shot through the head by a man.[64]

Finally, a succession of newspaper headlines are shown, containing stories related to Islam in the Netherlands, their views, actions, ambitions and politics.[65] Some verified headlines are:

  • "Sudanese demand execution of British 'miss teddy bear'" (see Sudanese teddy bear blasphemy case)
  • "Almost half of young Moroccans anti-western"[66]
  • "Moroccans throw gay in water"[67]
  • "Throw gays from tall buildings"[68]
  • "Al-Qaeda proclaims death penalty Jihad against Wilders"[69]

The movie ends with a hand seen gripping a page of the Qur'an and a call to action from Wilders to defeat “Islamist ideology”, likening it to Communism and Nazism.[70][65]

Suras

An-Nisa 56 translated here as: "Those who have disbelieved our signs, we shall roast them in fire. Whenever their skins are cooked to a turn, we shall substitute new skins for them, that they may feel the punishment; Verily Allah is sublime and wise."

The following Suras are mentioned in Fitna in order of appearance[71]

Sura Title Verse
8 Al-Anfal (The Spoils of War) 60 [8:60]
4 An-Nisa (The Women) 56 [4:56]
47 Muhammad (Muhammad)   4 [47:4]
4 An-Nisa (The Women) 89 [4:89]
8 Al-Anfal (The Spoils of War) 39 [8:39]

Salah Edin

In the first edition of the film, and removed from the second edition,[23]when referring to the murder of Theo van Gogh a picture of the Dutch rapper Salah Edin is displayed instead of the murderer Mohammed Bouyeri.[72][73][74] The picture was shot for the rapper's album 'Nederlands Grootste Nachtmerrie' (Netherlands' Worst Nightmare), which according to the singer's website, was shot to be 'exactly like the mugshot of convicted killer Mohamed B'.[75] A 2007 article by Dutch newspaper De Dag had captioned an article about the killer with the shot. On that occasion, Salah Edin's received an out-of-court libel settlement for the publication.[76] The photo was said by the rapper to be intended to depict "the way the average white Dutch citizen sees me, as a young Moroccan Muslim radical. That's why I chose to do this picture and use it for the front cover of my album. It is in no way supporting the deeds of Mohamed B".[76]

