View source for Abidjan

{{Short description|Largest city and district of Côte d'Ivoire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
| name               = Abidjan
| official_name      = Autonomous District of Abidjan<br />{{native name|fr|District Autonome d'Abidjan}}
| other_name         = 
| native_name        = 
| nickname           = "Babi"
| settlement_type    = City and [[districts of Côte d'Ivoire|autonomous district]]
| motto              = "District d'Abidjan, acteur de développement"
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
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 | caption_align = center
 | image1      = Abidjan des Lagune.jpg
 | caption1    = [[Plateau, Ivory Coast|Plateau commune]] skyline
 | image2      = ECOLE FORESTIERE DU PARCE NATIONAL DU BANCO 04.jpg
 | caption2    = Entrance of [[Banco National Park]]
 | image3      = Sofitel Abidjan Hôtel Ivoire.jpg
 | caption3    = Pool of Hôtel Ivoire
 | image4      = Port d'ABIDJAN.png
 | caption4    = Dock of [[Autonomous Port of Abidjan]]
 | image5      = Cathédrale Saint-Paul 3.jpg
 | caption5    = [[St. Paul's Cathedral, Abidjan|St. Paul's Cathedral of Abidjan]]
 | image6      = Université Abidjan 1.JPG
 | caption6    = [[Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny]]
 | image7      = PlateauSudAbidjanMai2016 4.JPG
 | caption7    = Abidjan Great Mosque
 | image8      = Restaurant Glacier J'aime Koumassi.jpg
 | caption8    = Street of [[Koumassi|Koumassi commune]]
 | image9      = Grande carefoure de Koumassi 1.jpg
 | caption9    = An avenue of Abidjan}}
| image_flag         = Flag of Abidjan.png
| flag_size          = 
| image_seal         = AbidjanLogo.png
| sealsize           = 
| shield_size        = 
| image_map          = Abidjan Communes.svg
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = Map of the 10 communes which formed the former City of Abidjan (422&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), now included in the larger Autonomous District of Abidjan (2119&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
| pushpin_map        = Côte d'Ivoire#Africa<!-- the name of a location map Abidjan [[Template:Location map]] -->
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Cote d'Ivoire
<!-- Location ------------------>| coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sphereinfo.com/longitude~latitude/ivory_coast |title=Côte d'Ivoire Cities Longitude & Latitude |publisher=sphereinfo.com |access-date=18 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913021146/http://www.sphereinfo.com/longitude~latitude/ivory_coast |archive-date=13 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><!-- for references: use<ref>tags -->
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Ivory Coast}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Districts of Côte d'Ivoire|District]]
| subdivision_name1  = Abidjan
| subdivision_type2  = [[Departments of Côte d'Ivoire|Department]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Abidjan Department|Abidjan]]
| subdivision_type3  = 
| subdivision_name3  = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| government_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.districtabidjan.org/gouverneur.php |title=District d'Abidjan ::: Site Officiel |publisher=Districtabidjan.org |access-date=20 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506043624/http://www.districtabidjan.org/gouverneur.php |archive-date=6 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = Governor
| leader_name        = [[Robert Beugré Mambé]]
| leader_title1      = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
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| established_title  = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date   = <!-- Area    --------------------->
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| area_total_km2     = 2119
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_blank1_title  = City
| area_blank1_km2    = 422
| population_as_of   = 14 Dec. 2021 census
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census_2021>{{cite web |url=https://www.ins.ci/RGP2021/RGPH2021-RESULTATS%20GLOBAUX_VF.pdf |title=RGPH 2021 Résultats globaux|author=[[Institut National de la Statistique de Côte d'Ivoire]]|access-date=2022-08-09}}</ref>
| population_total   = 6,321,017
| population_urban   = 
| population_note    = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
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| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
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| population_blank1_title = City
| population_blank1  = 5616633
| population_density_blank1_km2 = auto
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
| population_demonym = Abidjanais
| demographics_type1 = [[Human Development Index]]
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref>tags -->
| demographics1_title1 = HDI (2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/CIV/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|title=Subnational Human Development Index (4.0) [Sud, Abidjan – Côte d'Ivoire]|publisher=Global Data Lab of Institute for Management Research, [[Radboud University Nijmegen|Radboud University]]|access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref>
| demographics1_info1 = 0.569 (<span style="color:#FFD215;">medium</span>)
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->| blank_name_sec2    = 
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)
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| blank1_info_sec2   = <!-- General information  --------------->
| timezone           = [[GMT]]
| utc_offset         = +0
| timezone_DST       = 
| utc_offset_DST     = 
| coordinates        = {{Coord|5|19|N|4|2|W|region:CI-AB_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use tags-->
| elevation_m        = 18
| elevation_ft       = <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type   = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code        = 
| area_code          = +225
| blank_name         = 
| blank_info         = 
| blank1_name        = 
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| website            = {{URL|http://www.abidjan.district.ci|abidjan.district.ci}} {{in lang|fr}}
| footnotes          = 
| image_map1         = Côte d'Ivoire - District autonome Abidjan.svg
}}

'''Abidjan''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|b|ɪ|ˈ|dʒ|ɑː|n}} {{respell|AB|ih|JAHN}}, {{IPA|fr|abidʒɑ̃|lang}}; [[N'Ko script|N'ko]]: ߊߓߌߖߊ߲߬) is the largest city and the former capital of [[Côte d'Ivoire]]. As of the [[Demographics of Ivory Coast|2021 census]], Abidjan's population was 6.3 million,<ref name=census_2021 /> which is 21.5 percent of overall population of the country, making it the sixth most populous city proper in [[Africa]], after [[Lagos]], [[Cairo]], [[Kinshasa]], [[Dar es Salaam]], and [[Johannesburg]]. A cultural crossroads of [[West Africa]], Abidjan is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation. It is also the most populous [[Dioula language|Dioula-speaking]] and [[French language|French-speaking]] city in Africa (Kinshasa being mainly [[Lingala]]-speaking).

The city expanded quickly after the construction of a new wharf in 1931, followed by its designation as the capital city of the then-French colony in 1933. The completion of the [[Vridi Canal]] in 1951 enabled Abidjan to become an important [[sea port]]. Abidjan remained the capital of Côte d'Ivoire after its independence from France in 1960. In 1983, the city of [[Yamoussoukro]] was designated as the official political capital of Côte d'Ivoire. However, Abidjan has officially been designated as the "economic capital" of the country, because it is the largest city in the country and the centre of its economic activity. Many political institutions and all foreign embassies continue to be located in Abidjan as well. The [[Abidjan Autonomous District]], which encompasses the city and some of its suburbs, is one of the 14 [[districts of Ivory Coast|districts of Côte d'Ivoire]].

== Origin of the name ==
According to [[oral tradition]] of the [[Tchaman]] as reported in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Côte d'Ivoire,<ref>de R. Borremans (1986)</ref> the name "Abidjan" results from a misunderstanding. Legend states that an old man carrying branches to repair the roof of his house met a European explorer who asked him the name of the nearest village. The old man did not speak the language of the explorer, and thought that he was being asked to justify his presence in that place. Terrified by this unexpected meeting, he fled shouting "''min-chan m'bidjan''", which means in the [[Ebrié language]]: "I just cut the leaves." The explorer, thinking that his question had been answered, recorded the name of the locale as ''Abidjan''.

A slightly different and less elaborate version of the legend: When the first colonists asked a native man the name of the place, the man misunderstood and replied "''M'bi min djan''": "I've just been cutting leaves".<ref name="statoids1">{{cite web |url=http://www.statoids.com/uci.html |title=Côte d'Ivoire Regions |publisher=Statoids.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427104110/http://www.statoids.com/uci.html |archive-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
{{See also|Timeline of Abidjan}}

=== Colonial era ===
[[File:Piroguiers - cleaned b&w.jpg|thumb|Abidjan boatmen.]]

Abidjan was originally a small [[Tchaman|Atchan]] fishing village. In 1896, following a series of deadly [[yellow fever]] [[epidemics]], French [[colonist]]s who had initially settled in [[Grand-Bassam]] decided to move to a safer place and in 1898 chose the current location of Abidjan.<ref>Britannica,
[https://www.britannica.com/place/Abidjan Abidjan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710090607/https://www.britannica.com/place/Abidjan |date=10 July 2019 }}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on 7 July 2019</ref>
In 1903 it officially became a town.<ref>Cyril K. Daddieh, ''Historical Dictionary of Cote d'Ivoire (The Ivory Coast)'', Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2016, p. 46</ref><ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Dale H. |editor-last=Hoiberg |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abidjan |edition=15th |year=2010 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |volume=I: A-ak Bayes |location=Chicago, IL |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/32 32] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/32 }}</ref> The settlers were followed by the colonial government, created in 1899. But then nearby [[Bingerville]] became the capital of the French [[colony]], from 1900 until 1934.

The future Abidjan, situated on the edge of the ''lagoon n'doupé'' ("the lagoon in hot water"), offered more land and greater opportunities for trade expansion. The wharf in Petit Bassam (now [[Port-Bouët]]) south of town quickly overtook the wharf of [[Grand-Bassam]] in importance, and became the main point of economic access to the colony. In 1904, the rail terminus was located in the Port-Bouët area of Abidjan.<ref name=EB /> Starting in 1904, when [[Bingerville]] was not yet complete, Abidjan became the main economic hub of the colony of Ivory Coast and a prime channel for distributing products to the European [[hinterland]], particularly through the Lebanese community, which was increasing in importance.

{{Interlanguage link|Henri de Fougères|fr|3=Henri Terrasson de Fougères}} became governor of [[French Sudan]] in 1924, and remained governor until his death in 1931. One of the main streets of Abidjan still bears his name.

In 1931, Plateau and what would become [[Treichville]] were connected by a floating bridge, more or less where the [[Houphouët-Boigny Bridge]] stands today. The year 1931 also saw [[Address (geography)|addresses]] begin to be assigned to the streets of Abidjan for the first time. The addressing project was temporarily concluded in 1964, under the leadership of Mayor Konan Kanga, then badly redone American-style in 1993.

Abidjan became the third capital of Ivory Coast by a 1934 decree, following [[Grand-Bassam]] and [[Bingerville]].<ref name=EB /> Several villages in Tchaman were then deserted. The leader of the Tchaman community can still be found in Adjame ("center" or "meeting" in Tchaman), north of the Plateau.

South of the Plateau district (the current central district of the city of Abidjan), the village of ''Dugbeo'' was moved across the lagoon to Anoumabo, "the forest of fruit bats", which became the neighborhood of [[Treichville]] (now known as Commikro, city of clerks). Treichville was renamed in 1934, in honour of [[Marcel Treich-Laplène]] (1860–1890), the first explorer of the Ivory Coast and its first colonial administrator, considered its founder. Instead of Dugbeyo, is the current Treich-Laplénie Avenue, the bus station and water lagoon buses in Plateau, and the Avenue [[Charles de Gaulle]] (commonly called Rue du Commerce).

The city was laid out like most colonial towns, on a [[grid plan]]. [[Plateau, Côte d'Ivoire|Le Plateau]] ("m'brato" in Tchaman) were inhabited by settlers. In the north, the city was inhabited by the colonized. The two zones were separated by the [[Gallieni]] Military Barracks, where now there is the current courthouse.

Near the port, originally named Boulevard de Marseille, settlers became defensive and stole a street sign of a famous street of Marseille renamed the street Canebière, a sand track. This is the legend behind the first Blohorn oil mills, in [[Cocody]] and a racetrack was built in the south of the city.

In Le Plateau in the 1940s, the Bardon Park Hotel was built, the first air-conditioned hotel working in [[francophone Africa]].

Abidjan's lagoon became connected to the sea once the 15m-deep [[Vridi Canal]] was completed in 1950.<ref name=EB /> Soon Abidjan became the financial center of West Africa. In 1958, the first bridge to connect [[Petit Bassam|Petit-Bassam Island]] with the mainland was completed.<ref name=EB />

=== After independence ===
When Côte d'Ivoire became independent in 1960, Abidjan became the new country's administrative and economic center. The axis south of Treichville, towards the international airport and the beaches, became the heart of European and middle-class Abidjan. The city saw considerable population growth in the decades following independence, expanding from 180,000 inhabitants in 1960 to 1,269,000 in 1978.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackpast.org/gah/abidjan-cote-divoire-1903|title=Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (1903– ) {{!}} The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed|website=www.blackpast.org|date=6 July 2010 |access-date=2016-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202035609/http://www.blackpast.org/gah/abidjan-cote-divoire-1903|archive-date=2 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Abidjan's skyline dates back to the economic prosperity of this period.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/CIV_Port_of_Abidjan_1422.php|title=Port of Abidjan|website=World Port Source|access-date=2016-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605071256/http://worldportsource.com/ports/review/CIV_Port_of_Abidjan_1422.php|archive-date=5 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

New districts such as the upmarket Cocody were founded during this period; built to a large extent in a colonial style, Cocody has since become home to Côte d'Ivoire's wealthy classes as well as expatriates and foreign diplomats. The district is home to the embassy of France, Hotel Ivoire (which for a long time, was the only African hotel to have a skating rink), and, since 2009, the largest U.S. embassy in West Africa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2005-07-12-voa68-66931712/264223.html|title=Massive New US Embassy Opens in Ivory Coast|newspaper=VOA|access-date=2016-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202040418/http://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2005-07-12-voa68-66931712/264223.html|archive-date=2 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Construction on [[St. Paul's Cathedral, Abidjan|St. Paul's Cathedral]], designed by Italian architect Aldo Spirito, began with the 1980 groundbreaking by [[Pope John Paul II]] and was completed in 1985. From the 1980s, Abidjan's fortunes declined as a result of negligence on the part of officials as well as corruption and general degradation. In 1983, the village of Yamoussoukro became the new political capital of Ivory Coast under the leadership of President Félix Houphouët-Boigny, who was born in Yamoussoukro.

