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The '''Bajaur casket''', also called the '''Indravarma reliquary, year 63''',<ref>Nouvelles inscriptions Saka : ère d'Eucratide, ère d'Azès, ère Vikrama, ère de Kaniska, Gérard Fussman, Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, Year 1980 Volume 67 Number 1 pp. 1-44 [http://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_1980_num_67_1_3338]</ref> or sometimes referred to as the '''Avaca inscription''',<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/601111?origin=crossref&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]</ref> is an ancient reliquary from the area of [[Bajaur]] in ancient [[Gandhara]], in the present-day [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] of [[Pakistan]]. It is dated to around 5-6 CE.<ref>Metropolitan Museum of Art, museum notice.</ref> It proves the involvement of the [[Indo-Scythian|Scythian]] kings of the [[Apraca]], in particular King [[Indravarman]], in [[Buddhism]]. The casket is made of [[schist]].
The '''Bajaur casket''', also called the '''Indravarma reliquary, year 63''',<ref>Nouvelles inscriptions Saka : ère d'Eucratide, ère d'Azès, ère Vikrama, ère de Kaniska, Gérard Fussman, Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, Year 1980 Volume 67 Number 1 pp. 1-44 [http://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_1980_num_67_1_3338]</ref> or sometimes referred to as the '''Avaca inscription''',<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/601111?origin=crossref&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]</ref> is an ancient reliquary from the area of [[Bajaur]] in ancient [[Gandhara]], in the present-day [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] of [[Pakistan]]. It is dated to around 5-6 CE.<ref>Metropolitan Museum of Art, museum notice.</ref> It proves the involvement of the [[Indo-Scythian|Scythian]] kings of the [[Apraca]], in particular King [[Indravarman]], in [[Buddhism]]. The casket is made of [[schist]].