Reaction

International reaction to Fitna consisted of universal condemnation across the international community, several fatawā against Geert Wilders, and attempts by Southeast Asian countries to censor the film. The Dutch government immediately distanced itself from the film. Non-governmental organizations have organized boycotts against Dutch products.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Hold your breath: 'Fitna' spreading seeds of hatred". Today's Zaman. 2008-03-29. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  2. ^ "Rapper wil 25.000 euro van Wilders". Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (in Dutch). de Volkskrant. 2008-04-07. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
  3. ^ "Wilders ziet af van persconferentie film". Partij voor de Vrijheid (in Dutch). 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-03-12.
  4. ^ "Film Wilders niet in Nieuwspoort". de Pers, Netherlands. 2008-03-11. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  5. ^ "Press Review 29 February 2008". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 2008-02-29. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  6. ^ "Dutch television stations refuse anti-Qur'an film". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 2008-03-06. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  7. ^ "Geen enkele omroep wil film Wilders uitzenden". de Volkskrant, Netherlands. 2008-03-05. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  8. ^ "Wilders' film website goes online". de Volkskrant, Netherlands. 2008-03-05. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  9. ^ "Dutch protest against Islam critic's Koran film". Reuters. 2008-03-22. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  10. ^ "Dutch draw on past crises to deal with Islam film Page 2, "As no broadcaster has agreed to show it, it is expected to be released on the Internet on March 28."". Reuters. 2008-03-14. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  11. ^ Karadarevic, Ana (2008-03-22). "Moslimomroep kandidaat voor Fitna". De Pers (in Dutch). Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  12. ^ "Wilders slaat aanbod moslimomroep af" (in Dutch). De Telegraaf, Nederland. 2008-03-23. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  13. ^ "Wilders: ,,No way, NMO". Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau. 2008-03-24. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  14. ^ "Dutch lawmaker's film criticizing Islam finds Web host". CNN. 2008-03-27. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  15. ^ "Film critical of Islam dropped from Web site". CNN. 2008-03-28. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  16. ^ "Threats push anti-Qur'an film Fitna offline". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 2008-03-28. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  17. ^ Claburn, Thomas (2008-03-28). "Anti-Islamic Film Taken Offline Following Threats". InformationWeek. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  18. ^ Shamah, David (2008-04-01). "The fit over 'Fitna'". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  19. ^ "Anti-Islam film back on LiveLeak website". Agence France-Presse. Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2008-04-01. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  20. ^ Goodenough, Patrick (2008-04-02). "YouTube Warned to Remove Koran Film". Cybercast News Service. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  21. ^ a b Sterling, Toby (2008-04-01). "Dutch Lawmaker to Edit Anti-Quran Film". Associated Press. WTOP-FM. Retrieved 2008-04-02. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  22. ^ "Far-right Dutch MP will fix errors in 'Fitna' - except its Islamophobia". Agence France-Presse. Daily Star. 2008-04-01. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  23. ^ a b "Thousands demonstrate against Fitna in Karachi". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 2008-04-06. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  24. ^ Blokker, Bas (2008-03-28). "Fitna the Movie: not hyperbole or metaphor but repetition". NRC Handelsblad. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  25. ^ Schaerlaeckens, Leander (2008-03-28). "'Fitna' premiere fails to shock". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  26. ^ "Film by Dutch Islam critic released online". Malaysia Sun. 2008-03-27. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  27. ^ "Koranfilm Wilders heet 'het kwaad'". telegraaf.nl (in Dutch). 2008-02-09. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  28. ^ Murray, Douglas (2008-03-12). "A film-maker who lives in the shadow of a fatwa". Spectator.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
  29. ^ "Nieuwsbrief Maart". Nieuwsbrief - Partij voor de Vrijheid (The PVV) (Mailing list). 2008-03-11. Retrieved 2008-03-11. {{cite mailing list}}: Unknown parameter |mailinglist= ignored (|mailing-list= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ Park, Michael (2008-01-21). "Iran Warns Netherlands Not to Air Controversial 'Anti-Muslim' Film". FOX News. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  31. ^ Traufetter, Gerald (2008-03-31). "SPIEGEL Interview with Dutch Populist Geert Wilders: 'Moderate Islam Is a Contradiction'". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  32. ^ van der Galien, Michael (2008-03-27). "Explosive Dutch Koran Film Goes Online". Pajamas Media. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  33. ^ Mink, Junia (2008-03-28). "Dutch Film Against Islam Posted on Web". eNews 2.0. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  34. ^ Crouch, Gregory (2008-03-29). "Controversy as anti-Islam film spreads across internet". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  35. ^ Sterling, Toby (2008-03-28). "Dutch await reaction after MP releases film on Qur'an". Associated Press. The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  36. ^ Stalinsky, Steven (2008-04-04). "Friday Sermons on Iraqi TV: October 2002 - March 2003". MEMRI. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