From 2002 to 2007 and especially from 2010 to 2011, Abidjan suffered from the consequences of the [[First Ivorian Civil War|First]] and [[Second Ivorian Civil War]]s. In November 2004, [[2004 French–Ivorian clashes|armed conflict]] broke out between French forces and Ivorian forces loyal to [[Laurent Gbagbo]] after the Ivorian Air Force attacked [[Opération Licorne|French peacekeepers]] in northern Côte d'Ivoire. After France destroyed Côte d'Ivoire's air capabilities in retaliation, pro-Gbagbo groups staged riots and looting in Abidjan and targeted French homes, schools, and businesses.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carroll |first1=Rory |last2=Henley |first2=Jon |title=French attack sparks riots in Ivory Coast |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/nov/08/france.westafrica |access-date=26 September 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=8 November 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731215636/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/nov/08/france.westafrica |archive-date=31 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> French peacekeepers moved into the city to calm the situation. Other crises during the first civil war period include [[2006 Ivory Coast toxic waste dump|the case of the ''Probo Koala'' in 2006]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://probo-koala.com/probo-koala-the-cargo-and-journey-of-the-trafigura-chartered-supertanker/?lang=en|title=Probo Koala: the cargo and journey of the Trafigura-chartered supertanker – LE SCANDALE DU PROBO KOALA|date=2016-08-08|newspaper=LE SCANDALE DU PROBO KOALA|language=en-US|access-date=2016-12-01}}{{dead link|date=August 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> in which disposed products caused thousands of residents to seek medical attention. Côte d'Ivoire's civil conflicts seriously impacted the security situation in Abidjan. Amidst the anti-French riots in November 2004, 4,000 prisoners in Abidjan escaped from the country's largest prison.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/12/world/africa/ivory-coast-says-4000-prison-inmates-escaped.html|title=Ivory Coast Says 4,000 Prison Inmates Escaped|last=Associated Press|date=2004-11-12|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064531/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/12/world/africa/ivory-coast-says-4000-prison-inmates-escaped.html|archive-date=18 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

Abidjan was one of the main theaters of the [[2010–2011 Ivorian crisis]] and the site of major demonstrations against incumbent president Gbagbo, including one on International Women's Day in 2011 that saw several demonstrators killed by Gbagbo's forces. The end of the crisis came with Gbagbo's capture in Abidjan in April 2011, following a major offensive by forces loyal to election winner [[Alassane Ouattara]] with support from France and the UN.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ivory-coast-strongman-laurent-gbagbo-arrested/|title=Ivory Coast strongman Laurent Gbagbo arrested|access-date=2016-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202101406/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ivory-coast-strongman-laurent-gbagbo-arrested/|archive-date=2 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:CarteSituationAbidjan.svg|thumb|Location map of Abidjan]]
Abidjan lies on the south-east coast of the country, on the [[Gulf of Guinea]]. The city is located on the [[Ébrié Lagoon]]. The business district, [[Plateau, Ivory Coast|Le Plateau]], is the center of the city, along with [[Cocody]], Deux Plateaux (the city's wealthiest neighborhood and a hub for diplomats), and [[Adjamé]], a [[slum]] on the north shore of the lagoon. [[Treichville]] and [[Marcory]] lie to the south, [[Attecoube]], Locodjro, Abobo Doume and [[Yopougon]] to the west, and [[Île Boulay]] is located in the middle of the lagoon. Further south lies [[Port Bouët]], home to the [[Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport|airport]] and main [[seaport]]. Abidjan is located at 5°25' North, 4°2' West (5.41667, –4.03333).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html |title=GNS: Country Files |publisher=Earth-info.nga.mil |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110509082929/http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html |archive-date=9 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
Abidjan experiences a [[tropical wet and dry climate]], according to the [[Köppen climate classification]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: '''Aw'''), closely bordering a [[tropical monsoon climate]]. Abidjan has nonconsecutive rainy seasons (precipitation above {{convert|60|mm}} with a long rainy season from March to July and a short rainy season from September to December, and three dry months (January, February and August). Precipitation is abundant during the summer months, except for August, due to activation of the [[Benguela Current]], which reduces the precipitation total throughout the month.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/benguela.html| title = The Benguela Current| publisher = Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) and Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbons in the Environment (CARTHE)| access-date = 8 November 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160507192952/http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/benguela.html| archive-date = 7 May 2016| url-status = live}}</ref> The Benguela Current also lowers the mean temperature during August, making it the coolest month of the year, averaging {{convert|24.5|C}}. Abidjan has two additional dry months (January and February). Abidjan is generally humid, with average relative humidity above 80% throughout the year.

{{Weather box
|location = Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 35.0
|Feb record high C = 35.7
|Mar record high C = 34.9
|Apr record high C = 35.0
|May record high C = 34.9
|Jun record high C = 36.2
|Jul record high C = 34.0
|Aug record high C = 32.0
|Sep record high C = 32.1
|Oct record high C = 32.8
|Nov record high C = 35.0
|Dec record high C = 33.7
|Jan high C = 30.5
|Feb high C = 31.0
|Mar high C = 31.1
|Apr high C = 31.2
|May high C = 30.4
|Jun high C = 28.7
|Jul high C = 27.4
|Aug high C = 26.9
|Sep high C = 27.6
|Oct high C = 29.2
|Nov high C = 30.5
|Dec high C = 30.3
|year high C = 29.6
|Jan mean C = 26.8
|Feb mean C = 27.7
|Mar mean C = 27.9
|Apr mean C = 27.7
|May mean C = 26.9
|Jun mean C = 25.8
|Jul mean C = 24.7
|Aug mean C = 24.5
|Sep mean C = 25.6
|Oct mean C = 26.8
|Nov mean C = 27.4
|Dec mean C = 27.0
|year mean C = 26.6
|Jan low C = 23.5
|Feb low C = 24.6
|Mar low C = 24.9
|Apr low C = 24.9
|May low C = 24.6
|Jun low C = 23.7
|Jul low C = 22.9
|Aug low C = 22.1
|Sep low C = 22.3
|Oct low C = 23.6
|Nov low C = 24.4
|Dec low C = 23.8
|year low C = 23.8
|Jan record low C = 14.7
|Feb record low C = 16.0
|Mar record low C = 19.0
|Apr record low C = 15.9
|May record low C = 18.5
|Jun record low C = 18.6
|Jul record low C = 17.1
|Aug record low C = 17.2
|Sep record low C = 15.2
|Oct record low C = 17.5
|Nov record low C = 19.5
|Dec record low C = 16.5
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 16.3
|Feb rain mm = 48.9
|Mar rain mm = 106.7
|Apr rain mm = 141.3
|May rain mm = 293.5
|Jun rain mm = 561.8
|Jul rain mm = 205.7
|Aug rain mm = 36.8
|Sep rain mm = 80.5
|Oct rain mm = 137.7
|Nov rain mm = 143.3
|Dec rain mm = 75.1
|unit rain days = 0.1 mm
|Jan rain days = 3
|Feb rain days = 4
|Mar rain days = 9
|Apr rain days = 11
|May rain days = 19
|Jun rain days = 22
|Jul rain days = 12
|Aug rain days = 8
|Sep rain days = 11
|Oct rain days = 14
|Nov rain days = 16
|Dec rain days = 9
|Jan humidity = 84
|Feb humidity = 86
|Mar humidity = 83
|Apr humidity = 82
|May humidity = 84
|Jun humidity = 86
|Jul humidity = 85
|Aug humidity = 86
|Sep humidity = 89
|Oct humidity = 87
|Nov humidity = 83
|Dec humidity = 83
|Jan sun = 183
|Feb sun = 212
|Mar sun = 226
|Apr sun = 210
|May sun = 192
|Jun sun = 117
|Jul sun = 115
|Aug sun = 121
|Sep sun = 141
|Oct sun = 202
|Nov sun = 225
|Dec sun = 208
| source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_655780_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Abidjan / Elfenbeinküste
| publisher = Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
| access-date = 8 November 2016}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[Danish Meteorological Institute]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130116071752/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 16 January 2013
| title = STATIONSNUMMER 65578
| publisher = Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate
| access-date = 8 November 2016}}</ref>
}}

{|class="wikitable"
|+Abidjan mean sea temperature<ref name="World Climate Guide">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/cotedivoireivorycoast/abidjan.php |title=Abidjan Climate Guide, Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) |publisher=World Climate Guide |access-date=20 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201122733/http://www.worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/cotedivoireivorycoast/abidjan.php |archive-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Weather2Travel">{{cite web |url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/ivory-coast/abidjan.php |title=Abidjan Climate and Weather Averages, Ivory Coast |publisher=Weather2Travel |access-date=20 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201171302/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/ivory-coast/abidjan.php |archive-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
|-
|{{convert|28|°C}}
|{{convert|28|°C}}
|{{convert|28|°C}}
|{{convert|29|°C}}
|{{convert|29|°C}}
|{{convert|28|°C}}
|{{convert|26|°C}}
|{{convert|25|°C}}
|{{convert|25|°C}}
|{{convert|26|°C}}
|{{convert|28|°C}}
|{{convert|28|°C}}
|}

==== Climate change ====
A 2019 paper published in [[PLOS One]] estimates that under [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], a "moderate" scenario of [[climate change]] where global warming reaches ~{{convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} by 2100, the climate of Abidjan in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of [[Manila]] in the [[Philippines]]. The annual temperature would increase by {{convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, and the temperature of the coldest month by {{convert|1.9|C-change|F-change}}, but the temperature of the warmest month would be {{convert|3.4|C-change|F-change}} higher.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref> According to [[Climate Action Tracker]], the current warming trajectory appears consistent with {{convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, which closely matches RCP 4.5.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>

Moreover, according to the 2022 [[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report]], Abidjan is one of 12 major African cities (Abidjan, [[Alexandria]], [[Algiers]], [[Cape Town]], [[Casablanca]], [[Dakar]], [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Durban]], [[Lagos]], [[Lomé]], [[Luanda]] and [[Maputo]]) which would be the most severely affected by the future [[sea level rise]]. It estimates that they would collectively sustain cumulative damages of US$65 billion under RCP 4.5 and US$86.5 billion for the high-emission scenario RCP 8.5 by the year 2050. Additionally, RCP 8.5 combined with the hypothetical impact from [[marine ice sheet instability]] at high levels of warming would involve up to US$137.5 billion in damages, while the additional accounting for the "low-probability, high-damage events" may increase aggregate risks to US$187 billion for the "moderate" RCP4.5, US$206 billion for RCP8.5 and US$397 billion under the high-end ice sheet instability scenario.<ref>Trisos, C.H., I.O. Adelekan, E. Totin, A. Ayanlade, J. Efitre, A. Gemeda, K. Kalaba, C. Lennard, C. Masao, Y. Mgaya, G. Ngaruiya, D. Olago, N.P. Simpson, and S. Zakieldeen 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter09.pdf Chapter 9: Africa]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2043–2121</ref> Since sea level rise would continue for about 10,000 years under every scenario of climate change, future costs of sea level rise would only increase, especially without adaptation measures.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf |title=Technical Summary. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |date=August 2021 |publisher=IPCC |page=TS14 |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>

=== Territorial divisions ===
The Autonomous District of Abidjan (''District Autonome d'Abidjan''), which superseded the former City of Abidjan (''Ville d'Abidjan'') in 2001, is made up of 10 central [[Communes of Ivory Coast|communes]], whose territory corresponds to the former City of Abidjan, and 4 outlying sub-prefectures: [[Anyama]], [[Bingerville]], [[Brofodoumé]], and [[Songon]].

The 10 communes of the former City of Abidjan are traditionally divided into northern Abidjan and southern Abidjan, with the Ébrié Lagoon separating both halves of the city.

