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Coordinates: 51°06′N 20°30′E / 51.1°N 20.5°E / 51.1; 20.5
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* Bivalves
* Bivalves
* Crustaceans
* Crustaceans
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|style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''[[Ptychoplasma]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pieńkowski |first=G. |last2=Uchman |first2=A. |date=2009 |title=Ptychoplasma conica isp. nov.: a new bivalve locomotion trace fossil from the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) alluvial sediments of Sołtyków, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland |url=https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/entities/publication/e7dbe0c3-20e3-4de3-b4dc-543fe5005ea0 |journal=Geological Quarterly |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=397-406}}</ref>
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* ''P. conica''
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* Soltyków
|style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Locomotion trace
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* Repichnia
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* Gastropods
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Revision as of 21:18, 27 November 2024

Zagaje Formation
Stratigraphic range: Lower Hettangian-Lower Sinemurian~200–196 Ma
[1]
Exposed Layers at Sołtyków
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofKamienna Group
Sub-unitsHuta Mudstone Member
Underlies
OverliesUnnamed Rhaetian Beds
AreaPolish epicontinental basin except of the Mazury region and Czêstochowa region. Reaches also into north Germany
Thickness157.5 m
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherMudstone
Location
Coordinates51°06′N 20°30′E / 51.1°N 20.5°E / 51.1; 20.5
Approximate paleocoordinates43°06′N 18°48′E / 43.1°N 18.8°E / 43.1; 18.8
RegionSwietokrzyskie
Country
Type section
Named forThe Town of Zagaje near Gromadzice
Named byKaraszewski (as an informal unit)[3]
Yewtharaptor/sandbox is located in Poland
Yewtharaptor/sandbox
Yewtharaptor/sandbox (Poland)

The Zagaje Formation is an Early Jurassic Epoch (Hettangian-Sinemurian) geologic formation located mostly in Poland with layers also exposed in north Germany. This unit is known for its diverse Ichnofossil assemblages, with traces of invertebrates along vertebrate footprints. Indeterminate fossil ornithischian tracks, of the Hettangian Stage, have been reported from the formation.[4] The Zagaje Formation correlates with The lower part of the Höganäs Formation in Scania, as well the Munkerup Member and the Gassum Formation in Denmark.[1]

Biota

Ichnofossils

Several unname Ichnofossils are recovered at Soltyków, including conical domichnia (Conichnus?), bivalve straight to winding linear trails, smooth vertical and subvertical branching tunnels, knob-walled tunnels, mace-shaped or irregular ellipsoid chambers, etc.[5][6]

Genus Species Location Material Type Made By Images
Calceoformites[5][6]
  • C. uchmani
  • Soltyków
Clog-shaped protrusions
  • Equilibrichnia
  • Bivalves
Cruziana[5][6]
  • C. problematica
  • cf.C. isp
  • Soltyków
Dwelling structures
  • Fugichnia
  • Domichnia
Cochlichnus[1][5]
  • C. isp.
  • Gromadzice
  • Kontrewers
  • Odrowaz
  • Soltyków
Traces
  • Fodichnia
  • Annelids
  • Insect larvae
  • Nematodes
Conichnus[1][5][6]
  • C. isp.
  • Gromadzice
  • Kontrewers
  • Odrowaz
  • Soltyków
Subcylindrical burrows
  • Fugichnia
  • Domichnia
  • Annelids
  • Nematodes
  • Crustaceans
Diplichnites[5][6]
  • D. isp.
  • Soltyków
Hypichnial trackway
  • Repichnia
  • Insects
  • Myriapods
  • Arachnids
Diplocraterion[1][5]
  • D. parallelum
  • Gromadzice
  • Kontrewers
  • Odrowaz
  • Soltyków
U-Shaped Burrows
  • Fodichnia
  • Crustaceans
  • Annelids
  • Poronidans
  • Insects
  • Fish
Imbrichnus[1][5]
  • I. isp.
  • Gromadzice
  • Kontrewers
  • Odrowaz
  • Soltyków
Burrows
  • Fugichnia
  • Annelids
  • Bivalves
  • Crustaceans
Isopodichnus[1][5]
  • I. isp.
  • Gromadzice
  • Kontrewers
  • Odrowaz
  • Soltyków
Hypichnial marks
  • Fodichnia
  • Repichnia
  • Phyllopod and notostracan crustaceans
Kouphichnium[5][6]
  • cf. K. isp.
  • Soltyków
V-shaped hypichnial marks
  • Repichnia
  • Xiphosura
  • Malacostraca
Lockeia[1][5]
  • L. siliquaria
  • L. amygdaloides
  • L. czarnockii
  • Gromadzice
  • Kontrewers
  • Odrowaz
  • Soltyków
Dwelling traces
  • Cubichnia
  • Domichnia
Palaeophycus[6]
  • P. isp.
  • Soltyków
Straight or slightly curved burrows
  • Fodinichnia
  • Annelids
  • Bivalves
  • Crustaceans
Planolites[6]
  • P. isp.
  • Soltyków
Tubular unbranched, usually horizontal burrows
  • Fodinichnia
  • Annelids
  • Bivalves
  • Crustaceans
Ptychoplasma[7]
  • P. conica
  • Soltyków
Locomotion trace
  • Repichnia
  • Gastropods
Rusophycus[6]
  • R. isp.
  • Soltyków
Resting Traces
  • Cubichnia
  • Resting traces of aquatic arthropods
Scalichnus[1][5][6]
  • S. phiale
  • S. isp.
  • Gromadzice
  • Kontrewers
  • Odrowaz
  • Soltyków
Sac/Bottle shaped burrows
  • Fugichnia
  • Domichnia
  • Escape structure of mud-dwelling bivalves
Scolicia[1][5]
  • S. isp.
  • Gromadzice
  • Kontrewers
  • Odrowaz
  • Soltyków
Traces
  • Fodichnia
  • Locomotion and feeding trace of gastropods
Scoyenia[5][6]
  • S. isp.
  • Soltyków
Linear slender burrows
  • Fodinichnia
  • Beetles?
Skolithos[1][5][6]
  • S. isp.
  • Gromadzice
  • Kontrewers
  • Odrowaz
  • Soltyków
Sac/Bottle shaped burrows
  • Domichnia
  • Annelids
  • Crustaceans
  • Insects
Spongeliomorpha[1][5][6]
  • S. carlsbergi
  • S. isp.
  • Gromadzice
  • Kontrewers
  • Odrowaz
  • Soltyków
Sac/Bottle shaped burrows
  • Domichnia
  • Annelids
  • Crustaceans
  • Insects