  37. ^ Fendel, Hillel (2008-03-30). "Arutz Sheva Posts Censored "Fitna" Movie Explaining Islam". Israel National News. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
  38. ^ "Right-Wing Populist Wilders Releases Anti-Koran Film". Der Spiegel. 2008-03-27. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  39. ^ Arlandson, James (2005-01-26). "Allah's special little apes and pigs". The American Thinker. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  40. ^ "3-Year-old Egyptian Basmallah: Jews Are Apes and Pigs". memritv.org. 2002-05-07. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  41. ^ Silverberg, Mark (2008-03-30). "Why the Dutch are Wrong". International Analyst Network. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  42. ^ Browne, Anthony (2005-07-12). "Muslim radical confesses to Van Gogh killing in court tirade". The Times. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  43. ^ a b "NEWS ALERT: Christians Anxious As Fitna Film Is Posted Online". BosNewsLife News Agency. 2008-03-28. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  44. ^ "Militants in Iraq Behead U.S. Hostage and Threaten 2 Others". The New York Times. 2004-09-20. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
  45. ^ "Clip of Eugene Armstrong beheading" (Google Video). Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. 2007-05-20. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
  46. ^ Klausen, Jyette (2008-03-28). "Taking a Cue from the Danish Cartoon Scandal". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
  47. ^ "Ayatollah Meshkini In A Friday Sermon in Qom: An Islamic Rule Under Ayatollah Sistani Is Required in". MEMRI. 2004-07-02. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  48. ^ "Persecution of Kosovo Christians Said to Reveal Larger Threat". Cybercast News Service. 2005-08-15. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
  49. ^ Al-Awsat, Al-Sharq (2005-06-29). "Iran's New President Glorifies Martyrdom". MEMRI. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  50. ^ Fendel, Hillel (2008-03-30). "Arutz Sheva Posts Censored "Fitna" Movie Explaining Islam". Israel National News. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  51. ^ Kimery, Anthony (2008-03-27). "Web Host Bans Film on Islamists". Homeland Security Today. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  52. ^ "Cartoon protests hit UK". The Sun. 2006-02-03. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  53. ^ "Cartoon protest slogans condemned". BBC. 2006-02-05. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  54. ^ Brea, Jennifer (2008-03-28). "Dutch Politician Releases Anti-Quran Film Online". About.com. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
  55. ^ Sterling, Toby (2008-03-29). "Muslims Denounce Film Critizing Islam". Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  56. ^ a b "Anti-Islam Movie Fitna Leaked Online". HULIQ. 2008-03-27. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  57. ^ Traufetter, Gerald (2008-03-28). "Wilders Sparks Political Protest". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  58. ^ "Public execution for the teenagers convicted of rape". The Times, London. 2005-07-22. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  59. ^ "Dutch politician releases film on the internet attacking Islam". Daily Mail. 2008-03-28. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
  60. ^ Thomasson, Emma (2008-03-27). "Dutch MP launches anti-Koran film online". Reuters. Scientific American. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  61. ^ "Dutch MP posts anti-Islam film". News Limited. 2008-03-28. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  62. ^ Thomasson, Emma (2008-03-28). "Dutch MP launches anti-Koran film on Internet - party". Reuters. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  63. ^ "Dutch Quran film website shut down". Al Jazeera English. 2008-03-22. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  64. ^ Moore, Molly (2008-03-28). "Online, a Violent View of Islam". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
  65. ^ a b Simone, Samira (2008-03-27). "Dutch lawmaker's film criticizing Islam finds Web host". CNN. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  66. ^ "Bijna helft jonge Marokkanen antiwesters". De Volkskrant, Nederland. 2006-06-14. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  67. ^ "Marokkanen gooien homo in het water". De Telegraaf, Nederland. 2007-05-25. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  68. ^ "Islam-gids: 'Gooi homo's van hoge gebouwen'". De Volkskrant, Nederland. 2004-04-22. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  69. ^ "Wilders death threats confirmed". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 2008-02-27. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  70. ^ Steen, Michael (2008-03-28). "Dutch MP releases anti-Koran film". Financial Times. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  71. ^ El-Buri, Rehab (2008-03-28). "Uproar Over Anti-Islam Film Falls Flat". ABC News. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  72. ^ "Bieslog - DE film (2)". VPRO (in Dutch). 2008-03-27. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  73. ^ Traufetter, Gerald (2008-03-27). "Koranfeindliches Video veröffentlicht - Protest gegen Rechtspopulist Wilders". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  74. ^ Al-Tahawy, Amira (2008-03-28). "Fitna, Much ado about nothing?". Menassat. Retrieved 2008-03-28. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  75. ^ Lagendijk, Robert (2007-05-10). "Salah Edin legt toch eed af in treinkrant DAG". VPRO (in Dutch). Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  76. ^ a b "News" – page on Salah Edin's website.

Template:Muslims and controversies footer