==== Communes of Northern Abidjan ====
[[File:Abidjan's plateau district view.jpg|thumb|A view of the Plateau district in Abidjan]]
*'''[[Abobo]]''' consists mainly of public housing. Abobo has a large population of low-income migrants. This area has developed spontaneously.
*'''[[Adjamé]]''' developed from the village of Ébrié, which existed before Abidjan developed. Although polluted and small in size, this commune is commercially very important for the Ivorian economy. It contains a varied shopping district and its bus station is the Côte d'Ivoire's main hub for international bus lines.
*'''[[Yopougon]]''' is the most populous commune of Abidjan, lying partly in Northern Abidjan and partly across the lagoon in Southern Abidjan. It is home to both industrial and residential areas. The research station [[ORSTOM]], the [[Pasteur Institute]], and a training hospital are located in this commune.
*'''[[Plateau, Côte d'Ivoire|Plateau]]''' is Ivory Coast's business center, with very modern, tall buildings. Although the governmental and administrative capital of Côte d'Ivoire officially transferred to [[Yamoussoukro]] in 1983, the institutions of the republic such as the Presidency and National Assembly are still located in Plateau. It is the main administrative, commercial and financial center of Ivory Coast.
*'''[[Attécoubé]]''' contains [[Banco National Park|Banco]] forest, classified as a national park.
*'''[[Cocody]]''' is famous for its residential districts, Deux-Plateaux and Riviera. The [[Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny]], a public institution, and some private universities are also located within the commune. {{Interlanguage link|Radiodiffusion télévision ivoirienne|fr}} is located in Cocody. The President of the Republic also resides in this commune, which contains the embassy district.

==== Communes of Southern Abidjan ====
[[File:Vridi1.jpg|thumb|Beach of Vridi|upright]]

*'''[[Koumassi]]''': This commune has an important industrial area.
*'''[[Marcory]]''': This commune is mainly residential, and contains the upscale {{Interlanguage link|Biétry|fr}} and [[:fr:Zone 4|Zone 4]] neighborhoods where many foreigners live.
*'''[[Port-Bouët]]''': This commune includes the {{Interlanguage link|Société Ivoirienne de Raffinage|fr}} refinery and the [[Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport]]. There is also an established office of the [[Institut de Recherche pour le Développement|IRD]], the centre of Little Bassam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ird.ci/ird/petitbassam.html |title=Centre des Sciences Sociales |website=[[Institut de recherche pour le développement|IRD]] |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207201015/http://www.ird.ci/ird/petitbassam.html |archive-date=7 December 2008}}</ref> The famous [[lighthouse]] sweeps the [[Gulf of Guinea]] for several nautical miles out. The {{Interlanguage link|Vridi|fr}} beach area is busy every weekend although the ocean is very rough; this phenomenon widely holds all along the [[Gulf of Guinea]]. From 1950 on, Vridi has been the primary employment hub in Abidjan because of its increasing number of factories and warehouses.
*'''[[Treichville]]''': This commune is home to the [[Autonomous Port of Abidjan]] and to many stores. The port area is also industrial. There is also the Treichville state swimming pool (PET),<!-- "piscine d'état de" ? --> the Treichville sports palace, the [[Palace of Culture of Abidjan|Palace of Culture]], and the Abidjan [[racetrack]].
** [[Île Boulay]].

==== Suburbs ====
Towns near Abidjan include [[Jacqueville]], [[Grand-Lahou]] and [[Dabou]] in the west; [[Sikensi]], [[Tiassalé]], [[Agboville]], [[Adzopé]] and [[Alépé]] in the north; and [[Grand-Bassam]] to the east.

The towns (or [[sub-prefectures of Ivory Coast|sub-prefectures]]) of [[Anyama]], [[Bingerville]], [[Brofodoumé]] and [[Songon]] are within the [[Abidjan Department]], which is co-extensive with the autonomous district.

== Politics ==
=== Administration ===

==== Organisation ====
Formerly managed by the French colonial administration, Abidjan became a municipality ([[Communes of Ivory Coast|commune]]) in 1956, divided into administrative areas by lagoons. Its first municipal council was elected on 18 November 1956, and the first mayor in the context of the Loi-Cadre of 1956<ref>{{cite web |title=Loi n°56-619 du 23 juin 1956: MESURES PROPRES A ASSURER L'EVOLUTION DES TERRITOIRES RELEVANT DU MINISTERE DE LA FRANCE D'OUTRE-MER |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000692222 |access-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308010331/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000692222 |archive-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> was president [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]].

{| rules="all" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="margin:auto; border:1px solid #999; border-right:2px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid #999; background:#f3fff3;"
|+ style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"|List of successive mayors
|- style="background:#dfd;"
! Date of election !! Name !! Party !! Background !! Status
|-
|align=right|1956 ||[[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]] || style="text-align:center;"|[[PDCI-RDA]] ||Politician||Elected
|-
|align=right|     ||Antoine Filidori |||||Industry ||Appointed
|-
|align=right|     ||Jean Porquet |||||Industry ||Appointed
|-
|align=right|     ||Antoine Konan Kanga || style="text-align:center;"|[[PDCI-RDA]]||Politician||Appointed
|-
|align=right|1980 ||Emmanuel Dioulo || style="text-align:center;"|[[PDCI-RDA]]||Politician||Elected
|-
|align=right|1985 ||Mobio N'Koumo || style="text-align:center;"|[[PDCI-RDA]]||Politician ||Elected
|}

In 1980, the municipality of Abidjan (''commune d'Abidjan'') was transformed into the City of Abidjan (''Ville d'Abidjan''), and its territory was divided in 10 [[Communes of Ivory Coast|communes]]. A city council and mayor of the City of Abidjan elected by the population oversaw the entire city, whereas 10 municipal councils also elected by the population managed each commune. Dioulo Emmanuel was elected mayor of the City of Abidjan on 30 November 1980.

In 2001, the City of Abidjan was disbanded and replaced by a larger Autonomous District of Abidjan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le Statut du District d'Abidjan. Loi n° 2001-478 du 9 août 2001 portant statut du District d'Abidjan |url=https://loidici.biz/2018/09/18/le-statut-du-district-dabidjan/lois-article-par-article/plus-de-textes-de-lois/ |website=Loidici |access-date=17 September 2022 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> The autonomous district overlaps the [[Abidjan Department]], which was established in 1969 and has had its current boundaries since 1998. The district is made up of the 10 communes of the former City of Abidjan, and of 4 outlying sub-prefectures: [[Anyama]], [[Bingerville]], [[Brofodoumé]], and [[Songon]]. Since the 2000s, the built-up area of Abidjan has largely expanded into these 4 formerly rural sub-prefectures.

As a result of the creation of the Autonomous District of Abidjan in 2001, the post of Mayor of City of Abidjan was replaced by that of District Governor, appointed by the head of state. The position has been occupied by [[Robert Beugré Mambé]] since 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abidjan.district.ci/index2.php?page=gou |title=Anciens Maires et Gouverneurs |trans-title=Former Mayors and Governors |publisher=Abidjan |access-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412183502/http://www.abidjan.district.ci/index2.php?page=gou |archive-date=12 April 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The District Governor manages Abidjan along with an assembly, the Autonomous District Council (''Conseil du District Autonome''), one-third of whose members are appointed by the government of Côte d'Ivoire, and two-third are representatives from the municipal councils of the communes making up the district. Each of the ten communes of Abidjan has its own municipal council, headed by a mayor. The last municipal elections were held in 2018. The sub-prefectures of the autonomous district also have their own mayors and councils.
[[File:Côte d'Ivoire - District autonome Abidjan.svg|left|thumb|Location of the autonomous district of Abidjan]]
[[File:Abidjan Communes.svg|thumb|{{center|The 10 communes of the former City of Abidjan, now included in the larger Autonomous District of Abidjan}}]]

{|class=wikitable
|-
! Commune
! Mayor
! Political party
|-
|[[Abobo]]
|Adama Toungara
|[[Rally of the Republicans|RDR]]
|-
|[[Adjamé]]
|Youssouf Sylla
|[[Rally of the Republicans|RDR]]
|-
|[[Attécoubé]]
|Danho Paulin
|[[PDCI-RDA]]
|-
|[[Cocody]]
|{{Interlanguage link|Jean-Baptiste Gomont Diagou|fr}}
|[[Ivorian Popular Front|FPI]]
|-
|[[Plateau, Ivory Coast|Le Plateau]]
|Akossi Noel Bendjo
|[[PDCI-RDA]]
|-
|[[Yopougon]]
|Gbamnan Djidan Jean Félicien
|[[Ivorian Popular Front|FPI]]
|-
|[[Treichville]]
|[[François Amichia]]
|[[PDCI-RDA]]
|-
|[[Koumassi]]
|N'Dohi Yapi Raymond
|[[PDCI-RDA]]
|-
|[[Marcory]]
|Marcellin Akanda Assi
|[[Ivorian Popular Front|FPI]]
|-
|[[Port-Bouët]]
|[[Hortense Aka-Anghui]]
|[[PDCI-RDA]]
|}

The communes of Abobo, Adjamé, Attécoubé, Cocody, and Plateau are located north of the Ébrié Lagoon (hence the name "Abidjan North"). This is the continental part of Abidjan.
The commune of Yopougon straddles the lagoon, with part lying north and part south of that body of water. The communes of [[Treichville]], [[Koumassi]], [[Marcory]], and [[Port-Bouet]] in Abidjan are south of the lagoon. {{Interlanguage link|Blokosso|fr}} and {{Interlanguage link|Locodjro|fr}} villages are included within the city and maintain cultural identity in urban areas.
[[File:Quartier d'Affaires au Plateau à Abidjan (29916932210).jpg|thumb|right|Le Plateau, Abidjan]]

== Education ==
{{See also|List of schools in Abidjan}}
The [[Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny]] was founded in 1964.

In Côte d'Ivoire, the enrollment rate is 74%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bibliotheque.refer.org/livre244/l24424.pdf |title=La Scolarisation en Côte d'Ivoire |first=Noël Kouassi |last=Ayewa |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625164113/http://www.bibliotheque.refer.org/livre244/l24424.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2007}}</ref> and access to secondary education is limited by an entrance assessment at the 6th stage after which one-third of students are allowed to continue their studies. 24% of the student population resides in Abidjan, which comprises 20% of the total population. Abidjan is the location of the main educational institutions in the Côte d'Ivoire. These include the Lycée Classique d'Abidjan, the Lycée Sainte-Marie de Cocody, Lycée garçon de Bingerville, and Mami Adjoua the Lyceum. The [[Lycée Français Blaise Pascal Abidjan|Blaise Pascal Abidjan school]] is a French school – a school who has signed an agreement with the [[Agency for French Education Abroad|AEFE]]. Recently the [[Jean-Mermoz International School|Lycée International Jean-Mermoz]] re-opened which was initially called College International Jean-Mermoz, founded by Pierre Padovani. The Institution suffered from a devastating war and was forced to close.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://adfe.org |title=Site de l'ADFE |publisher=Adfe.org |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033103/http://adfe.org/ |archive-date=13 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Government institutions ==
[[File:Asnat codivoire.jpg|thumb|Seat of the [[National Assembly of Cote d'Ivoire]]]]

The majority of Ivorian government institutions are still located in Abidjan and have not been transferred to the political capital, [[Yamoussoukro]]. The President's office is in [[Cocody]],<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.présidence.ci Le site officiel de la présidence de Côte d'Ivoire]{{dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and the parliament,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://primature.ci//|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609104659/http://www.premierministre.ci/|url-status=dead|title=Cabinet du Premier Ministre de Côte d'Ivoire|archivedate=9 June 2012|website=primature.ci|accessdate=19 December 2022}}</ref> the [[Constitutional Council (Côte d'Ivoire)|Constitutional Council]], the Supreme Court, and the Chancellery of the National Order are all in [[Plateau, Côte d'Ivoire|Le Plateau]]. Under the presidency of [[Laurent Gbagbo]] (2000–11), efforts were made to give effect to the project of making the political capital Yamoussoukro in Côte d'Ivoire.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.courrierinternational.com/article.asp?obj_id=13683 |title=Article de Courrier International |work=Courrier International |location=France |date=24 March 2011 |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201093458/http://www.courrierinternational.com/article.asp?obj_id=13683 |archive-date=1 December 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> This goal continues to be the consensus of the country's political leaders.

Government offices are located in Le Plateau<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.gouv.ci/ Portail officiel du gouvernement ivoirien] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611065145/http://www.gouv.ci/ |date=11 June 2012 }}</ref> in the administrative district of Abidjan, Boulevard Carde or Angoulvant Boulevard (near the Cathedral of St. Paul of Abidjan), or elsewhere in the great buildings of the town.