The inscription which is written in [[Kharoshthi]], translates into English as:
The inscription which is written in [[Kharoshthi]]:
{| class ="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+ Inscription of the Bajaur casket<ref>Baums, Stefan. (2012). ''Catalog and Revised Text and Translations of Gandhāran Reliquary Inscriptions''. Gandhāran Buddhist Reliquaries. D. Jongeward. Seattle, University of Washington Press</ref><ref>H. W. Bailey, ''Two Kharoṣṭhī Casket Inscriptions from Avaca'', The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 1 (1978), pp. 3-13</ref>
{{quote|"In the sixty-third ([[Azes era|63]]) year of the late Great King Aya ([[Azes]]), on the sixteenth day of the month Kartia (Karttika); at this auspicious (?) time, Prince Idravarma ([[Indravarman]]), son of the King of [[Apraca]], establishes these bodily relics of Lord [[Buddha|Sakyamuni]] in a secure, deep, previously unestablished place; he produces [[brahma]]-merit together with his mother Rukhunaka, daughter of Ai (and) wife of the King of Apraca, with (his) maternal uncle Ramaka, with (his) maternal uncle's wife Dasaka, with (his) sisters and wife --Vasavadatta, Mahaveda, and Nika, and (his) wife Utara. And (this is done) in honor of (his) father [[Vispavarma|Visnuvarma]]. The King of Avaca ([[Apraca]]) 's brother, the Commander Vaga is honored, and [[Vijayamitra]], (former) King of Avaca. (His) mother's sister, Bhagidatta is honored. And these bodily relics having been brought in procession from the Muryaka cave stupa, were established in a secure(?), safe, deep(?) depository, (in) the year twenty-five."|Text of the Bajaur casket, translation by Salomon and Schopen, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38111].}}
|-
!Inscription
!Original ([[Kharosthi|Kharosthi script]])
!Transliteration
!English translation
|-
| '''Line 1'''
| {{big|𐨯𐨎𐨬𐨟𐨿𐨯𐨪𐨀𐨅 𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨅𐨮𐨛𐨁𐨨𐨀𐨅 𐩅 𐩅 𐩅 𐩀 𐩀 𐩀 𐨨𐨱𐨪𐨩𐨯 𐨀𐨩𐨯 𐨀𐨟𐨁𐨡𐨯 𐨐𐨪𐨿𐨟𐨁𐨀𐨯 𐨨𐨯𐨯 𐨡𐨁𐨬𐨯𐨀𐨅 𐨮𐨆𐨜𐨭𐨀𐨅 𐨀𐨁𐨨𐨅𐨞 𐨕𐨅𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁𐨐 𐨐𐨿𐨮𐨞 𐨀𐨁𐨡𐨿𐨪𐨬𐨪𐨿𐨨𐨅 𐨐𐨂𐨨𐨪𐨅 𐨀𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨕𐨪𐨗𐨤𐨂𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨅}}
| {{transl|pra|saṃvatsarae treṣaṭhimae 20 20 20 1 1 1 maharayasa Ayasa atidasa Kartiasa masasa divasae ṣoḍaśae imeṇa cetrika kṣaṇa Idravarme kumare Apracarajaputre}}
| In the year sixty-third - 63 - of the great king [[Azes I]], during the month of [[Kartik (month)|Kārttika]], on the sixteenth day, at this moment, the Caitrika prince [[Indravarman|Indravarma]], son of the king of Apraca