Insects

Radial chambers around large tunnels have been recovered, they may be arthropod burrows or traces of roots.[5][6] Large nest structures with septa, similar to nesting behaviour of insects like Cicadas are know.[6]

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Artematopodites[8] A. ssp.
  • Odrowaz
MPK 5/36, 39, 40 A Coleopteran, member of the family Permosynidae
Blattodea[8] Indeterminate
  • Odrowaz
MPK 5/54 Indeterminate Blattodean remains
Blattulidae[8] Indeterminate
  • Odrowaz
MPK 5/1 Indeterminate Cockroach remains
Caraboidea[8] Indeterminate
  • Odrowaz
MPK 5/12, 15 Indeterminate Beetle remains
Coleoptera[8] Indeterminate
  • Odrowaz
Isolated Wings Indeterminate Beetle remains
Helminthoidichnites[6] cf. H. isp.
  • Sołtyków
Gnawing traces surficial gnawing traces made by insects
Hydrobiites[8] H. sp.
  • Odrowaz
MPK 5/10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 33 A Coleopteran, member of the family Permosynidae
Linckichnus[6] L. terebrans
  • Sołtyków
Boring Traces Detritivorous habitation dwellings or oviposition structures of insects in dead wood
Memptus[8] M. sp.
  • Odrowaz
MPK 5/44 A Coleopteran, Incertade sedis
Notocupes[8] N. sp.
  • Odrowaz
MPK 5/6 A Coleopteran, Incertade sedis
Odrowazicoris[9] O. polonicus
  • Odrowaz
MPK 5/2 An Hemipteran, member of the family Belostomatidae
Polysitum[8] P.? sp.
  • Odrowaz
MPK 5/14, 29 A Coleopteran, Incertade sedis
Phoroschizidae[8] Indeterminate
  • Odrowaz
MPK 5/4,5, 8, 20, 35 Indeterminate Beetle remains
Xylonichnus[6] Cf.Xylonichnus isp.
  • Sołtyków
Boring Traces Borings in the wood made probably by insect larvae

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Pieñkowski, G. (2004). "The epicontinental Lower Jurassic of Poland". Polish Geological Institute Special Papers. 12 (1): 1–154. S2CID 128922070.
  2. ^ Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission (2016). "Stratigraphische Tabelle von Deutschland" (PDF). GeoForschungsZentrum. 1 (1): 1. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  3. ^ Karaszewski, W. (1962). "The stratigraphy of the Lias in the Northern Mesozoic Zone surrounding the Święty Krzyż Mountains (Central Poland) [Eng. Sum.]". Pr. Inst. Geol. 30 (3): 333–416.
  4. ^ Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q PIEŃKOWSKI, GRZEGORZ (1985), "Early Liassic Trace Fossil Assemblages from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland: Their Distribution in Continental and Marginal Marine Environments", Biogenic Structures, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), pp. 37–51, ISBN 0-918985-15-3, retrieved 2024-11-27
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Pieńkowski, G.; Niedźwiedzki, G. (2008). "Invertebrate trace fossil assemblages from the lower Hettangian of Sołtyków, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland". Volumina Jurassica. 6 (1): 109–132.
  7. ^ Pieńkowski, G.; Uchman, A. (2009). "Ptychoplasma conica isp. nov.: a new bivalve locomotion trace fossil from the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) alluvial sediments of Sołtyków, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland". Geological Quarterly. 53 (4): 397–406.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wegierek, P.; Zherikhin, V. V. (1997). "An Early Jurassic insect fauna in the Holy Cross Mountains" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 42 (4): 539–543.
  9. ^ Popov, Y. A. (1996). "The first record of a fossil water bug from the Lower Jurassic of Poland (Heteroptera: Nepomoprha: Belostomatidae)". Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne. 65 (1): 101–105.

Bibliography