== Security ==
The instability of the 2002–2007 civil war and 2010–2011 crisis saw foreign peacekeeping forces stationed in Abidjan. The United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire ([[United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire|UNOCI]]), established in April 2004, has its headquarters at the former Hotel Sebroko in Attécoubé. While the size of the force has been reduced since the end of the 2011 crisis, UNOCI's mandate was extended in 2013 and again in 2015.{{Update inline|date=February 2024|reason=UNOCI ended in 2017 per the UNOCI article}} The force remains authorized to maintain up to 5,245 troops, 192 observers, 1,500 police and eight customs officers in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unoci/background.shtml|title=UNOCI Background – United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire|website=www.un.org|access-date=2016-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708043957/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unoci/background.shtml|archive-date=8 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

France's peacekeeping operations in Côte d'Ivoire continued under the aegis of [[Opération Licorne|Operation Unicorn]] until 2015 and then as the French forces in Côte d'Ivoire from 2015 onward. In 2014, French defense minister [[Jean-Yves Le Drian]] announced that Abidjan would be reinforced as the entry point for France's military presence and counterterrorism operations in the [[Sahel]] region.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/france-to-create-new-africa-outposts-to-better-fight-terrorism-1.1649084|title=France to create new Africa outposts to better fight terrorism|last=Keaten|first=Jamey|newspaper=CTVNews|language=en-CA|access-date=2016-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202171658/http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/france-to-create-new-africa-outposts-to-better-fight-terrorism-1.1649084|archive-date=2 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> After [[Grand-Bassam shootings|al-Qaeda militants targeted beachgoers]] at [[Grand-Bassam]] in March 2016, the French government announced it would increase its troop deployment in Côte d'Ivoire from 500 to 900.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mgafrica.com/article/2016-04-30-france-says-it-will-increase-forces-in-ivory-coast-as-region-faces-growing-islamist-threat|title=France says it will increase forces in Côte d'Ivoire, as region faces growing Islamist threat|date=2016-04-30|newspaper=MG Africa|access-date=2016-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202040140/http://mgafrica.com/article/2016-04-30-france-says-it-will-increase-forces-in-ivory-coast-as-region-faces-growing-islamist-threat|archive-date=2 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> French soldiers are based in Port-Bouet as well as at the Abidjan airport.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/ema/forces-prepositionnees/cote-d-ivoire/dossier/les-forces-francaises-en-cote-d-ivoire|title=Les forces françaises en Côte d'Ivoire|website=www.defense.gouv.fr|access-date=2016-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202035643/http://www.defense.gouv.fr/ema/forces-prepositionnees/cote-d-ivoire/dossier/les-forces-francaises-en-cote-d-ivoire|archive-date=2 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2007, Pierre Laba's comedy film ''Permanent Danger'' explored the laxity of the police against banditry in major African cities, specifically in Abidjan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africiné - Danger Permanent |url=http://www.africine.org/film/danger-permanent/11171 |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=Africiné |language=fr}}</ref>

=== Police ===
Abidjan is divided into districts, each of which has a police station. The municipal police and national police are separate.

All police are trained at the National Police Academy in the town of Cocody. They are recruited by competitive examination held by the police administration. The police include several sections, such as the BAE (Anti Riot Squad), whose base is located in Yopougon north of the city, the CRS (Republican Security Company), whose main base is located in Williamsville (Adjame) and also includes a secondary base called CRS2, which is located in Zone 4 in the town of [[Marcory]] in the central capital. The Force{{who|date=October 2016}} and CECOS accompany the police.

The main base of the gendarmerie is at Agban (commonly Adjamé). There are others in [[Abobo]] and [[Koumassi]]. A training school is in Cocody and the city{{clarify|date=October 2016}}.

=== Drugs ===
Since 2000, Côte d'Ivoire has experienced a sharp rise in drug trafficking. Drug dens arise mainly in informal settlements and there has been a recent spike in demand among unemployed youth and Ivorian vagrants. The Ivorian police increasingly focus on the fight against trafficking and drug use in the district of Abidjan. A report by the Office of the UN says West Africa plays an increasingly important role in the transit of cocaine between Latin America and Europe.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/09/21/africa.drug.cartels/
|title=Latin American drug cartels find home in West Africa
|first=Arthur
|last=Brice
|date=21 September 2009
|website=[[CNN]].com
|access-date=28 December 2014
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228061324/http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/09/21/africa.drug.cartels/
|archive-date=28 December 2014
|url-status=live
}}</ref> In May 2007, seven drug houses were dismantled and 191 people arrested including a military officer.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://news.abidjan.net/article/index.asp?n=251239 Lutte contre la drogue : destruction de sept "fumoirs", 191 personnes interpellées dont un militaire]{{dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Le Patriote'', 30 May 2007</ref><ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://news.abidjan.net/article/index.asp?n=251106 Lutte contre la drogue, Visite du ministre de l'intérieur dans les fumoirs, 189 personnes interpellées]{{dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Le Front'', 30 May 2007</ref>

=== French military base ===
Abidjan is home to [[Port-Bouet]], one of the six French military bases that still exist in Africa ([[Dakar]], [[Libreville]], [[Bouar]] CAR, [[N'Djamena]] and [[Djibouti]]).{{Update inline|date=February 2024|reason=French military no longer in CAR it seems}} Thousands of people live there, around the 43rd BIMA which is permanently in place in accordance with established defense agreements on 24 April 1961 linking the two countries.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.doc.diplomatie.gouv.fr/BASIS/pacte/webext/bilat/SDF?TOUSTI=d%E9fense
|title=Accords et Traités
|publisher=Doc.diplomatie.gouv.fr
|access-date=9 March 2014
}}</ref>

== Relationships and partnerships ==
=== Diplomacy and international bodies ===
Abidjan is the regional headquarters of major international institutions, including [[UNICEF]], the [[UN Development Programme]], the [[World Health Organization]], the [[World Food Programme]], the [[United Nations Office for Project Services]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unops.org/english/where-we-work/africa/Pages/default.aspx |title=UNOPS in Africa |website=[[United Nations Office for Project Services|UNOPS]] |access-date=28 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202053228/https://www.unops.org/english/where-we-work/africa/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=2 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[United Nations Population Fund]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.unfpa.org/docs/civ |title=Cote D'Ivoire |website=[[United Nations Population Fund|UNFPA]] |access-date=28 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228070444/https://data.unfpa.org/docs/civ |archive-date=28 December 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[International Labour Organization]], the [[International Monetary Fund]], and the [[International Fund for Agricultural Development]]. [[List of diplomatic missions in Ivory Coast|Diplomatic missions in Ivory Coast]] are mostly located in Abidjan.

The [[African Development Bank]] (ADB),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.izf.net/IZF/FicheIdentite/BAD.htm |title=La BAD |publisher=Izf.net |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021955/http://www.izf.net/IZF/FicheIdentite/BAD.htm |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the largest financial institution in Africa, is headquartered in Abidjan.

==== Twin towns – Sister cities ====
Abidjan is [[Twin towns and sister cities|sisters]] with:
{{Div col|colwidth=27em}}
* {{flagdeco|CHN}} [[Tianjin]], China
* {{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Marseille]], France
* {{flagdeco|BRA}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
* {{flagdeco|USA}} [[San Francisco]], United States
* {{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Alfortville]], France (''twinned with [[Cocody]]'')
* {{flagdeco|GHA}} [[Kumasi]], Ghana (''twinned with [[Treichville]]'')
* {{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Pontault-Combault]], France (''twinned with [[Anyama]]'')
* {{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Boulogne-Billancourt]], France
* {{flagdeco|JPN}} [[Yokohama]], Japan
* {{flagdeco|CHE}} [[Basel]], Switzerland
{{colend}}

== Society ==
The 2021 census recorded Abidjan's population as 6,321,017. As Abidjan is inhabited by people from a wide array of different [[ethnicity|ethnicities]], French is commonly spoken in the [[metropolitan area]], which is the third largest French speaking metropolitan area in the world after [[Kinshasa]] and [[Paris]].{{Citation needed|reason=Reference needed. An authoritative reference is needed so that the relative sizes of these Francophone cities is acknowledged in the different articles|date=June 2009}} Colloquial Abidjan French has even appeared, which has a different pronunciation and some slang words different from standard French. Abidjan is recognized as one of the few areas in Africa where French (colloquial Abidjan French) is truly a native tongue,<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [https://www.amazon.fr/dp/2271059682 ''Le français à Abidjan : Pour une approche syntaxique du non-standard''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120083936/http://www.amazon.fr/dp/2271059682 |date=20 January 2016 }} by Katja Ploog, [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|CNRS Editions]], Paris, 2002.</ref> along with [[Libreville]], Gabon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/Gabon.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529221022/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/gabon.htm|url-status=dead|title="De plus, le français est également devenu la langue maternelle de plus de 30% des Librevillois et il est de plus en plus perçu comme une langue gabonaise."|archivedate=29 May 2010|access-date=19 December 2022|language=fr}}</ref>

=== Demographics ===
The District of Abidjan's population was 6,321,017 at the 14 December 2021 census,<ref name=census_2021 /> up from 4,707,404 at the 15 May 2014 census.<ref name=census_2014>{{cite web |url=https://www.ins.ci/documents/rgph/ivoirien18plus.pdf |title=RGPH 2014 Résultats globaux|author=[[Institut National de la Statistique de Côte d'Ivoire]]|access-date=2022-08-09}}</ref>

Population increase, lower in the 2000s due to the economic crisis and [[First Ivorian Civil War|Ivorian Civil War]], has picked up in the 2010s to levels unseen since the 1980s thanks to the rapid economic growth experienced by Abidjan after the return of peace in 2012. Many inhabitants come to live in Abidjan for employment and better standards of living.

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; width: 450px;"
|+ Demographic evolution
! Year
! City of Abidjan<br /><small>(422&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)</small><br /><small>(disbanded in 2001)</small>
! District of Abidjan<br /><small>(2,119&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)</small><br /><small>(created in 2001)</small>
! Yearly growth
|-
! 1912
| 1,400
| —
| —
|-
! 1928
| 5,400
| —
| +8.80%
|-
! 1939
| 22,000
| —
| +13.62%
|-
! 1948
| 48,000
| —
| +9.06%
|-
! 1955
| 125,000
| —
| +14.65%
|-
! 1963
| 254,000
| —
| +8.70%
|-
! 1975
| 951,216
| —
| +11.81%
|-
! 1988
| 1,929,079
| —
| +5.65%
|-
! 1998
| 2,877,948
| 3,133,608
| +3.79%
|-
! 2014
| —
| 4,707,404
| +2.68%
|-
! 2021
| —
| 6,321,017
| +3.96%
|-
| Colspan=4 | <small>Sources: City: 1912–1948 administrative estimates,<ref name=brief>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j-0eAQAAMAAJ&dq=population+abidjan+1955+1963&pg=PT2 |title=Statistical Briefs from Around the World|author=[[US Department of Commerce]]|page=3|date=31 July 1964|access-date=2022-08-09}}</ref> 1955 [[INSEE]] census,<ref name=brief /> 1963 [[Sema Group|SEMA]] demographic survey,<ref name=brief /> 1975–1998 [[Institut National de la Statistique de Côte d'Ivoire|INS]] censuses.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ireda.ceped.org/inventaire/ressources/civ-1998-rec-o13_t13_urbanisation.pdf |title=Recensement général de la population et de l'habitation de 1998 – Volume IV : Analyse des résultats – Tome 13 : Urbanisation|author=[[Institut National de la Statistique de Côte d'Ivoire]]|page=23|date=July 2001|access-date=2022-08-09}}</ref></small><br /><small>District: 1998 INS census,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://transports.gouv.ci/sites/default/files/3-echangeurs-version-finale-a-publier.pdf|title=Projet de construction de trois échangeurs d'Abidjan – Etude d'Impact Environnemental et Social (EIES)|author=République de Côte d'Ivoire, Ministère de l'Équipement et de l'Entretien routier|page=141 (207)|date=February 2019|access-date=2022-08-09}}</ref> 2014 INS census,<ref name=census_2014 /> 2021 INS census.<ref name=census_2021 /></small>
|}

[[File:Abidjan Centre1.JPG|thumb|right|Abidjan Centre]]
By 1950, Abidjan had just exceeded a population of 50,000 (at the end of 1948). Reaching a population of a million by the end of 1975, the city grew at a rate of 10 to 12% per year, doubling every six or seven years. However, this growth underwent a sharp decline due to the crises of the 1980s and 1990s. In the last 20 years of the 20th century, the growth rate dropped to 3–6%. Birth rate growth was supplemented by migration, with the influx being substantial and the outflow only partly offseting the arrivals. The migration, prior to the census of 1988, contributed a growth of about 80,000 with 50,000 people from within Côte d'Ivoire, and about 30,000 from abroad per year.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

From within Côte d'Ivoire, the migration pattern was dominated by [[Akan people|Akan]] (South-east, 48%), then [[Mandé peoples|Mandé]] (North-west, 24%) and [[Krumen people|Krou]] (South-west, 20%). From abroad, the migration was [[Burkina Faso|Burkinabes]] (30%), [[Mali]]ans (22%), [[Ghana]]ians (19%), [[Niger]]ien (11%), and [[Guinea]]ns (9%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/education/ACTES/Com_Zanou.PDF |title=Strategies Educatives En Milieu Emigre De La Cote-D'Ivoire |access-date=9 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727150448/http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/education/ACTES/Com_Zanou.PDF |archive-date=27 July 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Of the non-African migration, [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] migration was highest, followed by European migration, with the French being largest of this latter group. All in all, people of non-African origin represent 3% of the total population of Abidjan, which remains the highest in the region.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

=== Languages ===
The traditional language of the city was [[Ebrié language|Ebrié]]. Since independence, the [[official language]] in Abidjan and throughout Côte d'Ivoire has been [[French language|French]]. While the official language is a formal variety of standard French similar to that of Paris, the most commonly spoken form of [[African French#Abidjan French|French in Abidjan]] is a colloquial dialect known as ''français de Treichville'' or ''français de Moussa'' which differs from standard French in pronunciation and in some of its vocabulary. Another form of spoken French in Abidjan is ''[[Nouchi]]'', a highly informal variety used as adolescent slang. The historical lingua franca, still spoken and understood by most of the trading population of Abidjan, is [[Dioula language|Dioula]]. The city hosts many Ivorians from all over the country and about sixty vernacular languages are spoken, such as [[Attié language|Attié]], [[Baoulé language|Baoulé]], [[Bété language|Bété]], and [[Wobé language|Wobé]]. Abidjan is surrounded by more than thirty villages where Baoulé and Ébrié are still commonly spoken.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

=== Health ===
Some traditional medicine establishments sell traditional drugs in the street.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} There are numerous health centers, pharmacies and pharmacopoeias.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} The city has more than fifty clinics, and over sixty specialist locations ([[veterinary]], [[dermatology]], [[Dentistry|dental]], [[optometry]], motherhood, [[psychology]], [[pediatrics]], etc.){{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}.