|-
| '''Line 2'''
| {{big|𐨀𐨁𐨨𐨅 𐨧𐨒𐨬𐨟𐨆 𐨭𐨐𐨿𐨩𐨨𐨂𐨞𐨁𐨯 𐨭𐨪𐨁𐨪 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨡𐨁𐨛𐨬𐨅𐨟𐨁 𐨛𐨁𐨀𐨀𐨅 𐨒𐨧𐨁𐨪𐨀𐨅 𐨀𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨡𐨁𐨛𐨬𐨁𐨟𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨬𐨅 𐨤𐨟𐨅𐨭𐨅 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨿𐨨𐨤𐨂𐨙𐨆 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨯𐨬𐨟𐨁 𐨯𐨢 𐨨𐨡𐨂𐨞 𐨪𐨂𐨑𐨂𐨞𐨐𐨀 𐨗𐨁𐨤𐨂𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨀𐨅 𐨀𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨕𐨪𐨗𐨧𐨪𐨿𐨩𐨀𐨅}}
| {{transl|pra|ime Bhagavato Śakyamuṇisa śarira pradiṭhaveti ṭhiae gabhirae apradiṭhavitaprave pateśe brammapuño prasavati sadha maduṇa Rukhuṇakaa jiputrae Apracarajabharyae}}
| established this relic of the Holy [[Gautama Buddha|Śākya sage]] in a secure, deep, and previously unestablished, place. He produces Brahman merit together with his mother Rukhuṇaka, who has a living son, wife of the king of Apraca;
|-
| '''Line 3'''
| {{big|𐨯𐨢 𐨨𐨀𐨂𐨫𐨅𐨞 𐨪𐨨𐨐𐨅𐨞 𐨯𐨢 𐨨𐨀𐨂𐨫𐨞𐨁𐨀𐨅 𐨡𐨮𐨐𐨀𐨅 𐨯𐨢 𐨭𐨿𐨤𐨯𐨡𐨪𐨅𐨱𐨁 𐨬𐨯𐨬𐨡𐨟𐨀𐨅 𐨨𐨱𐨬𐨅𐨡𐨀𐨅 𐨞𐨁𐨐𐨀𐨅 𐨕 𐨒𐨱𐨁𐨞𐨁𐨀𐨅 𐨩 𐨀𐨂𐨟𐨪𐨀𐨅}}
| {{transl|pra|sadha maüleṇa Ramakeṇa sadha maülaṇie Daṣakae sadha śpasadarehi Vasavadatae mahavedae Ṇikae ca gahiṇie ya Utarae}}
| together with his maternal uncle Ramaka, together with his maternal uncle's wife Daṣaka, together with his sisters and wife, Vasavadata, Mahaveda, and Ṇika, and the lady of the house, Utara,
|-
| '''Line 4'''
| {{big|𐨤𐨁𐨟𐨂 𐨀 𐨤𐨂𐨩𐨀𐨅 𐨬𐨁𐨮𐨸𐨂𐨬𐨪𐨿𐨨𐨯 𐨀𐨬𐨕𐨪𐨩𐨯}}
| {{transl|pra|pitu a puyae Viṣṇuvarmasa Avacarayasa}}
| and in honour of his father [[Vispavarma|Viṣṇuvarma]], king of the Apraca.
|-
| '''Line 5'''
| {{big|𐨧𐨿𐨪𐨡 𐨬𐨒 𐨯𐨿𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨟𐨅𐨒𐨆 𐨤𐨂𐨩𐨀𐨁𐨟𐨅 𐨬𐨁𐨗𐨩𐨨𐨁𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨆 𐨩 𐨀𐨬𐨕𐨪𐨩 𐨨𐨡𐨂𐨭𐨿𐨤𐨯 𐨧𐨀𐨁𐨡𐨟 𐨤𐨂𐨩𐨁𐨟}}
| {{transl|pra|bhrada Vaga stratego puyaïte Vijayamitro ya Avacaraya maduśpasa Bhaïdata puyita}}
| His brother, Vaga, the general, is honoured, and [[Vijayamitra]], king of the Apraca. His mother's sister Bhaïdata is honoured.
|-
| '''Line 6'''
| {{big|𐨀𐨁𐨨𐨅 𐨕 𐨭𐨪𐨁𐨪𐨅 𐨨𐨂𐨪𐨿𐨩𐨐𐨫𐨁𐨞𐨟𐨅 𐨠𐨂𐨦𐨂𐨟𐨅 𐨐𐨁𐨜𐨤𐨜𐨁𐨱𐨪𐨁𐨀 𐨀𐨵𐨁𐨩𐨅 𐨀𐨱𐨅𐨛𐨁 𐨨𐨗𐨁𐨨𐨨𐨁 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨟𐨁𐨛𐨬𐨞𐨨𐨁 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨟𐨁𐨛𐨬𐨁𐨯}}
| {{transl|pra|ime ca śarire muryakaliṇate thubute kiḍapaḍiharia avhiye aheṭhi majimami pratiṭhavaṇami pratiṭhavisa}}
| And these relics from a Maurya period stupa, on which a miracle has been performed, are established in a safe, secure, and central establishment
|-
| '''Line 7'''
| {{big|𐨬𐨯𐨁𐨀 𐨤𐨎𐨕𐨀𐨁𐨭𐨆}}
| {{transl|pra|vasia paṃcaïśo}}
| ''vasia'' fifty
|}