=== Urbanism and habitat ===
Modern districts like [[Le Plateau, Abidjan|Plateau]] or [[Cocody]] have developed similar to those in Europe with the construction of large office towers and apartment buildings between the 1970s and the mid-1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/fr/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=100024&bt=5&ht=2&sro=0 |title=Abidjan – Immeubles de grandes hauteurs existant |publisher=Emporis |date=15 June 2009 |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629190249/http://www.emporis.com/fr/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=100024&bt=5&ht=2&sro=0 |archive-date=29 June 2011 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> The [[CCIA Building|CCIA building]] (Abidjan International Trade Center Building), a skyscraper, was completed in 1982.

Traditional neighborhoods like [[Treichville]] or [[Marcory]] maintained the system of "concessions" where housing is adjacent to the plant and an area of several houses, within the normal organization and multi centuries-old African villages.<ref>Haeringer Ph., Vingt-cinq ans de politique urbaine à Abidjan ou la tentation de l'urbanisme intégral, Politique Africaine, n°17, 20–40, 1985</ref>

The district of [[Cocody]] is also home to many single-storey wooden villas, surrounded by vast gardens of lush vegetation, fed by the heavy rains that water the city. Wealthier inhabitants constructed villas in imitation of Greek temples in this district. In addition, many houses were built on stilts on the edge of the [[Ébrié Lagoon]]. The town hall, a fine example of [[modernist]] architecture, was designed by architect {{Interlanguage link|Henri Chomette(architect)|fr|3=Henri Chomette (architecte)|lt=Henri Chomette}}.

==== Problems with urban network ====
[[File:Abidjan-Plateau1.JPG|thumb|Urban Network in Le Plateau]]

The urban network is disrupted, as Abidjan has seen its population double every seven years since 1945. Rural people are attracted by the opportunities of the city. Abidjan represents 45% of city dwellers in the Côte d'Ivoire and 20% of the overall population. The city is by far the country's largest, dwarfing the second-largest city, [[Bouaké]] (which had 542,082 inhabitants in 2014) as well as the political capital, [[Yamoussoukro]] (207,412 inhabitants).

==== Urban squalor ====

Since the [[2006 Ivory Coast toxic waste dump|2006 Probo Koala toxic waste dumping incident]],<ref>Probo-Koala : la mortelle errance d'un bateau-poubelle, ''Le Monde'', 29 septembre 2006</ref> significant efforts have been made to address waste management issues in Abidjan. In 2006, a contract was signed between [[China]] and Côte d'Ivoire: a Chinese company handling urban waste and industrial plans to treat all waste district this transformation also create daily cleaning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.abidjan.net/videos/video_wm.asp?n=4467&cat=pol |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210206/http://news.abidjan.net/videos/video_wm.asp?n=4467&cat=pol |title=Salubrité urbaine : Signature d'un accord entre la chine et le District d'Abidjan |website=Abidjan.net |language=fr |archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref>

French nongovernmental organisation [[Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development|ACTED]] rolled out a three-part project across three districts of Abidjan in 2016, establishing street cleaning, waste collection and hygiene training. ACTED spokesperson Jérémy Lescot described the project as "a fine success".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ready-for-the-resource-revolution.com/en/acted-sustainable-access-to-sanitation-in-ivory-coast/ |title="ACTED: sustainable access to sanitation in Ivory Coast" |website=Ready for the Rescue |access-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707133812/http://www.ready-for-the-resource-revolution.com/en/acted-sustainable-access-to-sanitation-in-ivory-coast/ |archive-date=7 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== Urban rehabilitation ====
The last transportation upgrade in Abidjan led to the repaving of certain roads in the capital in 1994. Since May 2007, the company {{Interlanguage link|Ageroute|fr}} (Road Management Agency) is undertaking major operations in Abidjan and [[Anyama]] relating to badly damaged roads, suffering from lack of maintenance, heavy rain and protests. It is also addressing the gutters and unpaved roads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediaf.org/fr/pays/fiche.php?itm=2124&md=&thm=&p=16 |title=Article du Matin d'Abidjan
|publisher=Mediaf.org
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206231145/http://www.mediaf.org/fr/pays/fiche.php?itm=2124&md=&thm=&p=16
|archive-date=6 February 2008
}}</ref> The District and BNETD plan to rehabilitate and construct {{convert|400|to(-)|500|mi|km|abbr=off}}, providing them with a quality to last 15–20 years of life. Improvements include the rehabilitation of roads in Abidjan and [[Anyama]], construction of drains, the tarring of gravel roads and sanitation of the city by the construction of sewers. These rehabilitations affect all municipalities in Abidjan:

* In [[Cocody]], at a cost of 3&nbsp;billion [[CFA franc]], reconstruction of the [[Corniche]], one of the busiest roads in the municipality. Reconstruction has been extended by the dam of the limit, located at the ''Carrefour de la vie'', to filter all waste dumped into the lagoon.
* At [[Yopougon]], the rehabilitation nerve Sand continues with the construction of a culvert {{convert|200|ft|m|abbr=off}} long designed to slow the streaking wastewater, the main cause of the degradation of pathways.
* In [[Abobo]] the degradation of the roads requires a significant investment in manufacturing and installation of gutters to ensure proper sanitation. The rehabilitation of roads and highways continues.

== Notable people ==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> 
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> 
*[[Lassina Diomandé]] (born 1979), footballer
*[[Didier Drogba]] (born 1978), footballer
*[[Fatou Bolli]] (born 1952), novelist
*[[Modeste Gnakpa]] (born 1988), footballer
*[[Kader Kohou]] (born 1998), American football player
*[[Arnaud Monney]] (born 1981), football player
*[[Anderson Lago Zeze]] (born 1989), football player
*[[Christian Kouamé]] (born 1997), football player
*[[Marc Guéhi]] (born 2000), football player
*[[Amad (footballer)|Amad]] (born 2002), professional footballer
*[[Ismaël Koné]] (born 2002), Canadian professional footballer

== Economy ==
[[File:Le marché d'adjamé.jpg|thumb|Market in [[Adjamé]]]]
The principal stock exchange of the Côte d'Ivoire and the other seven countries of the Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA),<ref group=note>Bénin, Burkina Faso, Guinée-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Sénégal, and Togo.</ref> [[Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières]] (BRVM), is located in Abidjan.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.brvm.org/en/node/6
|title=Historique
|author=Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières needed
|date=October 2009
|access-date=18 October 2016
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028065424/http://www.brvm.org/en/node/6
|archive-date=28 October 2016
|url-status=live
}}</ref> [[Air Ivoire]] had its head office in Abidjan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.airivoire.com/a_propos/index.php?page=contacts |title=A propos de Air Ivoire |website=Air Ivoire |access-date=8 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531071653/http://www.airivoire.com/a_propos/index.php?page=contacts |archive-date=31 May 2009}}</ref> Prior to its dissolution, [[Air Afrique]] was headquartered in Abidjan.<ref>"World Airline Directory." ''Flight International''. 30 March 1985. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%200893.html 33] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729180920/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%200893.html |date=29 July 2013 }}  Retrieved on 17 June 2009.</ref>

== Industry ==
The region near the lagoons is the most industrialized region of the country.

Major industries include [[food processing]], [[lumber]], automobile manufacturing, textiles, [[chemical industry|chemicals]], and [[soap]]. There is also a large [[oil refinery]]. Its industries are mainly in construction and maintenance with the presence of major international groups: the furnace SETAO, Colas, [[Bouygues]], [[Jean Lefebvre]], and Swiss [[Holcim]].

There are textile industries with the packaging of cotton in the north both for export or for on-site processing of cloth, canvas, batik clothing and miscellaneous. The textile sector is very dynamic, and represents 15.6% of net investment, 13% of turnover and 24% of the value added in Ivorian industry.

There are several offshore oil wells in operation (Côte d'Ivoire is an oil producing country), which leads to the presence of a chemical industry with oil refineries,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mbendi.co.za/french/RESI.HTM |title=Societe Ivoirienne de Raffinage (SIR) – Simple Oil Refinery in Vridi, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire |publisher=Mbendi.co.za |access-date=9 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620001603/http://www.mbendi.co.za/french/RESI.HTM |archive-date=20 June 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and an oil port. It also works on stones and precious metals for exportation<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.notre-planete.info/actualites/actu_1209_moratoire_interdiction_commerce_ivoire.php |title=Interdiction du commerce international de l'ivoire |date=25 May 2007 |publisher=Notre-planete.info |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721225811/http://www.notre-planete.info/actualites/actu_1209_moratoire_interdiction_commerce_ivoire.php |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The city also has a large wood processing plant at the port by river from the forests of central [[Canada]]{{clarify|date=October 2016}}. It exports natural [[mahogany]], peeled wood, [[plywood]] and [[Paperboard|chipboard]] for the past two centuries.

Food industry mainly include: the production of [[palm oil]], [[bergamot orange|bergamot]] and [[Bitter orange|Seville oranges]]. In the west, rubber is processed as well as manufacturing beverages from [[pineapples]], oranges<ref>En Afrique de l'Ouest, les oranges ont la peau verte</ref> and [[mango]]es, producing robusta [[coffee]]: Côte d'Ivoire is the third largest producer, behind [[Colombia]] and [[Brazil]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tkwa.free.fr/lespaysproducteurs.php |title=Carte des pays producteurs de café |publisher=Tkwa.free.fr |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720231035/http://tkwa.free.fr/lespaysproducteurs.php |archive-date=20 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> and processing [[cocoa bean|cocoa]], it is the largest producer in the world ahead of [[Ghana]] and [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unctad.org/infocomm/francais/cacao/marche.htm |title=Le marché du cacao |publisher=Unctad.org |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403105821/http://www.unctad.org/infocomm/francais/cacao/marche.htm |archive-date=3 April 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (37% of cocoa and 10% of coffee products undergo at least one first local processing). Abidjan is also the first African [[tuna]] port for the European market. This generated 3,000 salaried jobs and is an important source of foreign exchange. As in all countries of the Third World developing countries, much of the city's economy lies in what economists describe as informal economy<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_jeune_afrique.asp?art_cle=LIN02103lcononajdib0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195014/http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_jeune_afrique.asp?art_cle=LIN02103lcononajdib0 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |title=L'économie parallèle, béquille d'Abidjan. |language=fr |date=2001-10-02 |first=Paul |last=Loubière}}</ref> with its many "odd jobs".<ref>Abdou Touré, La civilisation quotidienne en Côte d'Ivoire: Les petits métiers à Abidjan, Éditions Karthala, 1982</ref>

=== Tertiary sector ===
The development of tertiary industry, with the establishment of international commercial banks and the increasing number of service companies of all types, appears to be the trend of recent years. Abidjan is the main financial center of [[French West Africa]]. The seat of the common stock exchange of West Africa (BRVM) is located in Abidjan. BRVM is mainly dominated by Ivorian firms.

=== Electricity ===
The thermal power plant Azito, built in 1997 in partnership with [[Électricité de France|EDF]], located on the Yopougon on the edge of the lagoon and facing Ébrié Island Boulay, alone provides 300 MW.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.azitoenergie.com/index2.htm |title=La centrale thermique d'Azito |publisher=Azitoenergie.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310120018/http://www.azitoenergie.com/index2.htm |archive-date=10 March 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Two other power plants, built in 1984 and 1985, are installed in [[Vridi]]. Several utilities are installed in Abidjan: [[CI Energies]], formerly SOPIE, which is a corporation state,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sopie.ci |title=Site de la société SOPIE |publisher=Sopie.ci |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106160458/http://www.sopie.ci/ |archive-date=6 November 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ICE and CIPREL, subsidiaries of the French group SAUR<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waternunc.com/fr/saur10.htm |title=Le groupe français SAUR en Côté d'Ivoire |publisher=Waternunc.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204121731/http://www.waternunc.com/fr/saur10.htm |archive-date=4 February 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Côte d'Ivoire produces all the electricity it consumes, and exports to neighboring countries, [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]], [[Mali]] and [[Burkina Faso]] through the interconnection.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rennes.iep.fr/IMG/pdf/Abidjan.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129110730/http://www.rennes.iep.fr/IMG/pdf/Abidjan.pdf |archive-date=2007-01-29 |title=Séminaire Maîtrise de l'urbanisation et développement durable |language=fr}}</ref>

The production, which increases steadily, and gas storage are provided by two state companies: PETROCI and GESTOCI.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.izf.net/izf/EE/pro/cote_ivoire/5020_Gaz.asp |title=Secteur gazier en Côte d'Ivoire |publisher=Izf.net |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706222149/http://www.izf.net/izf/EE/pro/cote_ivoire/5020_Gaz.asp |archive-date=6 July 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A small industry of renewable energy production has also developed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://perspective.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/tend/CIV/fr/EG.USE.CRNW.KT.OE.html |title=Production d'énergies renouvelables en Côte d'Ivoire |publisher=Perspective.usherbrooke.ca |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706211241/http://perspective.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/tend/CIV/fr/EG.USE.CRNW.KT.OE.html |archive-date=6 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Telecommunication and ICT ===
The city has a powerful fixed telephone network of 450,000 lines (in 2004) managed by ''Côte d'Ivoire Telecom''. Broadband Internet connections, leased lines and ADSL are powered by various providers: Aviso Ivory Coast Telecoms. Africa is Line,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.africaonline.com/country.php?cid=16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218090256/http://www.africaonline.com/country.php?cid=16 |archive-date=2006-02-18 |title=AFRICA ONLINE CÔTE D'IVOIRE |language=fr}}</ref> Globe Access, Afnet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csdptt.org/imprimer.php3?id_article=295 |title=Panorama des télécommunications en Côte d'Ivoire |publisher=Csdptt.org |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720192216/http://www.csdptt.org/imprimer.php3?id_article=295 |archive-date=20 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Banking system ===
Abidjan is home to all the representatives of international financial institutions: [[World Bank]], [[International Monetary Fund]], [[African Development Bank]], [[BOAD]], etc. Banking Commission of WAEMU regional stock exchange securities subsidiaries of major international banks: [[BNP Paribas]], [[General bank]], [[Crédit Lyonnais]], [[Citibank]], [[JPMorgan Chase & Co.]], [[Barclays]], etc. Sixteen national banks (SGBCI, BICI, etc.) maintaining a network of 170 branches, seven financial institutions and more than thirty insurance companies make a financial competitive Abidjan that animates the entire West Africa.

=== Transportation ===
Trains on the line to [[Ouagadougou]] run from several stations in the city, the most important being in Treichville. Ferries link Treichville, Abobo-Doumé and Le Plateau. [[Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aeria.ci/abideng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040705171600/http://www.aeria.ci/abideng.htm |archive-date=2004-07-05 |title=Abidjan Plan}}</ref> serves the city. Work on a new [[Abidjan Metro|metro system]] has begun, with the beginning of service anticipated in 2020.{{Update inline|date=February 2024}}

[[Abidjan Transport Company|SOTRA]] (Abidjan Transport Company) ensure urban transportation in Abidjan via bus, taxi and luggage Line Express.

SOTRA has announced the start of work for the use of light rail to Abidjan. The project has three phases at a cost of 125&nbsp;billion CFA francs for a long loop of 32&nbsp;km.{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}

==== Taxis ====
There are two kinds: the taxi-meter (red), which can travel throughout the city, and woro-woro (yellow and green, blue or orange depending on the commune), which are limited to a neighborhood.

==== Airport ====
[[Port Bouet Airport]] has a large capacity that allows it to accommodate all existing large aircraft. Abidjan is located an hour's flight from all the capitals of the sub-region. Abidjan is served by major airlines in the direction of the great capitals of the world. Headquarters of the former multinational African Air company, Abidjan airport had nearly 2,070,000 passengers in 2017.

==== Circulation ====
The District<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abidjan-da.ci/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219065904/http://www.abidjan-da.ci/index.html |archive-date=2007-02-19 |title=BIENVENUE}}</ref> has several paved streets and boulevards linking the towns between them and the District across the country. Abidjan has a network of urban bypasses.

River transport is already consistent with fishing spots and many "boat-buses" connecting the various neighborhoods of the city thrives plan lagoon.

Abidjan is also the bridgehead of the country's only highway linking the city to the administrative and political capital, [[Yamoussoukro]].

==== Port ====
[[File:2009 Abidjan port 3841939455.jpeg|thumb|right|Port of Abidjan, 2009]]
Abidjan has one of the biggest ports in the sub-region (West Africa). It is a container transshipment port and was opened in 1951 in the presence of the Minister of Overseas and Colonies at the time, [[François Mitterrand]]. The 15&nbsp;m deep [[Vridi Canal]], where boats with large draughts can dock in the deep-water port.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winne.com/ssa/ivorycoast/reports/2007/cp/port_autonome/index.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927233942/http://www.winne.com/ssa/ivorycoast/reports/2007/cp/port_autonome/index.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 September 2007 |title=Le port d'Abidjan |publisher=Winne.com |access-date=28 March 2011}}</ref>

The Côte d'Ivoire is in the Franc Zone (where the currency is CFA francs), as part of the [[West African Economic and Monetary Union]] (WAEMU). Abidjan is the economic centre of both the Côte d'Ivoire and of the whole region, including [[Burkina Faso]] and [[Mali]]; this is mainly because of its deep-water port. The road network in Abidjan (5,600&nbsp;km asphalted in 1995, compared to 1,000&nbsp;km in 1970), which covers the whole region, effectively increases its port activity as 50% of the business from [[Burkina Faso]], [[Mali]] and [[Niger]] pass through it.

Abidjan receives the bulk of the country's industrial activity; its port alone receiving 60% of ivory park industry. Abidjan has ambitions of oil-production—off-shore production and especially [[refining]] and distribution. In 1995 the port received 12 million tonnes of traffic, of which 5.5&nbsp;million tonnes were petroleum products.

Exports include coffee, [[cocoa bean|cocoa]], [[timber]], [[bananas]], [[pineapple]]s, and [[manganese]].<ref name=EB />

==== Bridges ====
The two-halves of the city, Northern Abidjan and Southern Abidjan, are joined by the Houphouët-Boigny, the Charles de Gaulle and the [[Henri Konan Bédié Bridge|Henri Konan Bédié]] bridges. The two former bridges, built in the 1950s and 1960s respectively, are located between [[Treichville]] and [[Plateau, Ivory Coast|Le Plateau]]. The [[Second Abidjan Bridge|Général-de-Gaulle Bridge]] extends over the immense Valéry Giscard d'Estaing Boulevard which leads to the airport. Both bridges are often congested, especially during rush hour or on the occasion of police and military roadblocks.

A third {{cvt|1.5|km|mi}} toll bridge and expressway, the [[Henri Konan Bédié Bridge]] between [[Cocody]] and [[Marcory]] was completed in December 2014. Project construction began in the second half of 2012 and required the relocation of several homes and businesses opposite the Mille Maquis (the noted restaurant ''la Bâche bleue'' was moved).<ref>{{cite web |author=David Cadasse |url=https://www.afrik.com/article5740.html |title=La Bache bleue |date=27 February 2003 |publisher=Afrik.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707092841/https://www.afrik.com/le-maquis-fait-de-la-resistance |archive-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to data reported by the [[African Development Bank]], 2,499 persons were impacted by the bridge construction and were relocated and compensated.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Henri Konan Bédié Bridge, a masterpiece in the heart of Abidjan|url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/the-henri-konan-bedie-bridge-a-masterpiece-in-the-heart-of-abidjan-13858/|website=www.afdb.org|publisher=African Development Bank Group|access-date=28 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111000727/http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/the-henri-konan-bedie-bridge-a-masterpiece-in-the-heart-of-abidjan-13858/|archive-date=11 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

A fourth {{cvt|1.4|km|mi}} toll bridge is currently under construction between [[Yopougon]] and [[Plateau, Ivory Coast|Plateau]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/07/31/cote-d-ivoire-le-chantier-du-quatrieme-pont-d-abidjan-est-lance_5337776_3212.html |title=Côte d'Ivoire : le chantier du quatrième pont d'Abidjan est lancé |website=[[Le Monde]] |date=31 July 2018 |access-date=31 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201065720/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/07/31/cote-d-ivoire-le-chantier-du-quatrieme-pont-d-abidjan-est-lance_5337776_3212.html |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Trains and trams ====
{{Main|Rail transport in Côte d'Ivoire}}
[[File:2014 Abidjan train 14462380563.jpg|thumb|left|Train platform, Abidjan, 2014]]
The city is the foothold for the region's only railway: the Abidjan-[[Ouagadougou]] line, with stations in [[Treichville]], [[Abobo]] and [[Adjamé]]. This line only has two trains, the ''Gazelle'' and the ''Bélier'', and links the two capitals in about 40 hours.<ref>La construction de cette ligne a commencé en 1902. Elle devait à l'origine relier Abidjan à [[Niamey]]</ref>

The most recent project in Abidjan is the [[Abidjan Metro]] which is promised by the Ivory Society of Railroads (SICF).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=648 |title=Article Le matin d'Abidjan |publisher=Lematindabidjan.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713200041/http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=648 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The development of infrastructural projects has been envisaged, including a suburban train system in Abidjan which is estimated to cost almost 100&nbsp;billion CFA francs. This suburban train system would link the North-West to the East and North of the city. The project extends over 25&nbsp;km of railway tracks which {{As of|2011|lc=on}} were used by the operator [[Sitarail]], a subsidiary company of the [[Bolloré]] group. The infrastructural works (tracks, electrification, and civil engineers) have been estimated at 40&nbsp;billion [[CFA francs]], financed by the State of Ivory Coast and backers ([[World Bank]] and the French Development Agency). In addition, a BOT concession contract would be given to a private operator, over 20–30 years, to operate the network. This operator will be in charge of the acquisition of railway materials, workshop renovation and the implementation of an organisational system. The concession contract has been estimated to be around 60&nbsp;billion CFA francs.

=== Tourism ===
[[File:Plagecocody.jpg|right|thumb|A beach in [[Cocody]]]]

Abidjan is a unique city in Africa. Its nicknames, such as "Manhattan of the tropics", "Small Manhattan" or "Pearl of the lagoons", explain the city's unpredictable and triumphant image. With its accommodation facilities – such as the Golf Hôtel&nbsp;– and sporting facilities, its lively night life, transport and communication lines as well as its impressiveness, it is the perfect city for business tourism.

Abidjan also has beaches around the lagoon, with palm and coconut trees, in the [[Vridi]] area, which are very popular at weekends with the picturesque sight of the pineapple and coconut sellers. Nevertheless, the rip-tides which affects practically the whole of the Gulf of Guinea's coast, means that in this area swimming is not usually allowed. Generally, in Cote d'Ivoire, tourism has never really been developed as an economic industry; the country is not much of a common holiday destination.

==== Parc du Banco (Banco National Park) ====
[[File:Laundry in the river.jpg|left|thumb|Fanicos, Abidjan's washermen]]

Converted in 1926, this park has 3,000 hectares and ancient "sacred wood" lies at the entrance to the city, in the [[Attécoubé]] community, which has been conserved as a relic of the first forest which surrounded the lagoon in the past. A tarmaced road goes straight to the lake at the heart of the park and trails go throughout it. The park is inhabited and there are coffee and [[Theobroma cacao|cocoa]] plantations.

At the edge of the park, a small river serves as a wash-house where the ''fanicos'', laundry men, work after collecting the laundry from the whole of the city. It is one of the 'small jobs' which exist in Abidjan.

==== Nightlife ====
The district has an abundance of night-clubs, maquis, out-door areas, and go-go bars. These entertainment platforms provide a musical 'pipeline' encompassing mainly DJs, [[Coupé Décalé]] and [[Zouglou]], and, in lesser amounts, other local and international varieties.

Formerly containing only local traditional varieties, Congolese music and Western music, Abidjan's night life has experienced a positive cultural disruption in its music since the start of the 2000s, with the arrival of [[Coupé Décalé]].

This musical genre was introduced in 2002 by [[Douk Saga]] and {{Interlanguage link|La Jet Set|fr}}, with the help of Sagacité, created a phenomenon which has not stopped spreading and reaching out to the hot nights in the capitals of the sub-region. It has given a globally identifiable cultural identity to entertainment 'made in Côte d'Ivoire'.

The very popular Zouglou additionally benefits "Wôyô" spaces; furnished and dedicated so that the most famous, the Internat at Fitini's and the Lycee at Vieux Gazeur's, attract 'zouglouphiles' the whole weekend.

[[Treichville]], with its many maquis, discothèques, and jazz clubs, used to be the liveliest area in the city, but since the end of the 1990s [[Youpougon]], [[Marcory]], and [[Cocody]] have taken over this role.