The inscription was highly useful in clarifying the little-known [[Apraca]] dynasty.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/601111?origin=crossref&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]</ref>
The inscription was highly useful in clarifying the little-known [[Apraca]] dynasty.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/601111?origin=crossref&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]</ref>

Revision as of 15:50, 1 April 2021

Bajaur casket
The Bajaur casket, Metropolitan Museum of Art.[1]
Created1st century CE
DiscoveredBajaur

The Bajaur casket, also called the Indravarma reliquary, year 63,[2] or sometimes referred to as the Avaca inscription,[3] is an ancient reliquary from the area of Bajaur in ancient Gandhara, in the present-day Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. It is dated to around 5-6 CE.[4] It proves the involvement of the Scythian kings of the Apraca, in particular King Indravarman, in Buddhism. The casket is made of schist.

The inscription which is written in Kharoshthi:

Inscription of the Bajaur casket[5][6]
Inscription Original (Kharosthi script) Transliteration English translation
Line 1 𐨯𐨎𐨬𐨟𐨿𐨯𐨪𐨀𐨅 𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨅𐨮𐨛𐨁𐨨𐨀𐨅 𐩅 𐩅 𐩅 𐩀 𐩀 𐩀 𐨨𐨱𐨪𐨩𐨯 𐨀𐨩𐨯 𐨀𐨟𐨁𐨡𐨯 𐨐𐨪𐨿𐨟𐨁𐨀𐨯 𐨨𐨯𐨯 𐨡𐨁𐨬𐨯𐨀𐨅 𐨮𐨆𐨜𐨭𐨀𐨅 𐨀𐨁𐨨𐨅𐨞 𐨕𐨅𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁𐨐 𐨐𐨿𐨮𐨞 𐨀𐨁𐨡𐨿𐨪𐨬𐨪𐨿𐨨𐨅 𐨐𐨂𐨨𐨪𐨅 𐨀𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨕𐨪𐨗𐨤𐨂𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨅 saṃvatsarae treṣaṭhimae 20 20 20 1 1 1 maharayasa Ayasa atidasa Kartiasa masasa divasae ṣoḍaśae imeṇa cetrika kṣaṇa Idravarme kumare Apracarajaputre In the year sixty-third - 63 - of the great king Azes I, during the month of Kārttika, on the sixteenth day, at this moment, the Caitrika prince Indravarma, son of the king of Apraca
Line 2 𐨀𐨁𐨨𐨅 𐨧𐨒𐨬𐨟𐨆 𐨭𐨐𐨿𐨩𐨨𐨂𐨞𐨁𐨯 𐨭𐨪𐨁𐨪 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨡𐨁𐨛𐨬𐨅𐨟𐨁 𐨛𐨁𐨀𐨀𐨅 𐨒𐨧𐨁𐨪𐨀𐨅 𐨀𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨡𐨁𐨛𐨬𐨁𐨟𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨬𐨅 𐨤𐨟𐨅𐨭𐨅 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨿𐨨𐨤𐨂𐨙𐨆 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨯𐨬𐨟𐨁 𐨯𐨢 𐨨𐨡𐨂𐨞 𐨪𐨂𐨑𐨂𐨞𐨐𐨀 𐨗𐨁𐨤𐨂𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨀𐨅 𐨀𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨕𐨪𐨗𐨧𐨪𐨿𐨩𐨀𐨅 ime Bhagavato Śakyamuṇisa śarira pradiṭhaveti ṭhiae gabhirae apradiṭhavitaprave pateśe brammapuño prasavati sadha maduṇa Rukhuṇakaa jiputrae Apracarajabharyae established this relic of the Holy Śākya sage in a secure, deep, and previously unestablished, place. He produces Brahman merit together with his mother Rukhuṇaka, who has a living son, wife of the king of Apraca;
Line 3 𐨯𐨢 𐨨𐨀𐨂𐨫𐨅𐨞 𐨪𐨨𐨐𐨅𐨞 𐨯𐨢 𐨨𐨀𐨂𐨫𐨞𐨁𐨀𐨅 𐨡𐨮𐨐𐨀𐨅 𐨯𐨢 𐨭𐨿𐨤𐨯𐨡𐨪𐨅𐨱𐨁 𐨬𐨯𐨬𐨡𐨟𐨀𐨅 𐨨𐨱𐨬𐨅𐨡𐨀𐨅 𐨞𐨁𐨐𐨀𐨅 𐨕 𐨒𐨱𐨁𐨞𐨁𐨀𐨅 𐨩 𐨀𐨂𐨟𐨪𐨀𐨅 sadha maüleṇa Ramakeṇa sadha maülaṇie Daṣakae sadha śpasadarehi Vasavadatae mahavedae Ṇikae ca gahiṇie ya Utarae together with his maternal uncle Ramaka, together with his maternal uncle's wife Daṣaka, together with his sisters and wife, Vasavadata, Mahaveda, and Ṇika, and the lady of the house, Utara,
Line 4 𐨤𐨁𐨟𐨂 𐨀 𐨤𐨂𐨩𐨀𐨅 𐨬𐨁𐨮𐨸𐨂𐨬𐨪𐨿𐨨𐨯 𐨀𐨬𐨕𐨪𐨩𐨯 pitu a puyae Viṣṇuvarmasa Avacarayasa and in honour of his father Viṣṇuvarma, king of the Apraca.
Line 5 𐨧𐨿𐨪𐨡 𐨬𐨒 𐨯𐨿𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨟𐨅𐨒𐨆 𐨤𐨂𐨩𐨀𐨁𐨟𐨅 𐨬𐨁𐨗𐨩𐨨𐨁𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨆 𐨩 𐨀𐨬𐨕𐨪𐨩 𐨨𐨡𐨂𐨭𐨿𐨤𐨯 𐨧𐨀𐨁𐨡𐨟 𐨤𐨂𐨩𐨁𐨟 bhrada Vaga stratego puyaïte Vijayamitro ya Avacaraya maduśpasa Bhaïdata puyita His brother, Vaga, the general, is honoured, and Vijayamitra, king of the Apraca. His mother's sister Bhaïdata is honoured.
Line 6 𐨀𐨁𐨨𐨅 𐨕 𐨭𐨪𐨁𐨪𐨅 𐨨𐨂𐨪𐨿𐨩𐨐𐨫𐨁𐨞𐨟𐨅 𐨠𐨂𐨦𐨂𐨟𐨅 𐨐𐨁𐨜𐨤𐨜𐨁𐨱𐨪𐨁𐨀 𐨀𐨵𐨁𐨩𐨅 𐨀𐨱𐨅𐨛𐨁 𐨨𐨗𐨁𐨨𐨨𐨁 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨟𐨁𐨛𐨬𐨞𐨨𐨁 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨟𐨁𐨛𐨬𐨁𐨯 ime ca śarire muryakaliṇate thubute kiḍapaḍiharia avhiye aheṭhi majimami pratiṭhavaṇami pratiṭhavisa And these relics from a Maurya period stupa, on which a miracle has been performed, are established in a safe, secure, and central establishment
Line 7 𐨬𐨯𐨁𐨀 𐨤𐨎𐨕𐨀𐨁𐨭𐨆 vasia paṃcaïśo vasia fifty