== Culture ==
=== Monuments and museums ===
* The [[National Library of Côte d'Ivoire]]<ref>BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE. Abidjan. – Bibliographie de la Côte d'Ivoire n° I (1969)</ref>
* In [[Cocody]]:
** [[The Goethe Institute]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goethe.de/ins/ci/abi/frindex.htm |title=Site du Goethe-institut d'Abidjan |publisher=Goethe.de |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103104503/http://www.goethe.de/ins/ci/abi/frindex.htm |archive-date=3 January 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** The Municipal Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.monnirvana.net/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=85|title=Musée municipal|accessdate=19 December 2022}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
** The American Culture Centre (CCA)
** The [[Ki Yi M'Bock]] Village<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kiyi-village.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031101021258/http://kiyi-village.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 November 2003 |title=Site du village Kiyi |publisher=Kiyi-village.org |access-date=20 June 2013 }}</ref> (in the [[Riviera]]).
** Cocody Museum of Contemporary Art.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rezoivoire.net/cotedivoire/musee.php |title=Les musées de Côte d'Ivoire |publisher=Rezoivoire.net |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724032519/http://www.rezoivoire.net/cotedivoire/musee.php |archive-date=24 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Point d'Orgue, private music education centre
* In [[Plateau, Ivory Coast|Plateau]]:
** The French Cultural Centre (CCF)
** The Côte d'Ivoire Museum of Civilisations: presents a collection of Ivorian art (statues, masks, jewelry, tools, carved doors, [[tom-toms]] and musical instruments from every region in the country).
* In [[Treichville]]:
** [[The Sports Palace]]
** [[Palace of Culture of Abidjan|The Cultural Palace]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.palaisdelaculture.ci |title=Site du Palais de la culture |publisher=Palaisdelaculture.ci |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729075211/http://www.palaisdelaculture.ci/ |archive-date=29 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
** The Abidjan artisanal centre (CAVA)

=== Cinema ===
==== Festivals ====
Each year film festivals are organised in Abidjan: The Clap-Ivoire Festival,<ref>[http://www.essor.gov.ml/cgi-bin/view_article.pl?id=13296] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005120748/http://www.essor.gov.ml/cgi-bin/view_article.pl?id=13296|date=5 October 2008}}</ref> the Spanish Film Festival, the Côte d'Ivoire National Film Festival (FESNACI) – the first of which was organised in 2007,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lecourrierdabidjan.info/develop.asp?id=14623 |title=Ouverture du festival |publisher=Lecourrierdabidjan.info |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305153844/http://www.lecourrierdabidjan.info/develop.asp?id=14623 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the short film festival (FIMA),<ref>[http://news.abidjan.net/article/?n=179287]{{dead link|date=June 2013}}</ref> which has been organised since 1998 by Hanni Tchelley, the Abidjan Israeli Film Festival;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=2668 |title=Festival du cinéma israélien d'Abidjan |publisher=Lematindabidjan.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713040443/http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=2668 |archive-date=13 July 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> the fourth one took place in 2006 in the [[Goethe Institute]].

==== Abidjan in cinema ====
Several films depict or are devoted to the city:

* ''[[Moi, un noir]]'' (1958) by [[Jean Rouch]]
* ''[[Le Sixième doigt]]'', a film by [[Henri Duparc (director)|Henri Duparc]].
* ''[[Bronx-Barbès]]'' by [[Eliane Delatour]] released in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ceaf.ehess.fr/document.php?id=155 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010085847/http://ceaf.ehess.fr/document.php?id=155 |archive-date=2006-10-10 |title=Éliane de Latour |language=fr}}</ref>
* '' [[Mentir Pour Être Parfait]]'' by [[Abraham Arts Entertainment]]
* ''[[Enfer De La Justice]]'' by [[Abraham Arts Entertainment]]
* ''[[Caramel (film ivoirien)|Caramel]]'' a film by [[Henri Duparc (director)|Henri Duparc]] with [[Adrienne Koutouan]], Fortuné Akakpo.
* ''[[Rue Princesse (film)|Rue Princesse]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.africine.org/?menu=film&no=187 |title=Film Rue Princesse |publisher=Africine.org |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723094356/http://www.africine.org/?menu=film&no=187 |archive-date=23 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> a film by [[Henri Duparc (director)|Henri Duparc]] with {{Interlanguage link|Félicité Wouassi|fr}}, [[Akissi Delta]], Gérard Essomba released in 1993, depicting a neighborhood known for nightlife, music, and prostitutes.
* ''[[Danger Permanent]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lefaso.net/article.php3?id_article=20735 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528034425/http://www.lefaso.net/article.php3?id_article=20735 |archive-date=2007-05-28 |title=Cinéma : "Danger permanent" de Pierre Laba ou l'humour pour traiter de l'insécurité |date=2007-05-10}}</ref> a film by [[Pierre Laba]] with [[Michel Bohiri]], [[Michel Gohou]], [[Adrienne Koutouan]], [[Jimmy Danger]].
* ''[[Un homme pour deux sœurs]]'' a film by [[Marie-Louise Asseu]] released in 2007, with [[Bétika]], [[Jimmy Danger]], [[Michel Gohou]]
* ''[[Man from Cocody]]'' a film by [[Christian-Jaque]] released in 1964, with [[Jean Marais]], [[Philippe Clay]], [[Robert Dalban]], [[Jacques Morel (actor)|Jacques Morel]], [[Gil Delamare]], [[Maria Grazia Buccela]], [[Nancy Holloway]] and [[Liselotte Pulver]].
* ''{{Interlanguage link|Le virus|fr|3=Le virus (téléfilm)}}'', a film by Bleu Brigitte released in December 2007, with Fortuné Akakpo, Fanta Coulibaly, Tatianna de M'C Ensira.

=== Music ===
Abidjan is a turntable for West African music, and a major producer of musical art in Africa. The city attracts the majority of musicians from the Côte d'Ivoire mainly because of its many [[dance clubs]], which allow artists to make their debut and express themselves, record companies and national media. Here are a few examples of the most popular artists to have made their debut in Abidjan: [[Alpha Blondy]], [[Aïcha Koné]], the group [[Magic System]], [[Meiway]], and [[Tiken Jah Fakoly]], as well as [[Gadji Celi]], [[Chantal Taiba]], [[Nayanka Bell]], [[DJ Arafat]]. In the 1980s, [[South Africa]]n musician [[Miriam Makeba]] relocated to Abidjan when she was not allowed back into the country, as did the Congolese singer [[Tshala Muana]].

Since the 1990s, Abidjan has had a significant variety of musical styles being exported throughout Africa and the West. These are [[Zoblazo]], [[Mapouka]], [[Zouglou]] and, since 2002, the [[Coupé-Décalé]]; the popularity and great variety of these dances make the city a kind of African dance and musical trend capital. The Democratic Republic of the Congo formerly held this title, with [[Congolese rumba|rumba]], [[soukous]] and then [[ndombolo]]. Abidjan is also considered the reggae capital of Africa.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Each year, the city organises the following music festivals:

* Abi-Reggae<ref>{{cite web |title=Front Page, ABI REGGAE |url=http://www.abireggae.ci/ |website=www.abireggae.ci |access-date=28 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213181355/http://www.abireggae.ci/ |archive-date=13 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Faya Flow<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abidjanshow.com/a_videobox_suite.php?newsid=1385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219211007/http://abidjanshow.com/a_videobox_suite.php?newsid=1385 |archive-date=2009-02-19 |title=Fayaflow résumé de l'édition 2}}</ref>
* Les Top d'or.<ref>{{cite web |author=Falila Gbadamassi |url=https://www.afrik.com/top-d-or-les-nouveaux-trophees-de-la-musique-ivoirienne |title=Top d'or d'Abidjan |date=5 August 2004 |publisher=Afrik.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707092850/https://www.afrik.com/top-d-or-les-nouveaux-trophees-de-la-musique-ivoirienne |archive-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Concerto Festival.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rezoivoire.net/interview/article/64/m-cesar-dogbo-a-travers-le-concerto-festival-c-est-l-image-de-la-cote-d-ivoire-que-nous-vendons.html |title=Concerto Festival d'Abidjan |publisher=Rezoivoire.net |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724032530/http://www.rezoivoire.net/interview/article/64/m-cesar-dogbo-a-travers-le-concerto-festival-c-est-l-image-de-la-cote-d-ivoire-que-nous-vendons.html |archive-date=24 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Le Tiercé Gagnant<ref>[http://www.lintelligentdabidjan.org/Quotidien/index.php?p=5885]{{dead link|date=March 2011}}</ref>
* The [[RTI Music Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soirinfo.com/article.php3?id_article=2637?id=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205100531/http://www.soirinfo.com/article.php3?id_article=2637%3Fid%3D8 |archive-date=5 December 2008 |title=Cap sur RTI Music Awards 2007 ! |date=2006-08-26 |language=fr |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Dj Mix Atalakou, organised by [[RTI Music TV]]<ref>{{cite web |author=rti.ci |url=http://www.rti.ci/?cible=58 |title=Site de RTI Music |publisher=Rti.ci |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002043325/http://www.rti.ci/?cible=58 |archive-date=2 October 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* International Jazz Festival of Abidjan (FIJA)
* International Festival of Black Music (FIMNA).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=6671 |title=Le FIMNA-Édition 2007 |publisher=Lematindabidjan.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713042529/http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=6671 |archive-date=13 July 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> Organised every two years, alternating with the International Jazz Festival.

=== Media ===
{{See also|Media of Côte d'Ivoire}}
Most mass media in Côte d'Ivoire can be found in Abidjan.

==== Television and radio ====
The National Council for Audio-visual Communication (CNCA) is the regulating authority of audio-visual material in Côte d'Ivoire.

[[Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne]] (RTI) is the radio and television broadcasting authority for Côte d'Ivoire; it is financed by licence fees, publicity and grants. RTI has four television channels and two radio stations: ''La Première'' (non-specialised), ''TV2'', ''RTI Music TV'', ''RTI Sport TV'', ''Radio Côte d'Ivoire'', and ''Fréquence 2'' (non-specialised radio). ''Radio Jam'' is a private radio station in Côte d'Ivoire and is most listened to by young people.

With regards to private channels, [[Tam-Tam TV]] will be the first International Côte d'Ivoire television channel with headquarters in Abidjan, with other studios in the [[United States]], [[Italy]], [[France]], Asia, the Middle East.

There are also several Côte d'Ivoire TV channels or radio stations available on the Internet: ''Africahit'', ''Music TV'', ''Abidjan.net TV'', ''Bengueshow'', etc.

With the launch in 2015 of DISCOP Africa Abidjan, the city became a hub for TV market professionals from French-speaking Africa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://discopafrica.com/introducing-discop-africa-express/ |title=Intro to Discop Africa Abidjan |publisher=discopafrica.com |access-date=9 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928224437/http://discopafrica.com/introducing-discop-africa-express/ |archive-date=28 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Press ====
At the time of the single-party, a political situation which ruled over the country for 30 years like most other [[West African countries]] after independence, only one daily newspaper was distributed throughout the country: [[Fraternité Matin]], from the parliamentary group [[PDCI-RDA]], which was founded by the first president, [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]]. The advent of multiple parties in Côte d'Ivoiret in 1999 can be seen in the proliferation of newspapers and diverse publications, of which the majority is published in Abidjan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.abidjan.net/titrologie |title=Titrologie de la presse ivoirienne |publisher=News.abidjan.net |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326012133/http://news.abidjan.net/titrologie/ |archive-date=26 March 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
*Daily Publications
** ''{{Interlanguage link|L'Inter|fr}}''
** ''{{Interlanguage link|Nord-Sud|fr}}''
** ''[[Fraternité Matin]]''
** ''[[Mo" Papers.]]''
**'' [[Mo" Entertainment]]''
** ''[[Le nouveau réveil]]''
** ''[[Notre Voie]]''
** ''{{Interlanguage link|Le Front |fr|3=Le Front (quotidien ivoirien)}}''
** ''{{Interlanguage link|Le National (journal)|fr|3=Le National}}''
** ''[[Le Temps (journal)|Le Temps]]''
** ''[[Le Jour (journal)|Le Jour]]''
** ''[[Le Patriote (journal)|Le Patriote]]''
** ''Le Matin d'Abidjan''
** ''[[Le Courrier d'Abidjan]]''
** ''{{Interlanguage link|Ivoir'Soir|fr}}''
** ''[[Soir Info]]''
** ''[[24 heures (Côte d'Ivoire)|24 heures]]''
*Daily Sports Publications
** ''[[Douze (journal)|Douze]]''
** ''Le Sport''
*Weekly Publications
** ''[[Gbich]]'' (journal [[satire|satirique]])
** ''[[La Nouvelle République (journal ivoirien)|La Nouvelle République]]''
** ''[[Le Démocrate (journal)|Le Démocrate]]''
** ''Top Visage''
*Monthly Publications
** ''Déclic Magazine''*
** ''Babi Mams Magazine''
** ''[[Amina (magazine)|Amina]]''
{{colend}}

==== Internet and digital TV ====
The President, the Prime Minister, the government, and ministers have an official website.

* The web portal ''Abidjan.net'', which is domiciled in California in the U.S., broadcasts information about the city and the country all over the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abidjan.net |title=Site |publisher=Abidjan.net |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426014822/http://abidjan.net/ |archive-date=26 April 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the "global village" organisation, Abidjan has a number of [[internet-cafés]] which are increasing exponentially, in 2007, there were 400,000 Internet users.
* The web portal ''Abidjan24.net'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abidjan24.net |title=Site |publisher=Abidjan24.net |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224004138/http://www.abidjan24.net/ |archive-date=24 February 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> which is domiciled in Abidjan in the Ivory Coast, broadcasts information about the city and the country all over the world.