The inscription was highly useful in clarifying the little-known Apraca dynasty.[7]

Notes

  1. ^ Metropolitan Museum of Art notice [1]
  2. ^ Nouvelles inscriptions Saka : ère d'Eucratide, ère d'Azès, ère Vikrama, ère de Kaniska, Gérard Fussman, Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, Year 1980 Volume 67 Number 1 pp. 1-44 [2]
  3. ^ [3]
  4. ^ Metropolitan Museum of Art, museum notice.
  5. ^ Baums, Stefan. (2012). Catalog and Revised Text and Translations of Gandhāran Reliquary Inscriptions. Gandhāran Buddhist Reliquaries. D. Jongeward. Seattle, University of Washington Press
  6. ^ H. W. Bailey, Two Kharoṣṭhī Casket Inscriptions from Avaca, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 1 (1978), pp. 3-13
  7. ^ [4]

References

  • Baums, Stefan. 2012. “Catalog and Revised Texts and Translations of Gandharan Reliquary Inscriptions.” In: David Jongeward, Elizabeth Errington, Richard Salomon and Stefan Baums, Gandharan Buddhist Reliquaries, pp. 207–208, Seattle: Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project (Gandharan Studies, Volume 1).
  • Baums, Stefan, and Andrew Glass. 2002– . Catalog of Gāndhārī Texts, no. CKI 242
  • Richard Salomon (January–March 1982). "The "Avaca" Inscription and the Origin of the Vikrama Era". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 102 (1). Journal of the American Oriental Society: 59–68. doi:10.2307/601111. JSTOR 601111.

See also

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