==== Television channels ====
* There is only one public state-owned channel ([[Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne|RTI]]), which is also in charge of radio.
* Channel 2 (TV2): in progress.
* Private channels and international radio: undeveloped, non-existent.
* Local radio stations: localised regional nature stations, not accessible out of the country.

=== Festivals and cultural events ===
==== Theatre ====
* ''[[The MASA Festival]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grioo.com/info9719.html |title=Article de GRIOO |publisher=Grioo.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711130522/http://www.grioo.com/info9719.html |archive-date=11 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Dance ====
* ''Urban Dance Festival''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=4230 |title=Danses urbaines d'Abidjan |publisher=Lematindabidjan.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713200120/http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=4230 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Hip-hop is back''. The show was on 21 April 2007, and Diam's and Rageman were guests. It took place on two stages at the [[Las Palmas complex]].

==== Fashion ====
Several fashion events are organised in the city each year: "Les Féeries" (The Fairies),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=5161 |title=Fééries d'Abidjan |publisher=Lematindabidjan.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723034847/http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=5161 |archive-date=23 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> the ceremonies for Miss Côte d'Ivoire, Miss Abidjan District, Miss Christmas (for 6- to 11-year-olds) and Miss [[Awoulaba]] (very prestigious). Moreover, the Yéhé Fashion Show<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=7907 |title=Le Yéhé |publisher=Lematindabidjan.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713200127/http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=7907 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> takes place every year, a celebration of African fashion, and the International Festival of Lingerie and Beauty of Abidjan (FILBA).

Abidjan is also the headquarters for Ivory Coast's clothes designers, renowned for being the best in Africa; including [[Gilles Touré]] (designer for Miss Côte d'Ivoire) or even Pathéo.

==== Other ====
* Climbie Beach Festival
* International Cartoon Festival.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rfi.fr/pressefr/articles/090/article_372.asp |title=Festival du dessin de presse et de la bande dessinée d'Abidjan |publisher=Rfi.fr |date=13 June 2007 |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721021253/http://www.rfi.fr/pressefr/articles/090/article_372.asp |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* International Comedy Festival (FIRA) organised by [[Adama Dahico]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200707181370.html |title=Cote d'Ivoire: Lancement du 5ème Festival du Rire d'Abidjan au Novotel – Dahico et Côte d'Ivoire Télécom ensemble pour 3 jours de détente |first=Shadé |last=Adédé |date=18 July 2007 |website=[[allAfrica.com]] |language=fr |access-date=17 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327035358/http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200707181370.html |archive-date=27 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Places of worship ==

[[File:MosquePlateauAbidjan2016 1.JPG|thumb|right|Great Mosque in Abidjan]]
Among the [[places of worship]], they are predominantly [[Christianity|Christian]] churches and temples : [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Abidjan]] ([[Catholic Church]]), United Methodist Church Ivory Coast ([[World Methodist Council]]), [[Union of Missionary Baptist Churches in Ivory Coast]] ([[Baptist World Alliance]]), [[Assemblies of God]].<ref>{{ cite encyclopedia | editor1= J. Gordon Melton | editor2= Martin Baumann | title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices | publisher= ABC-CLIO | date= 2010 | pages= 811–812}}</ref> There are also [[Islam|Muslim]] mosques. [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] has over 100 congregations in the area with a temple announced for Abidjan in 2015 and construction starting in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/abidjan-ivory-coast-temple/|title=Abidjan Ivory Coast Temple | work= Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |access-date=19 December 2022 | date= 2018 | editor = Rick Satterfield}}</ref>

== Sport ==
Côte d'Ivoire is home to teams from several sports: ([[Côte d'Ivoire national basketball team|basketball]], [[Sport of athletics|athletics]], [[rugby football|rugby]], [[team handball|handball]], [[volleyball]], etc.), [[soccer]] is very popular in Abidjan. Abidjan is home to [[ASEC Mimosas]], one of the country's leading football clubs.

=== Football ===
[[File:Supportairemimos.jpg|right|Mimosa Supporters|thumb]]
[[File:Felicia3.jpg|right|thumb|Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny, nicknamed "le Félicia"]]
[[File:Stade R.Champroux marcory.PNG|thumb|right|The [[Stade Robert Champroux]] after its renovation in 2007]]

* [[Ivorian Football Federation]]
* '''Professional Clubs'''

{|class="wikitable"
|-

! scope="col" |Club
! scope="col" |Stadium
! scope="col" |Founded in
! scope="col" |Titles
! scope="col" |Cups
! scope="col" |F. H.-B. Cups
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" |[[ASEC Mimosas]]
|[[Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny]]
|align=center |1948
|align=center |22
|align=center |14
|align=center |11
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" |[[Africa Sports National|Africa Sports]]
|[[Stade Robert Champroux]]
|align=center |1947
|align=center |14
|align=center |13
|align=center |10
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" |[[Stade d'Abidjan]]
|[[Stade Municipal d'Abidjan]]
|align=center |1936
|align=center |5
|align=center |5
|align=center |1
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" |[[Stella Club d'Adjamé]]
|[[Stade Robert Champroux]]
|align=center |1953
|align=center |3
|align=center |2
|align=center |2
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" |[[Jeunesse Club d'Abidjan|Jeunesse Abidjan]]
|[[Stade Robert Champroux]]
|align=center |1932
|align=center |
|align=center |1
|align=center |
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" |[[Satellite FC Abidjan]]
|[[Stade Imam Ali Timité]]
|align=center |
|align=center |
|align=center |
|align=center |
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" |[[EFYM]]
|
|align=center |1997
|align=center |
|align=center |
|align=center |
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" |[[Rio-Sports d'Anyama]]
|[[Parc des sports de Rio]]
|align=center |1990
|align=center |
|align=center |
|align=center |
|}

* Each year a [[7-a-side football]] tournament is organised: the Festival of Maracana d'Abidjan (FESTMA) which takes place in [[Yopougon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festma.com |title=FESTMA d'Abidjan |publisher=Festma.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512211253/http://www.festma.com/ |archive-date=12 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Following the undeniable success of the "Football Academy" created by [[Jean-Marc Guillou]] (Académie Sol Béni), from which several old members have rejoined professional European clubs, several football training centres for young footballers have developed in recent years: the ''Cyril Domoraud Centre'', ''Labo foot'' in [[Yopougon]], the ''Centre ivoirien de formation de football d'Abidjan (CIFFA)'', ''l'Étoile Scientifique Football Abidjan (ESFA)'', etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnographiques.org/2003/Poli.html#nh3 |title=Centres de football à Abidjan |publisher=Ethnographiques.org |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726035541/http://www.ethnographiques.org/2003/Poli.html#nh3 |archive-date=26 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''Events''':

In 1964, the ''Jeux d'Abidjan'' took place in Abidjan, as did the final of the [[African Cup Winners' Cup]] in 1975, 1980, 1983, and 1990, then another in 1992 under the name of [[CAF Confederations]] Cup. The [[Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny]] was the host of the very first [[African Super Cup]] in 1992, and the second in 1998. The finals of the 1966, 1986, 1995, and 1998 [[CAF Champions League]] also took place in Abidjan.

The main football event organised in Abidjan was the 1984 [[African Cup of Nations]] and one of the finals of the 1983 [[African Youth Cup of Nations]].

The economic capital also attracted other football events such as the [[Assumption Tournament]] (the first one taking place in 2007 in the [[Stade Robert Champroux]]), the West African Club Championship ([[UFOA Cup]]), and international gala matches.

=== Other sports ===
'''Basketball'''

* ''Côte d'Ivoire Basketball Federation''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=11-3143-0-0-0&a=CLEAR |title=Site de la fédération de Basket-Ball |publisher=Sportingpulse.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012020651/http://www.sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=11-3143-0-0-0&a=CLEAR |archive-date=12 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Clubs : '''''Abidjan Basket Club'', ''Club sportif Abidjanais'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200707090820.html |title=Cote d'Ivoire: Basket-ball – le CSA arrose sa coupe |first=P. |last=Bagnini |date=6 July 2007 |website=[[allAfrica.com]] |language=fr |access-date=17 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327035423/http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200707090820.html |archive-date=27 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ASEC Mimosas (basket-ball)|ASEC Mimosas]], ''Phénix Basket Club de [[Cocody]]'' and '''Génération Basket-ball Club''' (GBC) which is a new club of young volunteers who want to become basketball players.

'''Rugby'''
* ''[[Fédération Ivoirienne de Rugby|Côte d'IvoireRugby Federation]]''
* '''Clubs : '''''Abidjan University Club'', ''[[Treichville]] Biafra Olympic''

Abidjan is the centre of Ivorian rugby, and most of the [[Côte d'Ivoiret national rugby union team]] come from here. Although the origins of Ivorian rugby go back to the 1960s and earlier, French official [[Jean-François Turon]] managed the team at [[Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny|Abidjan University]] in the 1980s, but it was [[François Dali]] who created Ivorian rugby, and his son was the national captain during the 1990s.<ref name=Completerugby>Bath, Richard (ed.) ''The Complete Book of Rugby'' (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997 {{ISBN|1-86200-013-1}}) p69</ref>

'''Cycling'''

* ''[[Confédération Africaine de Cyclisme|Côte d'Ivoire Cycling Federation]]''
* '''Clubs : '''''ASFA Moossou'', ''Club cycliste d'Azagui'', ''AS Cavel de [[Koumassi]]'', ''Cycliste club de l'océan'', and the ''Club cycliste de [[Yopougon]]''

'''Tennis'''

* ''Côte d'Ivoire Tennis''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cotedivoiretennis.com |title=Site de la fédération de Tennis |publisher=Cotedivoiretennis.com |date=19 May 2013 |access-date=20 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527212340/http://cotedivoiretennis.com/ |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> which organised the first International Tennis tournament CEDEAO in 2007<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.africatime.com/gabon/nouv_pana.asp?no_nouvelle=345155&no_categorie=5 |title=Tournoi international de la CEDEAO |publisher=Africatime.com |date=22 August 2007 |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707092740/http://www.africatime.com/gabon/nouv_pana.asp?no_nouvelle=345155&no_categorie=5 |archive-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''Clubs : '''''Seamen's Club'', ''SGBCI Tennis Club'', ''Tennis Club Hotel Ivoire'', ''Sporting Club 2 Plateaux'', ''Palm Club Abidjan Tennis'', and the ''Lycée technique Abidjan Tennis Club''

'''Judo'''

* ''Côte d'Ivoire Federation of Judo and Related Disciplines'' which organised the 15th Abidjan Tournament in 2007'.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=7167 |title=Tournoi de la ville d'Abidjan |publisher=Lematindabidjan.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713200137/http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=7167 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''Athletics'''

* ''Côte d'Ivoire Athletics Federation.''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=4667 |title=Semi-marathon de la ville d'Abidjan |publisher=Lematindabidjan.com |access-date=28 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723034946/http://www.lematindabidjan.com/visual_article.php?num_actualite=4667 |archive-date=23 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Clubs :''' ''Club d'[[Attécoubé]]'' and ''Club de [[Yopougon]]''

'''Boxing'''

* '''Club : SOA Boxing Club d'Abidjan'''

'''Golf'''

* ''Côte d'Ivoire Golf Federation''
* '''Club: Ivoire Golf Club'''

=== Facilities ===
* '''Stadiums''' : [[Stade INJS]], [[Stade Municipal d'Abidjan]], [[Stade Municipal de Man FC]], [[Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny]], [[Parc des Sports de Treichville]], [[Stade Robert Champroux]], [[Stade du Port autonome d'Abidjan]].
* '''Other facilities:''' ''Omnisport Palace in [[Treichville]]''
* '''Olympic Complex:''' with 80,000 to 100,000 seats<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bnetd.ci/investissement/prj/p004_colympic.htm |title=Complexe olympique d'Abidjan |website=BNETD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406133621/http://www.bnetd.ci/investissement/prj/p004_colympic.htm |archive-date=6 April 2005}}</ref> is being planned, thanks to the Ivorian managers' desire to provide the "Elephants" with a better national stadium. The complex will have, in addition to areas for all different Olympic disciplines (football, athletics, [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]], etc.), restaurants, shops, auditoriums, conference rooms, a hotel for the sportspeople, and training areas. Since the sudden increase in Ivorian football, the government believes that the national team deserves a better stadium. Although, there was a problem with the "Félicia": it is impossible to increase its size due to its location in Le Plateau. The project for the new complex was suspended {{As of|2011|lc=on}} because of a lack of investors and the political situation which the country has been experiencing since December 1999.
{{clear}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==
{{See also|Timeline of Abidjan#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Abidjan}}

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Abidjan}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Abidjan}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081026071520/http://www.abidjan-da.ci/ Site officiel du District d'Abidjan] (archived 17 February 2007)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101014093341/http://tedxabidjan.com/ TEDxAbidjan, The Premier Intellectual Gathering of Côte d'Ivoire – Le Principal Forum Intellectuel qui réunit les esprits les plus brillants sous licence de TED] (archived 14 October 2010)

{{Abidjan subdivisions}}
{{List of African capitals}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Abidjan| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Port cities in Africa]]
[[Category:Former national capitals]]
[[Category:Populated places in Abidjan]]